We present the implementation of the Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC) initiative at the Petawawa Research Forest (PRF) in Ontario, Canada. The study addresses the urgent need for ...adaptive forest management strategies in response to climate change by examining silvicultural treatments aimed at mitigating its impacts on forest ecosystems. It addresses the complex interplay between climate change projections, regional climate characteristics, and forest management practices for pine dominated forests in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest region of Canada, underscoring the importance of adaptive approaches in sustaining forest ecosystems. We outline the design and objectives of five distinct treatments—control, business-as-usual, resistance, resilience, and transition—implemented over 4 replicate blocks on a 212-ha area at the PRF. We provide detailed descriptions of each treatment’s management objectives, desired future conditions, and silvicultural strategies. We conclude by summarizing planned research efforts, including seedling survival assessments, phenological monitoring, and measuring treatment impact on fuel loads. By addressing the challenges and opportunities of climate change as part of an international research network, this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of forest ecosystem responses to climate change and inform adaptive management strategies for sustainable forest management.
We report on a 60-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) spacing trial experiment located in Ontario, Canada, that included the combinations between six initial spacings (from 1.2 to 3.0 m) and the ...presence or absence of a commercial thinning (CT) regime, as well as their impacts on quadratic mean diameter (QMD) and stand volume yield. The CT regime, initiated at age 30, targeted a residual basal area (BA) of 38 m
2
·ha
−1
after each of four entries. Without thinning, as initial spacing increased, QMD increased; gross and net volume production peaked in the 2.1–2.4 m spacings. With thinning, similar trends with spacing were evident for QMD, although piece sizes were larger and differences between spacings were lower. The immediate increase of mean tree size caused by tree selection explained most of the differences in QMD between thinned and unthinned plots. Thinning to a common target BA resulted in similar standing volume across spacings. Cumulative gross yield was similar between spacings of <2.1 m for both thinned and unthinned stands and decreased for thinned plots for wider spacings. Greater net volume production in thinned stands with the narrower spacings confirmed that mortality was captured. Lower gross and net production for wider spacings suggested that thinning resulted in underutilized growing space.
We report on a 60-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) spacing trial experiment located in Ontario, Canada, that included the combinations between six initial spacings (from 1.2 to 3.0 m) and the ...presence or absence of a commercial thinning (CT) regime, as well as their impacts on quadratic mean diameter (QMD) and stand volume yield. The CT regime, initiated at age 30, targeted a residual basal area (BA) of 38 m.sup.2 * ha.sup.-1 after each of four entries. Without thinning, as initial spacing increased, QMD increased; gross and net volume production peaked in the 2.1-2.4 m spacings. With thinning, similar trends with spacing were evident for QMD, although piece sizes were larger and differences between spacings were lower. The immediate increase of mean tree size caused by tree selection explained most of the differences in QMD between thinned and unthinned plots. Thinning to a common target BA resulted in similar standing volume across spacings. Cumulative gross yield was similar between spacings of <2.1 m for both thinned and unthinned stands and decreased for thinned plots for wider spacings. Greater net volume production in thinned stands with the narrower spacings confirmed that mortality was captured. Lower gross and net production for wider spacings suggested that thinning resulted in underutilized growing space.
Accurate estimates of the amount of biomass that can be recovered at the roadside are needed to make informed decisions about whether to implement an increased utilization harvesting system to supply ...additional bioenergy feedstocks. Current estimates of recovery are based on total aboveground biomass equations that do not always account for the volume lost to the unharvested stumps or to tops and branches broken during forestry operations. The study took place in a white pine (Pinus strobus L.) mixedwood forest at the Petawawa Research Forest in central Ontario. Equations to describe recoverable biomass were developed from 371 cut and skidded trees, which ranged from 3 to 24 cm in diameter at breast height, across six species. For each species and diameter size class, we evaluated the difference between estimates produced by locally developed equations and those from published equations produced for other locations and forest types. Our recovered biomass estimates were generally higher than the Canadian national averages but within the observed range of published values from across North America. We report that small trees are recovered nearly in their entirety, with little breakage and loss during operations. The high degree of variability among estimates produced by the various equations poses one of the biggest challenges in accurately estimating roadside biomass in an operational setting.
Accurate estimates of the amount of biomass that can be recovered at the roadside are needed to make informed decisions about whether to implement an increased utilization harvesting system to supply ...additional bioenergy feedstocks. Current estimates of recovery are based on total aboveground biomass equations that do not always account for the volume lost to the unharvested stumps or to tops and branches broken during forestry operations. The study took place in a white pine (Pinus strobus L.) mixedwood forest at the Petawawa Research Forest in central Ontario. Equations to describe recoverable biomass were developed from 371 cut and skidded trees, which ranged from 3 to 24 cm in diameter at breast height, across six species. For each species and diameter size class, we evaluated the difference between estimates produced by locally developed equations and those from published equations produced for other locations and forest types. Our recovered biomass estimates were generally higher than the Canadian national averages but within the observed range of published values from across North America. We report that small trees are recovered nearly in their entirety, with little breakage and loss during operations. The high degree of variability among estimates produced by the various equations poses one of the biggest challenges in accurately estimating roadside biomass in an operational setting.
Escapes From Correctional Custody Peterson, Bryce Elling; Fera, Adam; Mellow, Jeff
The Prison journal (Philadelphia, Pa.),
09/2016, Volume:
96, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Despite a shared interest in escapes from correctional custody by policy makers, facility administrators, media, and the public, there is a dearth of empirical research on this event. Our study ...synthesizes prior research, distinguishing between inmate-, incident-, and facility-level variables. We introduce the Correctional Incident Database, which employs a novel approach for collecting escape data. Finally, we describe a sample of 611 inmates involved in 503 escape incidents from 398 facilities. Our findings indicate that escapes from jail are a frequent, yet overlooked, phenomenon. The results also challenge the (mis)perception that escapes are often sensational and violent events.
PDF
