The majority of countries in the world are experiencing the growing number of two-wheeled motor vehicles (motorcycles, L3 category vehicles etc.). In view of this, the number of victims and badly ...wounded persons is considerably increasing. Most part of road accidents is the result of certain circumstances which are forming the whole complex of causes and consequences. Determination of actual cause and contributary circumstances which occurred during the road accident is considered to be one of most important tasks regarding road traffic safety. Shortcomings commonly found in traditional methodology of calculating the motorcycle’s "while braking" speed which was developed in 1960-s and is still being used in Russian Federation lie in the fact that motorcycle speed is calculated with reference to skid marks; as a result, calculated speed often becomes "under-estimated". Experience has shown that at the moment of brakes application actual speed of motorcycles is higher than estimated because experts are using the predeterminedly under-estimated, averaged values (i) of steady state deceleration and (ii) of steady state deceleration build-up time. Contact-trace coupling of volume-penetrating nature, i.e. collision (mostly of frontal-cross nature), is causing motorcycle wheel fork deformation which results in wheel-base change. This is accompanied by kinetic energy expenditure for motorcycle deformation (including opposite vehicle deformation) which factor is commonly neglected during collision speed calculation. Most part of kinetic energy contained in the vehicle prior to collision with the barrier is transformed into plastic strain energy while the minority thereof, due to rebound strain, is again transformed into kinetic energy whose reserve is causing the vehicle to be repelled from the barrier. Authors have analyzed experiments during which motorcycles were colliding with non-deformable barriers and scrutinized the problems which were occurring while calculating the speed of two-wheeled motor vehicles during road accident.
Introduction: This study proves that the procedure of inspecting road traffic accident black spots (RTA BS) needs improvement. This improvement is to involve the tools and insights associated with ...the targeted program approach, as well as a road infrastructure indicator system, and information technology tools. The creation of a road infrastructure indicator system and its comprehensive application, coupled with analytical methods and accident prediction system methods, enables the assessment of measures aimed at reducing the number of RTAs. Accounting for information technology tools and systems (such as the digital traffic safety inquiries desk) is also necessary if traffic safety is to be organized and maintained in a systemic way. Purpose of the study: The study is aimed at finding a new approach to improving the procedure of inspecting RTA black spots. Methods: In the course of the study, we use systemic analysis, analytical methods, traffic safety evaluation based on defining the safety and accident coefficients and revealing RTA black spots, probability theory methods, research results processing, and IT computational methods. Results: We provide a rationale for a comprehensive approach to inspecting RTA black spots within the “traffic participant – vehicle – road – external environment” system. We also demonstrate how a group of parameters can be used for studying the systemic indicators of road infrastructure, in the context of the parameters’ characteristics, as well as the conditions of their use. We determine the capabilities of analytical methods, as well as accident prediction methods, in the context of finding an approach to improving the procedure of inspecting RTA black spots. We propose applying a comprehensive approach to the improvement of the RTA BS inspection procedure.
Forecasting of road accident in the DVRE system Kurakina, Elena; Evtiukov, Sergei; Rajczyk, Jaroslaw
Transportation research procedia (Online),
2018, 2018-00-00, Volume:
36
Journal Article
Open access
Methods of forecasting of road accidents in the Driver – Vehicle – Road – Environment (DVRE) system are suggested. The statistical method of forecasting made it possible to evaluate the influence of ...various factors on the accident rate, resulting in evaluation of efficiency of the proposed measures to improve road safety. The visual method of conflict situations enabled obtaining information on the interaction of the state parameters of subsystems. The methods of potential danger allowed obtaining actual and predicted factors of road accident risks and fatalities in road accidents on the road section under study. The changes in accident rates after implementation of road safety measures have been assessed. An integrated approach to efficient examination of places of concentration of road traffic accidents with account of methods of accident prediction is offered.
Introduction: To study road infrastructure and ensure control over its changes during its use, it is required to introduce a concept of indicator, which is a parameter or characteristic of road ...infrastructure facilities’ state. Studies on road infrastructure indicators are aimed at traffic safety increase, improvement of a system for road accident forecasting. The authors apply a system for the accounting of road infrastructure facilities’ characteristics, set during the design and construction of roads, to forecast road accidents. Purpose of the study: The authors develop an approach to studying the influence of systemic indicators of road infrastructure at accident clusters on traffic safety. Methods: During the study, such methods as system analysis, extrapolation method, method of forecasting with account for seasonality, and method of repetition were used. Results: The authors analyzed statistical data on the road accident rate and identified significant systemic indicators of road infrastructure to assess the efficiency of road and construction measures aimed at traffic safety assurance. They formed groups of indicators in the system of their parametric characteristics and determined conditions of their use to study systemic indicators of road infrastructure. They also determined the capabilities of methods used to forecast the road accident rate to develop an algorithm to analyze road infrastructure at accident clusters. The authors also developed such an algorithm to analyze road infrastructure at accident clusters.
The article examines the accident rate statistics on the roads of the Russian Federation, analysis of which provides the basis for posing the issue of improving the quality of expert study of road ...traffic accidents. The theory of the finite element method is studied and an algorithm for simulating road traffic accidents is proposed, which is based on the analysis of deformation damage to a vehicle and calculation by finite element method. The proposed algorithm is used to calculate the vehicle speed during frontal impact with an undeformable obstacle. The result is verified by calculating the fraction of kinetic energy expenditure (ΔЕ) for development of deformations and the speed equivalent to this expenditure by “Crash3” algorithm. The analysis of the obtained data showed high efficiency of the algorithm proposed by the authors.
During the last decades, designs of two-wheel motor vehicles (TWMV) have been significantly improved, which is why it is required to bring the analytical tools used to estimate their braking ...parameters in line with those designs. However, the current expert analysis practice applied to motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) still uses for calculations the values of deceleration time and steady state deceleration for old, domestically manufactured motorcycles which are today rarely used for travel. Both these circumstances require processing, clarification and establishing an updated basis of TWMV deceleration estimate in order to enhance credibility of such estimate used in expert examination of MVAs, i.e. to ascertain the drivers’ compliance or non-compliance with traffic regulations, to justify causes of accidents, to determine whether the driver could or could not have prevented a particular MVA.
Advanced mathematical and static methods of processing of the results of experimental studies, comparison of the obtained data with the works of authors investigating traffic safety, analysis, ...reconstruction and investigation of road traffic accidents, as well as expert analysis helped to identify the most relevant parameters of the vehicle condition and the road environment necessary for automobile technical expert evaluation (e.g. the friction coefficient, vehicle braking performance under different loads on all categories of roads with different types of road surface, roughness, wheel tracking, hydraulic roughness) and to obtain their actual values that are important for expert studies; and that was proved by experiments. The developed method of reconstruction and investigation of accidents implies calculation of state parameters of the vehicle and the road environment on the basis of the type of the investigated accident and geometric characteristics of the accident place.
Russia ranks first among countries of Europe and North America as to fatal road accidents per 100,000 residents. The share of road accidents in the Russian Federation due to operation of ...malfunctioning vehicles is 3.6% of the total number of road accidents, and it still remains high as compared to European countries. Therefore, relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to take urgent measures for reduction of the number of road accidents occurring due to poor technical condition of vehicles. Reduction of the number of road accidents for this reason is possible by enhancing the operational reliability of vehicles.
The purpose of the study is to develop a method for quantitative assessment of the vehicle reliability influence on traffic safety. The method is based on an analysis of the vehicle as a complex technical system, its structural elements having the greatest impact on traffic safety. The method includes calculation of time between failures and time for restoration of subsystems, assemblies and parts, as well as calculation of the probability of failure-free operation. As a result of method application, recommendations to replacement intervals of vehicle elements depending on the required probability of failure-free operation are provided.
Key findings are the following. The described method allows assessing the actual reliability of a vehicle and contribution of its individual elements to it. In order to control the reliability by maintenance tools, the method allows determining replacement intervals for vehicle elements depending on the required probability of failure-free operation.
The article presents the methodology of the traffic safety evaluation on the Saint Petersburg Ring Road, based on the analysis of the statistical data on road traffic accidents (RTAs) over a period ...of 2013–2015. The evaluation results are presented in the form of the identified places of RTA concentration with the indication of their most characteristic types and severity of consequences. Recommendations on expediency of use of unmanned aerial vehicles for traffic monitoring on the Ring Road are given. An approach to substantiation of the arrangement of maintenance points for unmanned aerial vehicles is described; the recommended layout of posts for maintenance of unmanned aerial vehicles on the Saint Petersburg Ring Road is presented.
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