This article analyzes the impact of the ground clearance on the Annual Energy Production (AEP) and tower cost of a 20 MW offshore wind turbine. In addition, the influence of the rated wind speed on ...the analysis result will be considered. The AEP is computed by considering wind speed variation over the swept area of the rotor blades. The tapered tubular steel tower is considered for mass and cost calculation. The tower is considered as a fixed-free cantilever beam with concentrated mass at the free end. The analysis shows that the ground clearance only has a minor impact on the AEP but it has a remarkable impact on the tower mass. Specifically, when the ground clearance reaches 50 meters, the AEP only increases by roughly 3% while tower mass is nearly doubled compared to the case with no ground clearance. The results also reveal the significant impact of the rated speed on both the AEP and tower mass.
BackgroundDrowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional death in children in Vietnam. The Vietnam Drowning Prevention project aims to reduce 20% of burden of drowning in Vietnam, this is a ...comprehensive approach program started in 8 provinces in Vietnam in 2019 and expanded to 22 provinces since 2022 that covered 47% of national burden of child drowning.MethodsDrowning data of children aged 0–15 during 2015–2019 and were collected based on death registration systems and validated by community survey. More than 600 drowning death were analyzed for both intervention and non-intervention areas.ResultsDuring 2015 – 2019 there were 600 children died because of drowning at study area. During 2018 – 2019 there were 200 cases. Child fatal drowning rates during 2015–2017 was nearly 18/100.000 children, during 2018–2019 decreased into 14.8 and 11.2/100.000 children respectively. Drowning rate among boys was twice as high as girls’ rate and it tended to increase in the period of 2016–2019. The rate of children over 6 years old was twice higher than that of children under 6 years old. Drowning rates tends to decrease in intervention areas while keeping stable trend in non-intervention areas.ConclusionsThe preliminary results show initial effects of intervention activities on drowning rates but more observation time needed to due to show clear evidence of the effectiveness.
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•Novel twenty-four 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4H-pyrano2,3-dpyrimidine−d-glucose conjugates.•8g, 8t, 8u, 8v, 8x, and 8y: inhibitory activity IC50 = 1.56–9.52 μM against ...MtbPtpB.•Ser57, Arg59, Hid94, and Phe98 residues of 2OZ5 created the specific binding pocket.
Some heterocycles, namely 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitriles, were synthesized in a three-component reaction from substituted benzaldehydes, malononitrile, and ethyl acetoacetate. These heterocycles have been converted subsequently into 4H-pyrano2,3-dpyrimidine ring by ring-closing reaction with acetic anhydride in the presence of the concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst. The successive alkylation reaction of lactam NH bond on pyrimidine-4-one ring was carried out using propargylic bromide in dry acetone in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. The click chemistry of 3-propargyl-4H-pyrano2,3-dpyrimidine compounds has been accomplished by reaction with tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl azide using the metal-organic framework Cu@MOF-5 as a catalyst in absolute ethanol. All the synthesized 1H-1,2,3-triazoles 8a–y were screened for their in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MtbPtpB) inhibition. Kinetic studies of the most active compounds 8v, 8x, and 8y showed their competitive inhibition toward the MtbPtpB enzyme. The detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) in vitro and in silico studies suggested that the interaction of Arg63 amino acids with anion type of para-hydroxyl group via a salt bridge of iminium cation was essential for strong inhibitory activity against MtbPtpB.
A series of substituted 4
H
-pyrano2,3-
d
pyrimidines were synthesized from corresponding substituted 4
H
-pyrans by ring-closing reaction with acetic anhydride or acetic acid in the presence of ...trifluoroacetic acid as catalyst. The successive alkylation reaction of lactam N–H bond on pyrimidine-4-one ring was carried out using propargylic bromide in dry acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Three procedures applied for this purpose, including MW-assisted heating conditions at power of 100 W, under conventional heating conditions in water bath at 50 °C, and under ultrasound-assisted heating conditions at 50 °C. Dry acetonitrile was used as reaction solvent. Excellent yields of
N
-propargyl-4
H
-pyrano2,3-
d
pyrimidine derivatives were obtained. The single-crystal X-ray structure of compound
6a
has been recorded, and the study helps to confirm the structure of synthesized
N
-propargyl derivative of 4
H
-pyrano2,3-
d
pyrimidines
6a
–
6p
.
The study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the
FTO
A/T polymorphism (
rs9939609
) to the prediction of the future type 2 diabetes (T2D). A population-based prospective study included 1443 ...nondiabetic subjects at baseline, and they were examined for developing T2D after 5-year follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of
rs9939609
to the future T2D in the models adjusted for the confounding factors including socio-economic status, lifestyle factors (smoking and drinking history, sporting habits, and leisure time), and clinical patterns (obese status, blood pressures, and dyslipidemia) at baseline. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to measure the power to predict individuals with T2D. The
FTO
-
rs9939609
polymorphism was a significant predictor of future T2D in the model unadjusted, and it remained significant in the final model after adjustment for the confounding factors, showing an additive effect of the A-allele (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02–1.78,
P
= 0.036, AUC = 0.676). For normoglycemic subjects at baseline, the similar final adjusted model reported the increased HR per A-allele (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.09–2.07,
P
= 0.012, AUC = 0.697). Five-year changes in BMI, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure did not remove the contribution of
rs9939609
to increased HR of T2D. The population attributable risk for risk genotype was 13.6%. In conclusion, the study indicates that the
FTO
-rs9939609 polymorphism is an important genetic predictor for future T2D in Vietnamese population.
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•Reagent-free synthesis of colloidal Au and Ag nanoparticles through nanosecond IR laser plasma-assisted reduction.•The use of the Si wafer for the erosive plasma plume ...formation.•Reduction of metal ions on the surface of ablated Si nanoparticles.
We report the facile synthesis of colloidal Si@Au and Si@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) through nanosecond IR laser plasma-mediated reduction of 0.03 mM aqueous solutions of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) at different laser intensities on the surface of Si NPs during the ablation of the silicon wafer. The resulting hybrid colloidal NPs were analysed by UV–vis transmission spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Some gluco-conjugated 1H-1,2,3-triazoles possessing 4H-pyrano2,3-dpyrimidines 8a–8s were synthesized via click chemistry between N-propargyl-4H-pyrano2,3-dpyrimidines 6a–6s and peracetylated ...glucopyranosyl azide 7, respectively. This process occurred under catalytic conditions using CuI@montmorillonite as the catalyst in absolute ethanol. The antibacterial, anti-MRSA and antifungal activities of these 1H-1,2,3-triazoles were probed using the minimum inhibitory concentration. Amongst the examined compounds, 1,2,3-triazoles 8g and 8s exhibited good inhibitory activity against the seven tested bacterial strains with MIC values in the range of 0.78–6.25 μg mL−1. They also displayed excellent inhibitory activity against five clinically isolated MRSA strains with MIC values in the range of 0.78–3.125 μM, especially 8g, which exerted excellent activity against all tested MRSA strains and S. aureus with MIC values in the range of 0.78–1.56 μg mL−1. An induced fit docking study was performed to observe the binding efficiency and steric interactions of the lead compound 8g. IFD results showed that compound 8g is compatible with the active site of S. aureus DNA gyrase 2XCS with six hydrogen bonding interactions and two π–π stacking interactions, which suggest that the tested compounds inhibit the synthesis of the S. aureus gyrase enzyme.
Aims
The study aimed at determining 5‐year incidence and prediction nomogram for new‐onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a middle‐aged population in Vietnam.
Methods
A population‐based prospective study ...was designed to collect socio‐economic, anthropometric, lifestyle and clinical data. Five‐year T2D incidence was estimated and adjusted for age and sex. Hazard ratio (HR) for T2D was investigated using discrete‐time proportional hazards model. T2D prediction model entering the most significant risk factors was developed using the multivariable logistic‐regression algorithm. The corresponding prediction nomogram was constructed and checked for discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness.
Results
The age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence was 21.0 cases (95% CI: 12.2−40.0) per 1000 person‐years in people with mean BMI of 22.2 (95% CI: 21.9−22.7 kg/m2). The HRs (95% CI) for T2D were 1.14 (1.05−1.23) per 10 mmHg systolic blood pressure, 1.05 (1.03−1.08) per 1 cm waist circumference, 1.40 (1.13−1.73) per 1 mmol/L fasting blood glucose, 1.77 (1.15−2.71) per sleeping time (<6 h/day vs 6–7 h/day) and 2.12 (1.25−3.61) per residence (urban vs rural). The prediction nomogram for new‐onset T2D had a good discrimination (area under curve: 0.711, 95% CI: 0.666−0.755) and fit calibration (mean absolute error: 0.009). For the predicted probability thresholds between 0.03 and 0.36, the nomogram showed a positive net benefit, without increasing the number of false positives.
Conclusion
This study highlighted an alarmingly high incidence of T2D in a middle‐aged population with a normal range BMI in Vietnam. The individual prediction nomogram with decision curve analysis for new‐onset T2D would be valuable for early detection, intervention and treatment of the condition.
This study presents a tri-layer broadband metamaterial absorber that operates in the GHz range. The absorber was composed of a polyhedral iron-cobalt alloy/graphite nanosheet material arranged in a ...flat sheet with two punched-in rings for the top layer, a continuous FR-4 layer at the middle, and a continuous copper layer at the bottom. For the normal incidence of the electromagnetic wave, the proposed absorber demonstrated an exceptional broadband absorption in a frequency range of 7.9–14.6 GHz, revealing an absorption exceeding 90%. The absorption magnitude remains to be above 90% in a frequency range of 8–11.1 GHz for transverse-electric-polarized waves at incident angles up to 55°. For both the transverse-magnetic- and electric-polarized waves, the absorption exceeds 90% in a frequency range of 9.5–14.6 GHz. The physical mechanism behind the absorption properties is analyzed thoroughly through the electric and magnetic field distributions. The obtained results could contribute potentially to the development of microwave applications based on metamaterial absorbers, such as radar-stealth technology, electromagnetic shielding for health safety, and reduced electromagnetic interferences for high-performance communications and electronic devices.
To sought for an easily applicable nomogram for detecting individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes.
The development cohort included 2542 participants recruited randomly from a rural ...population in 2011.The glycemic status of subjects was determined using the fasting plasma glucose test and the oral glucose tolerance test. The Bayesian Model Average approach was used to search for a parsimonious model with minimum number of predictor and maximum discriminatory power. The corresponding prediction nomograms were constructed and checked for discrimination, calibration, clinical usefulness, and generalizability in nationwide population in 2012.
The non-lab nomogram including waist circumference and systolic blood pressure was the most parsimonious with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95 %CI = 0.64–0.76). Adding low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the non-lab nomogram generated the lab-based nomogram with significantly improved AUC of 0.83 (0.78–0.87, P < 0.001). The nomograms had a positive net benefit at threshold probability between 0.01 and 0.15. Applying the non-lab nomogram to the national population yielded the AUC of 0.66 (0.63–0.70) and 0.68 (0.65–0.71) in the cohorts aged 40–64 and 30–69 years, respectively.
The novel nomograms could help promote the early detection of undiagnosed diabetes in rural Vietnamese population.
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