Bimetallic catalysts have recently emerged as promising candidates for CO
2
reduction. However, it is still critical to strategically synthesize atomically precise bimetallic catalysts and clarify ...the interaction mechanism of bimetal sites. Herein, we connected the active metallic porphyrin and phthalocyanine moieties by the unique benzimidazole linkage to obtain a novel Ni,Co-based bimetallic covalent organic framework (denoted as NiPc-CoPor-imi-COF), for efficient electrocatalytic CO
2
conversion. Compared with its monometallic Ni and Co counterparts, NiPc-CoPor-imi-COF with a synergistic effect exhibited much higher activity and selectivity with a maximum CO faradaic efficiency (FE
CO
) of 97.1%. Mechanistic studies revealed that the efficient charge transport along the COF backbone promoted electronic communication between the bimetallic active sites and enabled regulation of the intrinsic activity of each catalytic center, namely improving the activity of Ni sites by promoting *COOH generation and optimizing the selectivity of Co sites by depressing *H formation, thus ultimately achieving high CO
2
conversion efficiency. This work provides insights into synergistic catalysis with bimetallic sites for efficient CO
2
reduction.
A bimetallic phthalocyanine-porphyrin covalent organic framework with benzimidazole linkage was developed as an efficient CO
2
electrocatalyst. Mechanistic studies clarified that a synergistic effect in the CO
2
reduction thermodynamic pathway.
With the rapid development of information science, it is urgent that memory devices possessing high security, density, and desirable storage ability should be developed. In this work, a smart ...duplicate response of stimuli has been developed and a time-gate nanohybrid based on variable valence Eu2+/Eu3+ coencapsulated has been fabricated and acts as active material in the multilevel and multidimensional memory devices. The luminescence lifetime of Eu3+ in this nanohybrid gave a stimuli response due to which the energy level of the coordinated ligand could be modulated. Furthermore, by a simple sintering procedure, Eu3+ was partially in situ reduced to Eu2+ with a short lifetime in the system. And the in situ reduction ensured both Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions’ uniform distribution in the nanohybrid and simultaneous response upon light excitation of variable valence Eu ions. Interestingly, Eu3+ revealed a prolonged lifetime because of the presence of an energy-transfer effect of Eu2+ → Eu3+. Such a nanohybrid had abundant luminescent properties, including the short lifetime of Eu2+, the energy transfer from the Eu2+ to Eu3+ ions, and the stimuli response of the Eu3+ lifetimes when exposed to acidic or basic vapor, thus giving birth to interesting recording and encryption performance in spatial–temporal dimensions. We believe that this research will point out a new direction for the future development of multilevel and multidimensional optical recording and encryption materials.
Ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD) and least squares linear fitting(LSLF) are applied to estimate the historical trends of surface air temperature(SAT) from observations and Coupled Model ...Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) simulations during the period 1901–2005. The magnitudes of trends estimated by the two approaches are comparable. The trend calculated by the EEMD approach is larger than that by the LSLF approach in most(23/27) of the models during 1901–2005. During the slow warming period, the EEMD trend is smaller than the LSLF trend. The rootmean-square errors(RMSEs) between the raw and reconstructed times series by the LSLF approach are larger than those by the EEMD trend component and multi-decadal variability components during 1901–2005 in most of the models and observations. During 1901–70(or 1971–2005), the RMSEs between the raw and reconstructed times series by LSLF are larger than those by the EEMD trend component. In this sense, the EEMD trend is a better choice to obtain the climate trends in observations and CMIP5 models, especially for short time periods. This is because the trend estimated by LSLF cannot capture the internal variability and the cooling in some years. The estimated global warming rates(trend) are consistently larger(smaller) than those from observations in 11 of 27 CMIP5 models during 1901–2005 in the slow and rapid warming periods. This implies these 11 models have consistent responses to greenhouse gases for any period.
With the rapid development of information science, it is urgent that memory devices possessing high security, density, and desirable storage ability should be developed. In this work, a smart ...duplicate response of stimuli has been developed and a time-gate nanohybrid based on variable valence Eu
/Eu
coencapsulated has been fabricated and acts as active material in the multilevel and multidimensional memory devices. The luminescence lifetime of Eu
in this nanohybrid gave a stimuli response due to which the energy level of the coordinated ligand could be modulated. Furthermore, by a simple sintering procedure, Eu
was partially in situ reduced to Eu
with a short lifetime in the system. And the in situ reduction ensured both Eu
and Eu
ions' uniform distribution in the nanohybrid and simultaneous response upon light excitation of variable valence Eu ions. Interestingly, Eu
revealed a prolonged lifetime because of the presence of an energy-transfer effect of Eu
→ Eu
. Such a nanohybrid had abundant luminescent properties, including the short lifetime of Eu
, the energy transfer from the Eu
to Eu
ions, and the stimuli response of the Eu
lifetimes when exposed to acidic or basic vapor, thus giving birth to interesting recording and encryption performance in spatial-temporal dimensions. We believe that this research will point out a new direction for the future development of multilevel and multidimensional optical recording and encryption materials.
Chinese men should have a higher prostate-specific antigen （PSA） ＂gray zone＂ than the traditional value of 2.5-10.0 ng ml-1 since the incidence of prostate cancer （PCa） in Chinese men is relative ...low. We hypothesized that PSA density （PSAD） could improve the rate of PCa detection in Chinese men with a PSA higher than the traditional PSA ＂gray zone.＂ A total of 461 men with a PSA between 2.5 and 20.0 ng ml-1, who had undergone prostatic biopsy at two Chinese centers were included in the analysis. The men were then further divided into groups with a PSA between 2.5-10.0 ng ml-1 and 10.1-20.0 ng ml-1. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of PSA and PSAD for the diagnosis of PCa. In men with a PSA of 2.5-10.0 ng ml-1 or 10.1-20.0 ng ml-z, the areas under the ROC curve were higher for PSAD than for PSA. This was consistent across both centers and the cohort overall. When the entire cohort was considered, the optimal PSAD cut-off for predicting PCa in men with a PSA of 2.5-10.0 ng m1-1 was 0.15 ng ml-2 ml-2, with a sensitivity of 64.4% and specificity of 64.6%. The optimal cut-off for PSAD in men with a PSA of 10.1-20.0 ng m1-1 was 0.33 ng ml-1 ml-1, with a sensitivity of 60.3% and specificity of 82.7%. PSAD can improve the effectiveness for PCa detection in Chinese men with a PSA of 2.5-10.0 ng ml-1 （traditional Western PSA ＂gray zone＂） and 10.1-20.0 ng ml-2 （Chinese PSA ＂gray zone＂）.
AIM:To compare XELOX and FOLFOX4 as colon cancer adjuvant chemotherapy based on MOSAIC and No.16968 trails from Chinese cost-effectiveness perspective.METHODS:A decision-analytic Markov model was ...developed to compare the FOLFOX4 and XELOX regimens based MOSAIC and No.16968 trial.Five states were included in our Markov model:well(state 1),minor toxicity(state 2),major toxicity(state 3),quitting adjuvant chemotherapy(state 4),and death due to adjuvant chemotherapy(state 5).Transitions among the 5 states were assumed to be Markovian.Costs were calculated from the perspective of the Chinese health-care payer.The utility data were taken from published studies.Sensitivity analyses were used to explore the impact of uncertainty factors in this cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS:Total direct costs of FOLFOX4 and XELOX per patient were$19884.96±4280.30 and$18113.25±3122.20,respectively.The total fees related to adverse events per patient during the entire treatment were$204.75±16.80 for the XELOX group,and$873.72±27.60 for the FOLFOX4 group,and the costs for travel and absenteeism per patient were$18495.00for the XELOX group and$21,352.68 for the FOLFOX4group.The base-case analysis showed that FOLFOX4was estimated to produce an additional 0.06 in quality adjusted life years(QALYs)at an additional cost of$3950.47 when compared to the XELOX regimen over the model time horizon.The cost per QALY gained was$8047.30 in the XELOX group,which was$900.98 less than in the FOLFOX4 group($8948.28).The one way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the utility for the well state and minor toxicity state greatly influenced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of FOLFOX4.CONCLUSION:In term of cost-comparison,XELOX is expected to dominate FOLFOX4 regimes;Therefore,XELOX provides a more cost-effective adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer patients in China.
High-steep slope stability and its optimal excavation design in Shuichang open pit iron mine were analyzed based on a large 3D physical simulation technique. An optimal excavation scheme with a ...relatively steeper slope angle was successfully implemented at the northwest wall between Nos. 4 and 5 exploration lines of Shuichang Iron Mine, taking into account the 3D scale effect. The phys-ico-mechanical properties of rock materials were obtained by laboratory tests conducted on sample cores from exploration drilling directly from the iron mine. A porous rock-like composite material was formed for the model, and the mechanical parameters of the material were assessed experimentally;specifically, the effect of water on the sample was quantitatively determined. We adopted an experimental setup using stiff modular applied static loading to carry out a visual excavation of the slope at a random depth. The setup was equipped with acous-tic emission （AE） sensors, and the experiments were monitored by crack optical acquirement, ground penetrating radar, and close-field pho-togrammetry to investigate the mechanisms of rock-mass destabilization in the high-steep slope. For the complex study area, the model re-sults indicated a clear correlation between the model＇s destabilization resulting from slope excavation and the collected monitoring informa-tion. During the model simulation, the overall angle of the slope increased by 1-6 degrees in different sections. Dramatically, the modeled excavation scheme saved over 80 million tons of rock from extraction, generating enormous economic and ecological benefits.
AIM： To investigate the expression pattern of γ-synuclein in colorectal cancer （CRC） tissues, and to study the effects of γ-synuclein on CRC cell line HCT116 biological features in vitro.METHODS： The ...expression pattern of γ-synuclein was determined in 54 CRC tissues and 30 tumor-matched nonneoplastic adjacent tissues （NNAT） 5 cm away from the tumor via real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR （RT-PCR） and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between γ-synuclein protein expression and clinicopathological factors of CRC tissues was analyzed. Three small interfering RNA （siRNA） targeting γ-synuclein mRNA plasmids were constructed and transfected into the CRC cell line HCT116. The stable cell lines were selected with G-418 for 28 d, and the biological features of these cells were examined by cell growth curve, soft agar assay, and cell migration and invasion assays in vitro. RESULTS： The expression of γ-synuclein mRNA and protein was much higher in CRC tissue samples than in NNAT samples （P = 0.02, P = 0.036）. There was a significant correlation between the γ-synuclein protein expression and clinical stage and lymph node involvement of CRC （P = 0.02, P = 0.033）. In functional analysis we found that down-regulation of γ-synuclein expression in HCT116 cells could inhibit the growth, colony formation rate, and migration and invasion ability of HCT116 cells.CONCLUSION： Increased expression of γ-synuclein in CRC tissues and the biological effects of reduced γ-synuclein expression on HCT116 cells suggest that γ-synuclein may play a positive role in the progression of CRC.
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