A operação e a gestão efetivas de um aterro sanitário são essenciais para que os resíduos sólidos encaminhados sejam adequadamente acomodados na fase de destinação final, priorizando-se, com isso, a ...proteção à saúde pública e ao meio ambiente. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho pretende avaliar, tecnicamente, a acomodação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em um determinado aterro sanitário situado em um município de pequeno porte no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A avaliação será realizada por meio do índice de qualidade de resíduos (IQR-V), de acordo com a metodologia implementada pela Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de caso, que tem por objetivo preponderante constatar como está, de fato, a gestão de um determinado aterro sanitário municipal, isso sob a perspectiva do índice de qualidade de resíduos. A relevância deste estudo, por sua vez, encontra fundamento sobretudo no fato de se verificar, bem como, fiscalizar, na área geográfica delimitada, se a legislação ambiental está de fato sendo observada pela municipalidade, assim como, do ponto de vista prático, se o aterro está sendo utilizado pelos gestores de forma correta, e não apenas se tornando um mero “lixão” e, consequentemente, gerando poluentes com potencial de contaminar o solo e a água.
Thirty-nine yeast strains were recovered from a field nest of a primitive and putative novel attine ant species in the genus Myrmicocrypta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: tribe Attini). Yeasts isolated ...from the fungus garden and waste deposit included Candida dubliniensis, Candida oleophila, Cryptococcus haglerorum and Hanseniaspora uvarum. In addition, one morphological type was isolated overwhelmingly. Sequencing data of partial large-subunit (LSU) rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region coupled with morphological and physiological characterization accommodated this morphotype in a separate taxonomic position in relation to the known species of Trichosporon (Basidiomycota: Trichosporonales). Here, we propose a novel yeast species named Trichosporon chiarellii sp. nov. based on the description of 34 isolates; the type strain is strain FCP 540806(T) (=CBS 11177(T)).
The relationship of attine ants with their mutualistic fungus and other microorganisms has been studied during the last two centuries. However, previous studies about the diversity of fungi in the ...ants’ microenvironment are based mostly on culture-dependent approaches, lacking a broad characterization of the fungal ant-associated community. Here, we analysed the fungal diversity found on the integument of
Atta capiguara
and
Atta laevigata
alate ants using 454 pyrosequencing. We obtained 35,453 ITS reads grouped into 99 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Data analysis revealed that
A. capiguara
drones had the highest diversity of MOTUs. Besides the occurrence of several uncultured fungi, the mycobiota analysis revealed that the most abundant taxa were the
Cladosporium
-complex, C
ryptococcus laurentii
and
Epicoccum
sp. Taxa in the genus
Cladosporium
were predominant in all samples, comprising 67.9 % of all reads. The remarkable presence of the genus
Cladosporium
on the integument of leaf-cutting ants alates from distinct ant species suggests that this fungus is favored in this microenvironment.
In the past few years the increased luminosity of the LHC, changes in the linux kernel and a move to a 64bit architecture have affected the ATLAS jobs memory usage and the ATLAS workload management ...system had to be adapted to be more flexible and pass memory parameters to the batch systems, which in the past wasn't a necessity. This paper describes the steps required to add the capability to better handle memory requirements, included the review of how each component definition and parametrization of the memory is mapped to the other components, and what changes had to be applied to make the submission chain work. These changes go from the definition of tasks and the way tasks memory requirements are set using scout jobs, through the new memory tool developed to do that, to how these values are used by the submission component of the system and how the jobs are treated by the sites through the CEs, batch systems and ultimately the kernel.
Social animals are faced with an intriguing dilemma. On the one hand, interactions between individuals are essential to exchange information and to promote cohesion, while on the other hand such ...interactions carry with them the risk of catching and transmitting parasites. This trade-off is particularly significant for social insects because low within-colony genetic diversity makes their colonies potentially vulnerable to parasites while frequent interactions are essential to the development of the colonial odor profile necessary for nestmate recognition. Here we investigate whether social interactions between young and old leaf-cutting ant workers show evidence of this trade-off. We find that old workers engage in more selfgrooming and mandibular scraping than young workers, both in keeping with old workers having been more exposed to parasites. In contrast, we find that young workers engaged in more allogrooming than old workers, which seems likely to have a different motivation possibly the transfer of recognition cues. Furthermore, young workers tended to engage in allogrooming with other young workers, although it was the old workers that were most active and with whom allogrooming would seem likely to optimize information or chemicals transfer. This suggests that young workers may be attempting to minimize the risk of parasite transmission during their social interactions. Although limited to behavioral data, these results hint that ant workers may be sensitive to the trade-off between the transmission of recognition cues and disease, and adjust their social interactions accordingly.
O meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, independentemente da necessidade a cada dia maior de expansão econômica e social, é direito da pessoa humana, integrando a denominada terceira dimensão dos ...direitos fundamentais, e a proteção deste, por sua vez, é dever do Estado e, sobretudo da coletividade. Este direito rotineiramente ignorado é assegurado pela Constituição Federal da República Federativa do Brasil(), promulgada em 05 de outubro do ano de 1988, e está diretamente relacionado com o direito à vida das presentes e futuras gerações. É no artigo 225 da Constituição Federal brasileira que se encontra o sistema mais amplo e direto de tutelas de proteção ao meio ambiente. É cediço que o desrespeito ao meio ambiente é seguramente um dos motivos pelos quais se constata hoje nocivas alterações do clima em todo o planeta e, sobretudo a ocorrência a cada dia maior de catástrofes ambientais. Nesse contexto, os sérios problemas ambientais hoje vivenciados e as consequências trágicas em termos climáticos evidenciam, por si só, a necessidade premente de se encontrar novas soluções sustentáveis, bem como praticar, à exaustão, àquelas já conhecidas também em relação ao desenvolvimento econômico de atividades ligadas à cadeia do agronegócio. A nova e complexa estrutura econômica decorrente do agronegócio é constituída hoje por inúmeras redes de produção, que nem sempre se revelam formas sustentáveis de desenvolvimento econômico com a garantia de preservação ao meio ambiente e desenvolvimento social. Nessa ordem, não se pode negar que hoje esses dois objetivos em muitos momentos caminham em direção diametralmente oposta. Assim, para que ocorra o desenvolvimento sustentável é necessário que exista harmonização de maneira concreta entre o desenvolvimento econômico e a preservação do meio ambiente, notadamente no que diz respeito à extração e uso dos recursos naturais.
An electrochemical reactor for oxygen/ozone production was developed using perforated planar electrodes. An electroformed delta*b-PbO2 coating, deposited on a platinised titanium substrate, was ...employed as anode while the cathode was a platinised titanium substrate. The electrodes were pressed against a solid polymer electrolyte to minimise ohmic drop and avoid mixing of the gaseous products (H2 and O2/O3). Electrochemical ozone production (EOP) was investigated as function of current density, temperature and electrolyte composition. Electrochemical characterisation demonstrated ozone current efficiency, PhiEOP, ozone production rate (g h-1), VEOP, and grams of O3 per total energy demand (g h-1 W-1), vEOP increase on decreasing electrolyte temperature and increasing current density. The best reactor performance for EOP was obtained with the base electrolyte (H2SO4 3.0 mol dm 3) containing 0.03 mol dm-3 KPF6. Degradation of reactive dyes used in the textile industry (Reactive Yellow 143 and Reactive Blue 264) with electrochemically-generated ozone was investigated in alkaline medium as function of ozone load (mg h-1) and ozonation time. This investigation revealed ozonation presents very good efficiency for both solution decolouration and total organic carbon (TOC) removal.
: This work was carried out to determine the internal and external structures of Atta bisphaerica (Forel) nests. Six nests were excavated and during excavation, all data referring to chambers and ...tunnels were recorded. Three nests had been internally cement‐moulded, which enabled a better view of the chamber and tunnel structures. Atta bisphaerica nests presented a similar structural pattern, varying only in the number of chambers as a function of external mound area. Chambers were spherical with two communication tunnels. Internal tunnels had an elliptical section, sometimes circular, indirectly linked to chambers through ramifications and directly through short tunnels. Entrance holes were linked to the area of highest chamber concentration by tunnels from the elliptical section, which led to the nest in a radial manner. Knowledge of the colony's three‐dimensional architecture permits successful application of chemical control processes, reduces the quantity of product applied, and consequently diminishes costs and environmental damage.
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