Pyroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Arachidonic acid (AA) is widely involved in ...inflammatory pathological processes. However, the effect and mechanism of DHA and AA on pyroptosis in Kupffer cells are poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that DHA and AA ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Kupffer cells pyroptosis by reversing the increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome complex, GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18, and PI-stained positive rate. Next, the study revealed that GPR120 silencing eliminated the anti-pyroptosis of DHA and AA in LPS-induced Kupffer cells, suggesting that DHA and AA exerted their effect through GPR120 signaling. Importantly, GPR120 endocytose and binds to NLRP3 under LPS stimulation. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation showed that DHA and AA promoted the interaction between GPR120 and NLRP3 in LPS-exposed Kupffer cells, thus inhibiting the self-assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Finally, the study verified that DHA and AA alleviated hepatic injury through inhibiting Kupffer cells pyroptosis in vivo. The findings indicated that DHA and AA alleviated LPS-induced Kupffer cells pyroptosis via GPR120 interaction with NLRP3, it might become a potential therapeutic approach hepatic injury.
The
(GAI\RGA\SCL) gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in plant growth and development, stress tolerance, and hormone network regulation. Plant dwarfing ...symptom is mainly regulated by DELLA proteins of the
gene subfamily. In this study, the association between the
gene family and Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) was investigated. A total of 79
genes were identified using bioinformatics methods and categorized into 11 groups based on amino acid sequences. Tandem duplication and fragment duplication were found to be the main modes of amplification of the
gene family. Gene structure analysis showed that more than 72.1% of the
had no introns. The genes
also contained unique DELLA structural domains; only
, which showed significant response to PaWB phytoplasma infection in stems, showed significant tissue specificity and responded to gibberellin (GA3) in PaWB-infected plants. We found that the internodes were significantly elongated under 100 µmol·L
GA3 treatment for 30 days. The subcellular localization analysis indicated that
is located in the nucleus and cell membrane. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays confirmed that PfGRAS12 interacted with PfJAZ3 in the nucleus. Our results will lay a foundation for further research on the functions of the
gene family and for genetic improvement and breeding of PaWB-resistant trees.
The typical symptom of Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB), caused by phytoplasma infection, is excessive branching, which is mainly triggered by auxin metabolism disorder.
is the early auxin-responsive ...gene that participates in regulating plant morphogenesis such as apical dominance, stem elongation, lateral branch development, and lateral root formation. However, no studies have investigated the response of the
gene family to phytoplasma infection in
. In this study, a total of 62
genes were found in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that
genes could be divided into eight subgroups, which were formed by tandem duplication and fragment replication. Most of them had a simple gene structure, and several members lacked one or two conserved domains. By combining the expression of
genes under phytoplasma stress and SA-treated phytoplasma-infected seedlings, we found that
may play a vital role in the occurrence of PaWB. Functional analysis based on homologous relationships showed a strong correlation between
and branching. Protein-protein interaction prediction showed that PfARF might be the binding partner of PfAux/IAA, and the yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescent complementary assay confirmed the interaction of PfAux/IAA45 and PfARF13. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the function of the
gene family and exploring the regulatory mechanism of branching symptoms caused by PaWB.
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the adult body and plays an essential role in maintaining heat production for the entire body. Recently, muscle-derived non-shivering thermogenesis ...under cold conditions has received much attention. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine that was shown to influence energy metabolism in the adipose tissue. We used ZAG knock-out (ZAG KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to investigate the effect of ZAG on the lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle upon exposure to a low temperature (6°C) for one week. The results show that cold stress significantly increases the level of lipolysis, energy metabolism, and fat browning-related proteins in the gastrocnemius muscle of WT mice. In contrast, ZAG KO mice did not show any corresponding changes. Increased expression of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) and protein kinase A (PKA) might be involved in the ZAG pathway in mice exposed cold stress. Furthermore, expression of lipolysis-related proteins (ATGL and p-HSL) and energy metabolism-related protein (PGC1α, UCP2, UCP3 and COX1) was significantly enhanced in ZAG KO mice after injection of ZAG-recombinant plasmids. These results indicate that ZAG promotes lipid-related metabolism in the skeletal muscle when the animals are exposed to low temperatures. This finding provides a promising target for the development of new therapeutic approaches to improve skeletal muscle energy metabolism.
Paulownia withes'-broom (PaWB) disease caused by phytoplasma is a serious infectious disease for Paulownia. However, the underlying molecular pathogenesis is not fully understood. Recent studies have ...demonstrated that histone modifications could play a role in plant defense responses to pathogens. But there is still no available genome-wide histone modification data in non-model ligneous species infected with phytoplasma.
Here, we provided the first genome-wide profiles of three histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac) in Paulownia fortunei under phytoplasma stress by using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq). We found that H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac were mainly enriched in the genic regions in P. fortunei with (PFI) and without (PF) phytoplasma infection. ChIP-Seq analysis revealed 1738, 986, and 2577 genes were differentially modified by H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac marks in PFI under phytoplasma infection, respectively. The functional analysis of these genes suggested that most of them were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, the combinational analysis of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq showed that differential histone methylation and acetylation only affected a small subset of phytoplasma-responsive genes.
Taken together, this is the first report of integrated analysis of histone modifications and gene expression involved in Paulownia-phytoplasma interaction. Our results will provide the valuable resources for the mechanism studies of gene regulation in non-model plants upon pathogens attack.
In the current work, a new method is proposed for hot incremental forming. The method is based on simple tooling and is easy to employ. It makes use of electric current for heating hard-to-form sheet ...metals at the tool–sheet interface in order to fully utilize the formability of these materials. The potential effect of processing parameters, namely current, tool size, feed rate and step size, on the formability are investigated using AZ31 magnesium. In addition to this, the shape distortion of TiAl
2Mn
1.5 titanium workpiece after hot forming has also been addressed herein. Experimental results demonstrate that this technique is feasible and easy to control.
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) are important in the regulation of life activities. However, their function is unclear in
. To identify lncRNAs, circRNAs, ...and miRNA, and investigate their roles in the infection progress of Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) disease, we performed RNA sequencing of healthy and infected
. A total of 3126 lncRNAs, 1634 circRNAs, and 550 miRNAs were identified. Among them, 229 lncRNAs, 65 circRNAs, and 65 miRNAs were differentially expressed in a significant manner. We constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, which contains 5 miRNAs, 4 circRNAs, 5 lncRNAs, and 15 mRNAs, all of which were differentially expressed between healthy and infected
This study provides the first catalog of candidate ceRNAs in Paulownia and gives a revealing insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for PaWB.
Firmness and soluble solids content (SSC) of Red Fuji apples were examined by Vis/NIR transmittance to find out factors to be considered in online detection. Four arrangements of light source and ...fruit-orientation were investigated. The wavelength range of 650–920
nm was selected and two types of data pre-processing were used to enhance the precision of calibration models based on partial least square (PLS). The results show the precision of determination can be improved by using second derivate. The best fruit-orientation was the stem–calyx axis was vertical and the fruit surface was illuminated from the upper side. The precision of determination was enhanced by using multi lamps. According to the high grade of apple to export (SSC
⩾
14 °Brix, firmness
⩾
8.0
kg/cm
2), the classifying correctness was 86%. Validation models for SSC and firmness had a
r
2 of 0.9532 and 0.8136, as well as, SEP of 0.3838 and 0.5344, respectively.
In the process of inflammatory activation, macrophages exhibit lipid metabolism disorders and accumulate lipid droplets. Kupffer cells (KCs) are the resident hepatic macrophage with critical defense ...functions in the pathogenesis of several types of liver disease. How dysregulated lipid metabolism contributes to perturbed KCs functions remains elusive. Here we report that glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (GPAT3) plays a key role in KCs inflammation response. Our findings indicate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory activation markedly increased lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation in KCs. This increase could be attributed to significantly up-regulated GPAT3. The loss of GPAT3 function obviously reduced KCs inflammation reaction both in vivo and in vitro, and was accompanied by improved mitochondrial function and decreased production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in turn inhibiting extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway. Overall, this study highlights the role of GPAT3 in inflammatory activation of KCs and could thus be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammation-related liver disease.
In order to investigate the relationship between
137
Cs and soil total carbon (TC) in artificial forests, a study was conducted on
Platycladus orientalis
forest (PO),
Quercus variabilis
forest (QV), ...and abandoned land slope. Results demonstrated that both PO and QV have higher levels of
137
Cs and lower TC stocks compared to the abandoned land slope. There is a significant correlation between
137
Cs and TC in artificial forests, suggesting that
137
Cs can be used as a reliable tracer for TC migration in afforestation areas. However, it is not recommended to use
137
Cs for estimating TC in abandoned land slopes.
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