To determine the feasibility and effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with Parkinson's and their effect on symptom modification and progression. We conducted this ...systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). All studies were searched in seven databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and SCOPUS in September 2020 and updated in June 2023. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. We used standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and random effects models, as well as the non-parametric Cochran's Q test and I.sup.2 inconsistency test to assess heterogeneity. A total of 15 randomized clinical trials with 654 participants (mean age, 65.4 years). The majority of studies included high intensity training interventions versus moderate intensity, usual care, or control group. The meta-analysis comparing high-intensity exercise versus control group showed an improvement in the disease severity (MD = -4.80 95%CI, -6.38; -3.21 high evidence certainty); maximum oxygen consumption (MD = 1.81 95%CI, 0.36; 3.27 very low evidence certainty) and quality of life (MD = -0.54 95%CI, -0.94; -0.13 moderate evidence certainty). The results showed that high-intensity exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise group showed a improve motor function and functional mobility measured by the TUG test (MD = -0.38 95%CI, -0.91; 0.16 moderate evidence certainty) with moderate heterogeneity between studies. High-intensity exercise performed in both continuous and interval modes when compared with control groups may provide motor function benefits for individuals with Parkinson's disease. HIIT may be feasible, but the intensity of the exercise may influence individuals with Parkinson's disease. However, there was a lack of evidence comparing high intensity and moderate intensity for this population, as the results showed heterogeneity.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of regular post-exercise cold water immersion (CWI) on intramuscular markers of cellular stress response and signaling molecules related to mitochondria ...biogenesis and exercise performance after 4 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT). Seventeen healthy subjects were allocated into two groups: control (CON, n=9) or CWI (n=8). Each HIIT session consisted of 8-12 cycling exercise stimuli (90-110 % of peak power) for 60 s followed by 75 s of active recovery three times per week, for 4 weeks (12 HIIT sessions). After each HIIT session, the CWI had their lower limbs immersed in cold water (10 °C) for 15 min and the CON recovered at room temperature. Exercise performance was evaluated before and after HIIT by a 15-km cycling time trial. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained pre and 72h post training. Samples were analyzed for heat shock protein 72 kDa (Hsp72), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) assessed by western blot. In addition, the mRNA expression of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 and 2 (NRF1 and 2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK2) and enzymes citrate synthase (CS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK4) were assessed by real-time PCR. Time to complete the 15-km cycling time trial was reduced with training (p<0.001), but was not different between groups (p=0.33). The Hsp72 (p=0.01), p38 MAPK, and AMPK (p=0.04) contents increased with training, but were not different between groups (p>0.05). No differences were observed with training or condition for mRNA expression of PGC-1α (p=0.31), CPT1 (p=0.14), CS (p=0.44), and NRF-2 (p=0.82). However, HFS-1 (p=0.007), PDK4 (p=0.03), and Tfam (p=0.03) mRNA were higher in CWI. NRF-1 decrease in both groups after training (p=0.006). CaMK2 decreased with HIIT (p=0.003) but it was not affected by CWI (p=0.99). Cold water immersion does not alter HIIT-induced Hsp72, AMPK, p38 MAPK and exercise performance but was able to increase some markers of cellular stress response and signaling molecules related to mitochondria biogenesis.
Mechanisms accounting for sex-related differences in the sweat response remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we focused on differences in sweat gland cholinergic sensitivity between males ...and females. Since, males usually possess higher aerobic capacity than females, we investigated sweating in males and females grouped according to aerobic capacity
. Forty-four subjects were assigned to four groups: males with higher (MH) and lower (ML), and females with higher (FH) and lower (FL)
Forearm sweating was induced by iontophoretic administration (1.5 mA, 60 μA cm
−2
, 5 min) of pure water or varying concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride (0.125, 0.250, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%). Local sweat rate (absorbent paper) and the number of activated sweat glands (iodine impregnated paper) were computed. Maximal pilocarpine-induced sweat rate (SR
max
) and the pilocarpine concentration which elicited 50% of maximal sweating response (
K
m
) were calculated. Sweat rate and active gland density increased in response to greater doses of pilocarpine (
p
< 0.05). Inter-group differences were evident: SR
max
was greatest for MH and lowest for FL (
p
< 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between ML and FH (
p
= 0.24). Higher SR
max
were observed, within-sex, for those with greater aerobic capacity (
p
< 0.05). Furthermore, males’
K
m
values were higher than females’, indicating greater sweat gland affinity for pilocarpine even for groups having similar aerobic capacity (
p
< 0.05). In summary, we confirmed that the human sudomotor response is affected by aerobic capacity but, also, that sex-related differences in sweat gland cholinergic sensitivity exist and are not necessarily associated with the typical differences in
observed between sexes.
The establishment of physical training programs for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has several benefits. The study aimed to analyze the effect of resistance training using prediction of ...intensity by subjective perception of effort (SPE) on body composition, muscle strength, and TCD4+ lymphocyte levels in PLWHA. This a randomized controlled trial study. Participants (11 men and 8 women), were divided in two groups: exercise group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG was submitted to 12 weeks of a resistance-training program based in the prediction of intensity by SPE. Body mass percentages were evaluated using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance and skinfold methods. We used Flow Cytometry to quantify CD4+ T lymphocytes. Patients showed significant changes in Body Fat Percentage (Δ%=-6.23%), Lean Body Mass (Δ%=2.45%), and CD4T lymphocytes levels (Δ%=15.77%). They also showed significant increase in muscular strength presented in the test for one repetition maximum in all the evaluated exercises. Our data suggest that exercising program prescribed by SPE is capable of improving immune function, body composition, and muscular strength in PLWHA.
Reproducibility of an endurance test for master swimmers Silva, Ezequiel Soares da; Silva, Francivaldo Santos da; Fonseca, Ivana Alice Teixeira ...
Motriz : Revista de Educação Física. Unesp,
2022, Volume:
28
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the reproducibility of an endurance test for master swimmers. Methods: Seventeen male swimmers, aged from 30 to 50 years (35.06 ± 5.36), weight (78.71 ± 13.06 ...kg), height (174.35 ± 0.07 cm), participated in this study. The participants underwent the Progressive Swim Test (PSwT), which corresponds to swimming progressively to exhaustion in a 25-meter pool, guided by the recording of sound signals indicating the swimming rhythm. We verified the following variables: heart rate before the test (BHR) and right after the end of the test (AHR), followed by the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and a total of laps performed (SN - swimming number). For comparison between the three days of tests, the one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's Post-Hoc was performed. Relative reproducibility was performed by the r test and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Absolute reproducibility was determined using the coefficient of variation (CV) and the confidence interval (CI). Results: The results showed high reproducibility in (PSwT) in master swimmers in the analyzed variables of intergroup and intragroup with relative reproducibility of r > 0.60 and ICC > 0.70 and absolute reproducibility with CI 95% (lower −1.10 and upper 0.99) and CV < 10%. Most of the cases were within the limits of agreement of the Bland-Altman tests, all variables were considered a level of significance with (p <0.05). Conclusion: The Progressive Swim Test (PSwT) is a reproducible instrument in the assessment of endurance in master swimmers.
This study examined physiological variables of animals fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or with a normal diet (ND) subjected to swimming at low and moderate level. Over 16 weeks, a group of animals was ...fed with HFD or ND, and at the 8 weeks, they started swimming with 50% or 80% of the maximum load achieved in the progressive work test. Weekly, body weight and the amount of ingested food were registered. The gly-cemic level was measured at the beginning, middle and at the end of the experiment. Adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscles and hearts were collected for morphometry. The results showed that the animals fed an HFD had a minor caloric intake; however, the HFD increased body weight and adiposity, likely causing cardiac hypertrophy and an increase in the glycemic level. In this context, swimming with an 80% load contributed positively to weight control, adiposity, glycemic level, to control cardiac hypertrophy and induce hypertrophy in the gastroc-nemius muscle. All parameters assessed showed better results for the ND animals. Therefore, the importance of fat consumption was empha-sized in relation to obesity onset. The practice of swimming with an 80% load produced greater benefits than swimming with a 50% load for overweight treatment.
► Caudal artery denervation slows down cutaneous heat loss during heat exposure. ► Caudal artery denervation decreases the temperature variability of tail skin. ► The variability of the core ...temperature is not altered by caudal artery denervation. ► No signs of reinnervation were observed 30 days after caudal artery denervation. ► Sympathetic innervation provides fine-tuned control over cutaneous heat loss.
The present study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of caudal artery sympathectomy on thermoregulatory adjustments induced by passive heating. Male Wistar rats were subjected to two surgical procedures: caudal artery denervation (CAD) or sham surgery (Sham-CAD) and intraperitoneal implantation of a temperature sensor. On the day of the experiments, the animals were exposed to an ambient temperature of 36°C for 60min or allowed to rest under thermoneutral conditions (26°C). During the experiments, the tail skin temperature (Tskin) and the core body temperature (Tcore) were measured. Under thermoneutral conditions, although sympathetic denervation did not change the average values of Tcore and Tskin, CAD rats exhibited decreased Tskin variability compared with Sham-CAD rats (0.020±0.005°C vs. 0.031±0.005°C; P=0.024). During heat exposure, no differences were observed in the Tcore between the groups. In contrast, although peak Tskin values were not affected by chronic sympathectomy of the caudal artery, CAD animals showed a delayed increase in Tskin; the time until the stabilization of Tskin was three-fold longer in CAD rats than in Sham-CAD rats (15.3±2.5min vs. 4.9±0.6min; P=0.001). In conclusion, chronic sympathectomy of the caudal artery delays cutaneous heat loss during passive heating and decreases Tskin variability under thermoneutral conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that the sympathetic innervation of cutaneous vessels is essential for the precise regulation of tail heat loss.
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, mainly affecting children, young adults, and the elderly. It is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis, exhibiting low survival rates ...even with standard treatment. Recently, circular RNA molecules capable of influencing gene expression through various functions, with their main role being acting as microRNA sponges and reducing their intracellular expression, have been identified. Recent studies have linked circular RNAs to osteosarcoma development and progression. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the alteration in circular RNA expression during osteosarcoma development and progression.
An integrative literature review was conducted from September 10th to November 12th, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, OVID, and EMBASE. 129 full articles were included in the review. The obtained data were organized using a standardized data collection instrument, which included the following information: altered expression profile of circular RNAs, associated cancer hallmarks, clinical-pathological relationships of circular RNAs, and perspectives on the studied circular RNAs.
A total of 94 distinct circular RNAs were identified, predominantly showing an increased expression pattern. Approximately 91% of the studies that aimed to identify the mechanisms of action of circular RNAs highlighted the function of circular RNAs as microRNA sponges. The most associated cancer hallmarks with the identified circular RNAs were proliferative signaling induction, invasion and metastasis, and resistance to cell death. The altered expression of these circular RNAs generally correlated with a worse prognosis for patients, as evidenced by clinical features such as shorter survival, advanced Enneking and/or TNM stage, higher incidence of metastasis, larger tumor size, and increased chemoresistance.
These findings indicate the significance of circular RNA molecules in osteosarcoma carcinogenesis, suggesting their potential as new prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers, as well as alternative therapeutic targets in the fight against osteosarcoma.
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