Main conclusion
The molecular mechanism underlying white petal color in
Brassica napus
was revealed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.
Rapeseed (
Brassica napus
L.) is one of the most ...important oilseed crops worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying flower color in this crop are known less. Here, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the yellow-flowered rapeseed cultivar ‘Zhongshuang 11’ (ZS11) and the white-flowered inbred line ‘White Petal’ (WP). The total carotenoid contents were 1.778-fold and 1.969-fold higher in ZS11 vs. WP petals at stages S2 and S4, respectively. Our findings suggest that white petal color in WP flowers is primarily due to decreased lutein and zeaxanthin contents. Transcriptome analysis revealed 10,116 differentially expressed genes with a fourfold or greater change in expression (
P
-value less than 0.001) in WP vs. ZS11 petals, including 1,209 genes that were differentially expressed at four different stages and 20 genes in the carotenoid metabolism pathway.
BnNCED4b
, encoding a protein involved in carotenoid degradation, was expressed at abnormally high levels in WP petals, suggesting it might play a key role in white petal formation. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome data. The results of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in rapeseed petals, and the candidate genes identified in this study provide a resource for the creation of new
B. napus
germplasms with different petal colors.
► PbO2 electrode with an interlayer of SnO2–Sb2O3 was prepared. ► The electrode was characterized by SEM, XRD and CV. ► UV spectroscopy and TOC measurements were conducted to study the kinetics of ...phenol degradation. ► Intermediates of phenol degradation were identified by HPLC. ► a general pathway for the electrochemical degradation of phenol on PbO2 anode was proposed.
The PbO2 electrode was prepared by electrodeposition method in this paper. The electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution was studied by galvanostatic electrolysis using PbO2 electrode as anode. UV spectroscopy, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements were conducted to study the kinetics of phenol electrochemical degradation and the mineralization efficiency under different current densities. The experimental results showed that the applied current density had a positive influence on the degradation of phenol and removal of TOC, but a higher current density led to lower current efficiency and higher energy consumption. The phenol degradation always followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. In addition, aromatic intermediates and general carboxylic acids generated in the degradation of phenol have been indentified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a general pathway for the electrochemical degradation of phenol on PbO2 anode was proposed.
•A novel algorithm was proposed to remotely observe POC storage in eutrophic lakes.•POC profile could be identified and parameterized by surface Chl-a, POC, and wind.•Spatiotemporal variations in POC ...storage were determined by temperature and depth.
Particulate organic carbon (POC) storage play an essential role in determining carbon sinks and water quality in shallow eutrophic lakes. Although satellite data have been adopted to observe surface POC content, the previous remote sensing results cannot indicate water column-integrated POC storage in shallow eutrophic lakes with vertically nonuniform POC profiles. Based on 272 in-situ POC profiles collected from 19 shallow eutrophic lakes in China's Yangtze-Huai Plain (YHP), this study developed a novel process-oriented method to derive water column-integrated POC storage from OLCI/Sentinel-3A satellite data. The method included three critical steps: remotely estimating surface POC contents, identifying POC profile types (uniform, exponential decay, or power decay) through a binary decision tree, and parameterizing POC profiles using surface POC concentrations. The developed algorithms showed a bias of -25.79% for in-situ match-ups from 15 lakes (N = 88). The POC in the eutrophic lakes was mainly produced by phytoplankton (R2 = 0.87). As a result, the surface POC content presented a unimodal peak in summer. However, in addition to air temperature regulations (0.52 – 68.53%), the water level also showed apparent effects on increasing POC storage, with relative contributions of 29.29 – 95.51% for the six largest lakes. Therefore, multisource satellite data are needed to derive POC storage in global eutrophic lakes remotely. This study is the first attempt to three-dimensionally observe lake POC contents from space and is important for understanding the carbon cycle in shallow eutrophic lakes.
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Chronic pain (CP) is a prevalent problem, and more than half of patients with CP have sleep disorders. CP comorbidity with sleep disorders imposes immense suffering and seriously affects the ...patient's quality of life, which is a challenging issue encountered by clinicians. Although the reciprocal interactions between pain and sleep have been studied to some degree, there is still a lack of awareness and comprehensive description of CP comorbidity with sleep disorders. In this narrative review article, we summarize the current knowledge about the present estimates of the prevalence of comorbid sleep disorders in CP patients, sleep detection methods, sleep characterization in CP, and the effect of sleep disorders on CP and current therapies. We also summarize current knowledge of the neurochemical mechanisms of CP comorbidity with sleep disorders. In conclusion, insufficient attention has been paid to the role of sleep disorders in CP patients, and CP patients should be screened for sleep disorders in the clinic. Special attention should be given to a possible risk of drug-drug interaction when using two types of drugs targeting pain and sleep simultaneously. The current insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying CP comorbidity with sleep disorders is still rather limited.
A novel non-enzyme electrochemical biosensor for the rapid detection of Gram-positive bacteria has been constructed that relys on a stable and efficient combination between the peptidoglycan layer ...and platinum-nickel-copper nanocubes (Pt-Ni-Cu NCs). Briefly, bacteria were first captured by a specific antibody. Then, the electrochemical signal materials (Pt-Ni-Cu NCs) were bound to the bacteria peptidoglycan layer using specific structural and surface features. The rapid and sensitive bacterial detection was then achieved using intrinsic electrochemical characteristics and superoxidase-like activity of the Pt-Ni-Cu NCs. Moreover, the nature of peptidoglycan covering the whole bacteria provided the premise for signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical signal variation was proportional to the concentration of bacteria ranging from 1.5 × 10
2
to 1.5 × 10
8
CFU/mL with a detection limit of 42 CFU/mL using a working potential of − 0.4 V. This electrochemical biosensor has been successfully applied to detect bacteria concentrations in urine samples, and the recoveries range from 90.4 to 107%. The proposed biosensor could be applied for broad-spectrum detection of Gram-positive bacteria since most Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick peptidoglycan layer. The developed electrochemical biosensing strategy might be used as a potential tool for clinical pathogenic bacteria detection and point-of-care testing (POCT).
Primary cell wall (PCW) is a rigid yet flexible cell wall surrounding plant cells and it plays key roles in plant growth, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, water movement and ...defence. As a technique widely used to study the characteristics of mammalian cells, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is rarely used in plant science. In this work, we designed and fabricated an EIS based biosensor coupled with microfluidic platform to investigate the formation process of PCWat the single-cell level. Arabidopsis mesophyll cells with completely regenerated PCW showed significantly higher impedance values compared to the nascent protoplasts without PCW, demonstrating that PCW formation caused a dramatic change in cell electrical properties. The device could also discriminate plant mutant cells with modified PCW compositions, thus provided a novel tool for physical phenotyping of plant cells. The dose-dependent effects of exogenously applied auxin on PCW regeneration were corroborated on this platform which revealed its potential to sensitively detect the influences of in vitro stimuli. This work not only provided one novel application of impedance-based biosensor to characterize a plant-specific developmental event, but also revealed the promises of EIS integrated microfluidic system as a sensitive, time-effective and low-cost platform to characterize single plant cells and make new scientific discoveries in plant science.
•A microfluidic integrated impedance-based biosensor was developed for monitoring primary cell wall (PCW) regeneration.•The biosensor was successfully exploited to detect PCW regeneration of genetically modified cells.•Promoted PCW synthesis by an optimum concentration of auxin was detectable by the biosensor.•The platform shown great potential capacities to study other plant-specific developmental events at single-cell level.
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► Carbon nanotube (CNT) modified PbO2 electrodes were prepared. ► The CNT could be doped into the PbO2 film in the presence of surfactant-LAS. ► LAS-CNT-PbO2 electrode showed the ...highest 4-CP and TOC removal percentage. ► The service life of LAS-CNT-PbO2 electrode was 1.8 times longer than that of PbO2 electrode. ► The degradation mechanism of 4-CP was also discussed.
The lauryl benzene sulfonic acid sodium (LAS)-carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified PbO2 electrode was fabricated by thermal deposition and electrodeposition methods. Its morphology and composition were compared with those of PbO2, CNT-PbO2, and LAS-PbO2 electrodes. It was found that CNT could be doped into the PbO2 film in the presence of LAS. The Fe(CN)64−/3− redox couple in 0.1M KCl was used for initial evaluation of the electro-catalytic activity of prepared electrodes. The results showed that LAS-CNT-PbO2 electrode exhibited the largest peak current and the smallest ΔEp in Fe(CN)64−/3− redox process. The stability tests showed that the service life of LAS-CNT-PbO2 electrode was 1.8 times longer than that of PbO2 electrode. The electro-catalytic activity of the prepared electrodes was also examined for the electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and the LAS-CNT-PbO2 electrode exhibited the highest activity for 4-CP degradation among the four PbO2-based electrodes. Besides, HPLC was employed to identify the products resulting from the electrochemical oxidation of 4-CP and the degradation mechanism of 4-CP was also discussed.
► Carbon nanotube (CNT) modified PbO2 electrodes were prepared. ► The effect on CNT–PbO2 of different surfactants was compared. ► More CNT could be doped by the synergistic effect of anionic ...surfactant–LAS. ► A higher activity and stability was obtained by LAS–CNT–PbO2 electrode.
In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT) modified PbO2 electrodes were fabricated using electrodeposition method. The influence of adding cationic surfactant–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or anionic surfactant–lauryl benzene sulfonic acid sodium (LAS) into electrodeposition solution on the performance of CNT–PbO2 electrodes was compared. The morphology, elemental composition and phase composition of PbO2, CNT–PbO2, CTAB–PbO2, LAS–PbO2, CTAB–CNT–PbO2 and LAS–CNT–PbO2 electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Linear sweep voltammetry (LV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were also utilized to study the electrochemical performance of different electrodes. The results showed that more CNT could be doped into the PbO2 film by the synergetic action of LAS, and the LAS–CNT–PbO2 electrode has a higher activity than other PbO2-based electrodes. In addition, fluorescence spectrum technique was used to determine the amount of hydroxyl radical produced during the electro-catalytic oxidation process, which gave the direct evidence that the generation capability of hydroxyl radical on the surface of LAS–CNT–PbO2 was stronger than those of other PbO2-based electrodes. Mineralization experiments of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) also indicated that the electro-catalytic activity of LAS–CNT–PbO2 electrode was superior to other electrodes. Stability tests at 60°C and in 2.0M aqueous H2SO4 with an anodic current density of 1.0Acm−2 showed that the LAS–CNT–PbO2 electrode had the highest electrochemical stability.
Converting cheap and abundant internal alkenes to value-added linear aldehydes is of great importance but not an addressed issue. In this paper, an integration of a Milstein-type Ru–PNN catalyst and ...our Rh–Tribi/Tetrabi catalyst was first demonstrated in highly improved isomerization linear selective hydroformylation of 2-, 3-, and 4-alkenes, yielding excellent linear selectivities and activities (linear selectivity improvements of 2.2–58%, up to 94.2–98.6%, and turnover numbers improvements of 61–335 TON, up to 385–851) compared to the Ru–PNN/Rh–Bisbi system.
It is challenging to balance high biocompability with good mechanical–electrical sensing performance, especially when triggering inflammatory stress response after in vivo implantation. Herein, a ...bioinspired wrinkle‐reinforced adaptive nanoclay‐interlocked soft strain‐sensor based on a highly stretchable and elastic ionic‐conductive hydrogel is reported. This novel nanoclay‐composite hydrogel exhibits excellent tensile properties and high sensing capacity with steady and reliable sensing performance due to the structural–mechanical–electrical integrity of the nanoclay crosslinked and nano‐reinforced interpenetrating network. The incorporation of amphiphilic ions provides the hydrogel with significant protein resistance, reducing its non‐specific adsorption to proteins upon implantation, improving its biosafety as an implanted device, and maintaining the authenticity of the sensing results. Based on the revealed sensing enhanced mechanism based on hierarchical ordered structures as a proof‐of‐concept application, this hydrogel sensor is demonstrated to be able to accurately localize the region where myocardial infarction occurs and may become a novel strategy for real‐time monitoring of pathological changes in heart disease.
A novel bioinspired nanoclay‐composite wrinkled hydrogel sensor is developed with excellent mechanical and biocompatible properties and high and reliable sensing capacity due to the structural–mechanical–electrical integrity of the wrinkle micropattern and nanoclay‐reinforced interpenetrating crosslinked network. As a proof‐of‐concept, this hydrogel sensor can accurately localize the region where myocardial infarction occurs, showing promise for real‐time monitoring of pathological heart tissue.
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