Introduction
B cell activating factor (BAFF) has an important role in normal B cell development. The aberrant expression of BAFF is related with the autoimmune diseases development like Systemic ...Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for promoting self-reactive B cells survival. BAFF functions are exerted through its receptors BAFF-R (BR3), transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are reported to have differential expression on B cells in SLE. Recently, atypical B cells that express CD11c have been associated with SLE because they are prone to develop into antibody-secreting cells, however the relationship with BAFF remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the BAFF system expression on CXCR5
-
CD11c
+
atypical B cell subsets double negative 2 (DN2), activated naïve (aNAV), switched memory (SWM) and unswitched memory (USM) B cells.
Methods
Forty-five SLE patients and 15 healthy subjects (HS) were included. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of the receptors in the B cell subpopulations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the soluble levels of BAFF (sBAFF) and IL-21.
Results
We found increased frequency of CXCR5
-
CD11c
+
atypical B cell subpopulations DN2, aNAV, SWM and USM B cells in SLE patients compared to HS. SLE patients had increased expression of membrane BAFF (mBAFF) and BCMA receptor in classic B cell subsets (DN, NAV, SWM and USM). Also, the CXCR5
+
CD11c
-
DN1, resting naïve (rNAV), SWM and USM B cell subsets showed higher mBAFF expression in SLE. CXCR5
-
CD11c
+
atypical B cell subpopulations DN2, SWM and USM B cells showed strong correlations with the expression of BAFF receptors. The atypical B cells DN2 in SLE showed significant decreased expression of TACI, which correlated with higher IL-21 levels. Also, lower expression of TACI in atypical B cell DN2 was associated with high disease activity.
Discussion
These results suggest a participation of the BAFF system in CXCR5
-
CD11c
+
atypical B cell subsets in SLE patients. Decreased TACI expression on atypical B cells DN2 correlated with high disease activity in SLE patients supporting the immunoregulatory role of TACI in autoimmunity.
Aim
The aim of this case‐control study was to evaluate the association between the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (−871 C > T) polymorphism and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) in apical periodontitis (AP) patients.
...Methodology
Two hundred and sixty one healthy subjects (HS) and 158 patients with AP classified as: 46 acute apical abscess (AAA), 81 primary AP (pAP) and 31 secondary AP (sAP) patients were included. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from peripheral blood cells according to the salting out method. The TNFSF13B rs9514828 (NC_000013.11:g.108269025C > T) were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Serum sBAFF levels were measured by ELISA test. The chi‐squared or Fisher's exact test was performed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the risk of AP associated with the rs9514828. The Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis were used for non‐normally distributed data. Differences were considered significant with a p‐value <.05.
Results
No differences in the genotype/allele frequencies were shown between HS and patients with AAA. However, the TT genotype (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.10–6.53; p = .025) and T allele (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00–2.12; p = .045) were associated with increased risk of pAP. In contrast, the minor allele T significantly decreased the risk of sAP (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.024–0.99; p = .043). sBAFF serum levels were increased in AAA and pAP compared with HS (p < .01 and p = .021, respectively). The AAA patients had higher sBAFF serum levels than pAP (p = .034) and sAP (p < .01).
Conclusions
These results suggest that the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (−871 C > T) polymorphism is associated with pAP susceptibility and that BAFF is a cytokine that might be involved in acute and chronic AP. The future exploration of the rs9514828 polymorphism in other AP cohorts is recommended.
Background
The increased expression of B cell‐activating factor (BAFF) has been linked to autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases (ADs). The aim of this study was to investigate the ...association among TNFSF13B gene (OMIM: 603969) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), TNFSF13B mRNA, and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The diagnostic value of sBAFF also was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic or receptor (ROC) curves.
Methods
Genotypes of the TNFSF13B rs9514827 (−2841 T > C), rs1041569 (−2701 A > T) and rs9514828 (−871 C > T) SNPs were determined by PCR‐RFLP assay. TNFSF13B mRNA and sBAFF expression were performed by RT‐qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The study included 320 RA patients, 101 pSS patients, and 309 healthy subjects (HS).
Results
The rs9514828 T allele and the TAT haplotype were associated with an increased risk to develop RA. In both ADs, the TNFSF13B mRNA levels were increased in comparison with HS. The rs9514828 (−871 C > T) polymorphism was associated with increased gene expression in RA patients. Also, sBAFF levels were higher in both ADs, however pSS patients showed the highest sBAFF levels. sBAFF showed higher diagnostic performance for pSS with an AUC of 0.968, with a similar accuracy of anti‐SSA/Ro antibody diagnosis (AUC = 0.974).
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (−871 C > T) polymorphism is a risk factor for RA in the western Mexican population. sBAFF levels may be a potential diagnosis biomarker in pSS.
TNFSF13B rs9514828 polymorphism is a risk factor for RA in western Mexican population. sBAFF levels are increased in RA and pSS patients. sBAFF showed higher diagnostic performance for pSS with AUC of 0.968, with similar accuracy of anti‐SSA/Ro antibody diagnosis.
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and diverse tissue and organ inflammatory affections. Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is ...implicated in B cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, class switching, and immunoglobulin production; therefore, it is considered a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, its association with disease activity and clinical phenotypes remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association of IL-21 levels with the disease activity and clinical phenotypes in patients with SLE. Also, we analyzed the IL21 polymorphisms associated with increased IL-21 levels. Methods: The IL-21 serum levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The rs2221903 and rs2055979 polymorphisms were assessed in 300 healthy controls (HCs) and 300 patients with SLE by the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The levels of IL-21 were monitored during follow-up visits in 59 patients with SLE. Results: The patients with SLE showed higher IL-21 levels compared to the HCs. The IL-21 levels did not correlate with Mex-SLEDAI and were not different in patients with inactive, mild–moderate, and severe disease. The IL-21 levels were increased in patients with hematological affection. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the IL-21 levels had good predictive power in discriminating among patients with SLE and HCs. In a follow-up analysis, the levels of IL-21 remained higher in the patients with SLE even when the patients were in remission. Also, the rs2221903 polymorphism was associated with increased IL-21 levels. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of IL-21 as a key cytokine in SLE. IL-21 levels are higher in patients with SLE and remain increased regardless of disease activity. According to the ROC analysis, IL-21 is a potential biomarker of SLE. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the relationship between IL-21 and the clinical phenotypes of SLE.
Prática clínica endodôntica e o vírus Monkeypox Cruz, Alvaro; Sánchez, Claudia A. Palafox; Estrela, Cynthia R. A. ...
Dental press endodontics,
12/2022, Volume:
12, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Introdução: O atual surto global do vírus Monkeypox (VMP) trouxe alguma incerteza entre os dentistas, devido às escassas e muito recentes informações sobre possíveis infeções cruzadas na prática ...clínica. Objetivos: O presente estudo relata uma atualização sobre as informações de interesse odontológico mais relevantes sobre esse surto infeccioso, para entender sua origem, vias de transmissão, sinais e sintomas característicos, imunização e sua prevenção. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca nos guias oficiais sobre VMP no México, Estados Unidos da América (EUA), Europa e Brasil. Também foi realizada uma busca na PubMed por artigos com o termo monkeypox, combinado com origem, dados epidemiológicos, sinais e sintomas clínicos, diagnóstico e manejo clínico. Foram selecionados aqueles com maior número de citações ou os mais recentes, que explicassem de forma relevante os subtemas supracitados sobre o VMP. Resultados: Foi feito um resumo dos artigos selecionados e das diretrizes oficiais do Ministério da Saúde do México, da PEMEX, bem como dos Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos EUA, Europa e Brasil, e da California Dental Association, apresentando os aspectos relativos à Odontologia. Discussão: A doença causada pelo Monkeypox virus é altamente infecciosa e transmissível. Como apenas os nascidos antes de 1980 receberam a vacina contra a varíola, a porcentagem da população imunizada é baixa, de modo que o surto atual pode sair do controle, se não forem tomadas as medidas adequadas. Conclusões: Como as primeiras manifestações do VMP ocorrem na boca, os dentistas podem detectar os casos iniciais e ajudar a interromper a transmissão desse vírus. É obrigatório que protocolos rigorosos sejam seguidos no atendimento odontológico, para evitar infecções cruzadas.
