Studies of Galactic chemical, and dynamical evolution in the solar neighborhood depend on the availability of precise atmospheric parameters (effective temperature Tsubeff , metallicity Fe/H, and ...surface gravity log g) for solar-type stars. In this work, we use an alternative method based on spectral indices to determine the atmospheric parameters of a sample of nearby FGK dwarfs and sub-giants observed by the MARVELS survey at moderate resolving power. To avoid a time-consuming manual analysis, we have developed three codes to automatically normalize the observed spectra, measure the equivalent widths of the indices, and, through a comparison of those with values calculated with predetermined calibrations, estimate the atmospheric parameters of the stars. Our approach was able to recover the parameters within 80 K for Tsubeff, 0.05 dex for Fe/H, and 0.15 dex for log g, values that are lower than or equal to the typical external uncertainties found between different high-resolution analysis. The results show that the spectral indices are a competitive tool to characterize stars with intermediate resolution spectra.
O leito de drenagem tem sido estudado para recuperação de águas residuais e redução de volume de lodo industrial de Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETA). Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o uso ...de leito de drenagem para a desidratação de lodo da ETA da cidade de Ouro Branco/MG. Amostras de lodo foram coletadas no decantador da ETA e passaram por um leito de drenagem construído com tubo PVC, manta geotérmica e brita. Foram analisados o volume inicial e final do lodo, cor, pH, teor total de sólidos, turbidez, teor de alumínio e o tempo total de secagem do lodo. Os resultados mostraram a diminuição do volume de lodo com recuperação de 98% da água e retenção de 99,91% dos sólidos totais no leito com torta colmatada. A água drenada apresentou redução de 99,36% na turbidez, 0,05 mg/L de alumínio, melhoria na cor e pH=6-7.
Palavras-chave: Desaguamento de lodo; leito de drenagem; recuperação de água; redução de volume de lodo.
Several epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies in recent decades have shown the relationship between exposure to stressors during development and health outcomes later in life. The ...characterization of these susceptible phases, such as preconception, gestation, lactation and adolescence, and the understanding of factors that influence the risk of an adult individual for developing obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is the focus of the DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) research line. In this sense, advancements in molecular biology techniques have contributed significantly to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypes, their morphological and physiological alterations, having as a main driving factor the epigenetic modifications and their consequent modulation of gene expression. The present narrative review aimed to characterize the different susceptible phases of development and associated epigenetic modifications, and their implication in the development of non-communicable diseases. Additionally, we provide useful insights into interventions during development to counteract or prevent long-term programming for disease susceptibility.
Building on the legacy of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-I and II), SDSS-III is a program of four spectroscopic surveys on three scientific themes: dark energy and cosmological parameters, the ...history and structure of the Milky Way, and the population of giant planets around other stars. In keeping with SDSS tradition, SDSS-III will provide regular public releases of all its data, beginning with SDSS Data Release 8 (DR8), which was made public in 2011 January and includes SDSS-I and SDSS-II images and spectra reprocessed with the latest pipelines and calibrations produced for the SDSS-III investigations. This paper presents an overview of the four surveys that comprise SDSS-III. The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey will measure redshifts of 1.5 million massive galaxies and Ly Delta *a forest spectra of 150,000 quasars, using the baryon acoustic oscillation feature of large-scale structure to obtain percent-level determinations of the distance scale and Hubble expansion rate at z < 0.7 and at z 2.5. SEGUE-2, an already completed SDSS-III survey that is the continuation of the SDSS-II Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE), measured medium-resolution (R = Delta *l/ Delta *D Delta *l 1800) optical spectra of 118,000 stars in a variety of target categories, probing chemical evolution, stellar kinematics and substructure, and the mass profile of the dark matter halo from the solar neighborhood to distances of 100 kpc. APOGEE, the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment, will obtain high-resolution (R 30,000), high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N >= 100 per resolution element), H-band (1.51 Delta *mm < Delta *l < 1.70 Delta *mm) spectra of 105 evolved, late-type stars, measuring separate abundances for ~15 elements per star and creating the first high-precision spectroscopic survey of all Galactic stellar populations (bulge, bar, disks, halo) with a uniform set of stellar tracers and spectral diagnostics. The Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS) will monitor radial velocities of more than 8000 FGK stars with the sensitivity and cadence (10-40 m s--1, ~24 visits per star) needed to detect giant planets with periods up to two years, providing an unprecedented data set for understanding the formation and dynamical evolution of giant planet systems. As of 2011 January, SDSS-III has obtained spectra of more than 240,000 galaxies, 29,000 z >= 2.2 quasars, and 140,000 stars, including 74,000 velocity measurements of 2580 stars for MARVELS.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the mineral composition of leaves, initial growth, and yield of peach (Prunus persica) tree advanced selections ...grown at a high-planting density. The experiment was carried out between 2012 and 2015 in a randomized complete block design, with a combination of advanced selections of the 'Cascata 1513' and 'Cascata 1067' peach trees and of N fertilization doses (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha-1 N). Green weight after pruning, diameter, and increase of trunk diameter, canopy volume, plant height, branch length, number of buds per centimeter of shoot, chlorophyll index, leaf area, rust incidence, average production, number of fruit, and mass of fruit were evaluated. Genotype affects the vegetative growth and productive performance of peach trees. The application of N to dense peach orchards promotes a greater vegetative growth of the plants and increases the content of the nutrient in leaves. The initial production is affected by N fertilization. The recommendation of N fertilization made to date is insufficient for peach trees at high-density management systems of production.
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada na composição mineral das folhas, no crescimento inicial e na produção inicial de seleções avançadas de pessegueiro (Prunus persica) cultivadas em alta densidade de plantio. O experimento foi conduzido entre 2012 e 2015 em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com a combinação de seleções avançadas de pessegueiro 'Cascata 1513' e 'Cascata 1067' e de doses de adubação nitrogenada (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1 de N). A massa de poda, diâmetro e incremento do diâmetro de tronco, volume de copa, altura de plantas, comprimento de ramos, número de gemas por centímetro de ramo, índice de clorofila, área foliar, incidência de ferrugem, produção média e o número e a massa de frutos foram avaliados. O genótipo influencia o crescimento vegetativo e o desempenho produtivo do pessegueiro. A aplicação de N em pomares adensados promove maior crescimento vegetativo das plantas e aumenta o teor do nutriente nas folhas. A produção inicial é influenciada pela adubação nitrogenada. A recomendação de adubação nitrogenada feita até o presente é insuficiente para pessegueiros conduzidos em sistemas de produção adensada.
The objective of this work is to describe the agreement between body image (BI) and nutritional status (NS) as well as to verify the association of BI and NS with behaviors regarding body weight ...(BRBW) among Brazilian adolescents. In 2009, a random sample of students in 9th year at public and private schools from 26 Brazilian state capitals and Federal District was studied. It was used a self-administered questionnaire with information about BI, BRBW and socioeconomic factors. Weight and height were measured. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between variables and weighted kappa test was used to verify the agreement between NS and BI. Twenty-four percent of the adolescents had excessive weight (EW) and 17.7% considered themselves fat. Almost 2/3 performed some action to weight control and 7% showed extreme behavior for weight control (EBWC). Low agreement between the NS and BI was observed. Nearly half and 27% of those with EW considered themselves as having normal weight and being thin, respectively. Greater proportion of EW adolescents had EBWC when compared with those with normal weight and underweight. The same was observed in relation to BI. Low agreement between EN and BI was observed. Practices for weight control were observed even among individuals with adequate NS.
Resumo Butia yatay é uma palmeira nativa do Rio Grande do Sul que encontra-se em risco de extinção. Sua propagação é realizada por via sexuada, porém a germinação por sementes é baixa, lenta e ...desuniforme. Objetivou-se estabelecer um protocolo de criopreservação visando a conservação da espécie. Foram testadas concentrações de sacarose em pré-tratamento de embriões antes do congelamento. Embriões de Butia yatay podem ser criopreservados, com subseqüente retomada do crescimento, quando submetidos ao prévio tratamento com sacarose a 0,4 M. Neste estudo, os embriões foram congelados por 10 dias, indicando que o pré-tratamento possibilita a conservação de Butia yatay por longo tempo.
Abstract Butia yatay is a palm tree native of Rio Grande do Sul that is in danger of extinction. Its propagation is carried out sexually, however, the seed germination is low, slow and uneven. Thus, a cryopreservation protocol was established aiming at the conservation of the species. Concentrations of sucrose were tested on embryo pre-treatment before freezing. Butia yatay embryos can be cryopreserved, with subsequent growth recovery, when they are submitted to previous treatment with 0.4 M sucrose. In this study, the embryos were frozen for 10 days, indicating that pretreatment allows the conservation of Butia yatay for a long time.
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