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•CW-MFC could generate electricity combined with purification of wastewater.•TN removal rate in CW-MFC was highly significant (p < 0.01) higher than that in CW.•Voltage was ...265.77 ± 12.66 mV and power density was 3714.08 mW·m−2 in CW-MFC.•The diversity and richness of the CW-MFC were higher than those of the CW.
Constructed wetlands combined with microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) could purify the wastewater while using microorganisms to generate electricity. Our study investigated pollutant removal and microorganism evolution in CW and CW-MFC. The average removal rate of total nitrogen (82.46 ± 4.74%) in the CW-MFC was highly significant (p < 0.01) higher than that in the CW. The average removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (82.32 ± 12.85%) and total phosphorus (95.06 ± 5.45%) in the CW-MFC were higher than those in the CW. In the CW-MFC, the average voltage was 265.77 ± 12.66 mV and the highest power density was 3714.08 mW·m−2. The microbial community diversity and richness of the CW-MFC system were higher than those of the CW system. The read number of ammonia oxidizing (149 ± 7), nitrite-oxidizing (144 ± 8, 132 ± 18) and anammox bacteria (281 ± 8) were the highest in the CW-MFC (Anode). The contents of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and electrochemically active bacteria in the CW-MFC (Cathode) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than others.
•More than 80% of COD, NH4+-N and TP were removed under OFL pressure.•OFL promoted the secretion of EPS and changed the EPS chemical composition.•OFL decreased the diversity and richness of the ...microbial community in the reactor.•OFL affected the read numbers of the functional bacteria community in the reactor.
An activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was fed with synthetic wastewater containing ofloxacin (OFL) for 52days to study the overall performance of the SBR, the characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the bacterial community shift. Removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and OFL were maintained at 90%, 96%, 80% and 65%, respectively. The EPS contents increased with increasing OFL concentration because more EPS was secreted to protect cells from OFL damage. Moreover, the EPS compositions shifted. For denitrifying bacteria, the read number of Pseudomonas and Bacillus sharply decreased initially (p<0.05) and increased from Day 25 to Day 50, which agreed with the tendency of Nitrosomonadaceae (ammonia oxidizer), while Paracoccus significantly decreased (p<0.05). The read number of Rhodocyclaceae, a phosphorus-accumulating bacterium, increased. Other functional microbes such as Nitrospirales (nitrite oxidizer) and Planctomyces (anammox) sharply decreased under OFL pressure (p<0.05).
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are a representative class of emerging contaminants. This study aimed to investigate the PPCP removal performance and application safety of a biochar ...fabricated using the invasive plant
Alternanthera philoxeroides
(APBC). According to scanning electron microscopy and pore size analyses, APBC exhibited a porous structure with a specific surface area of 857.5 m
2
/g. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of surface functional groups, including phosphorus-containing groups, C=O, C=C, and –OH. The adsorption experiment showed that the maximum removal efficiency of ibuprofen was 97% at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L and APBC dosage of 0.8 g/L. The adsorption kinetics were fitted by the pseudo-second-order model with the highest correlation coefficient (
R
2
= 0.9999). The adsorption isotherms were well described by the Freundlich model (
R
2
= 0.9896), which indicates a dominant multilayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of APBC was 172 mg/g. A toxicity evaluation, based on
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
and human epidermal BEAS-2B cells, was carried out using a spectrum analysis, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay, and flow cytometry. The results of the above showed the low cytotoxicity of APBC and demonstrated its low toxicity in potential environmental applications.
•Removal of chemical oxygen demand (88.6%), ammonia nitrogen (90.47%), and phosphorus (64.25%).•Trimethoprim promotes the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances.•Trimethoprim has a negative ...effect on microbial richness and diversity.•Read numbers of functional bacteria change under trimethoprim pressure.
The performance and microbial community changes of an activated sludge sequencing batch reactor were evaluated after exposure to trimethoprim for 51days. The average chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus efficiencies were 88.6%±0.56%, 90.47%±0.29% and 64.25%±1.12%, respectively. The protein and polysaccharide contents increased with increasing trimethoprim concentration to protect the cells from the unfavorable conditions. The chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances increased. For denitrifying bacteria, the read numbers of Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Bacillus were both significantly increased from Day 1 to 25 and sharply decreased by Day 50 (p<0.05), which is consistent with the tendency of Planctomyces (Anammox). The read number of Paracoccus displayed an increasing trend, whereas Nitrospirales, Nitrospira (nitrite oxidizer) and Nitrosomonadaceae (ammonia oxidizer) were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The read number of Rhodocyclaceae (phosphorus oxidizer) was significantly decreased from Day 1 to 25 and sharply increased by Day 50 (p<0.05).
The Pd-catalyzed asymmetric 4+2 cycloaddition reaction of an aliphatic 1,4-dipole with singly activated electron-deficient alkenes is realized for the first time, enabled by using a newly developed ...benzylic substituted P,N-ligand, affording tetrahydropyrans having three continuous chiral centers in high yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The rational transition states of the reaction as well as the role of the benzylic chiral center are proposed.
To evaluate the effects of Fe3C pretreatment on constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell performance, iron-free wastewater, ferric iron-containing wastewater, and ferric iron-containing wastewater ...pretreated with Fe3C were injected into laboratory fuel cells. Wastewater pretreatment can improve sewage treatment, power generation, and microbial growth in microbial fuel cells as ferric iron reacts with Fe3C to generate ferrous iron acting as electron acceptors, accumulating microbial to form cytochrome c, stimulating microbial production of extracellular polymers, reducing internal reactors resistance. Results show that the fuel cells pretreated with Fe3C had the highest removal efficiencies of ammonium nitrogen (96.38 ± 1.87%), total phosphorus (96.52 ± 1.25%) and chemical oxygen demand (74.70 ± 1.67%), and the greatest maximum power density (5.08 mW/m2) and greatest extracellular polymer content. The operational taxonomic units of the electrochemically active bacteria and ferric ammonium oxidizing bacteria Desulfobulbus and Pseudomonas increased significantly (p < 0.05) at the anode of the pretreated fuel cells (342 ± 11 and 98 ± 21) compared with the ferric iron (235 ± 11 and 155 ± 21)) and iron free fuel cells (226 ± 20 and 23 ± 1). This demonstrates that Fe3C pretreatment is environmentally friendly while improving the performance of the device.
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•Fe3C pretreatment of ferric iron-containing wastewater improves CW-MFC efficiency.•Fe3C pretreatment significantly improves total nitrogen, NH4+-N, and COD removal.•Dissolved iron concentrations in treated effluent are below discharge guidelines.•Fe3C pretreated wastewater has significant bioelectricity generation potential.•Desulfomicrobium transforms ferric iron to ferrous iron in CW-MFCs.
Background
Traditional endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy is usually performed through an axillary incision with 5-mm thoracoscope under general anesthesia with endotrachea intubation. Nonintubated ...transareolar single-port thoracic sympathicotomy with a needle scope has rarely been attempted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this minimally invasive technique in managing primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH).
Methods
From May 2012 to May 2014, a total of 85 male patients with severe PPH underwent transareolar single-port thoracic sympathicotomy by use of a 2-mm needle scope under total intravenous anesthesia without endotrachea intubation.
Results
All procedures were successfully performed with a mean operating time of 13.5 min. The palms of all patients became dry and warm as soon as the sympathetic chain was cut off. There were no sore throat, and all the patients regained consciousness rapidly after surgery. Eighty-two patients (96.5 %) were discharged from the hospital on the first postoperative day. The postoperative complications were minor, and no patients developed Horner’s syndrome. At 6 months postoperatively, there is no obvious surgical scar on the chest wall, and none of the patients complained about postoperative pain. Compensatory sweating appeared in 31 patients. No recurrent symptoms were observed in our study. One-year follow-up revealed an excellent cosmetic result and degree of satisfaction.
Conclusions
Nonintubated transareolar single-port needlescopic thoracic sympathicotomy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive therapeutic procedure, which can be performed in routine clinical practice for male PPH patients.
The swelling behavior of 20% cold-worked 15–15Ti steels with (0.23–0.40) wt% titanium and (0.42–0.81) wt% silicon content after heavy-ion beam irradiation has been investigated by transmission ...electron microscopy. The results show that 15–15Ti steel with higher titanium content displays lower swelling. As silicon content increases, the cavity size and the swelling of the 15–15Ti steels decrease obviously. Titanium and silicon may play important roles in suppressing the cavity nucleation and growth in 15–15Ti steel.
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