An array of atmospheric profile observations consists of three‐dimensional vectors representing pressure, temperature, and humidity, with each profile forming a continuous curve in this ...three‐dimensional space. In this paper, the Signature method, which can quantify a profile's curve, was adopted for the atmospheric profiles, and the accuracy of profile representations was investigated. The description of profiles by the signature was confirmed with adequate accuracy. The machine‐learning‐based model, developed using the signature, exhibited a high level of annual accuracy with minimal absolute mean differences in temperature and water vapor mixing ratio (<2.0 K or g kg−1). Notably, the model successfully captured the vertical structure and atmospheric instability, encompassing drastic variations in water vapor and temperature, even during intense rainfall. These results indicate the Signature method can comprehensively describe the vertical profile with information on how ordered values are correlated. This concept would potentially improve the representation of the atmospheric vertical structure.
Plain Language Summary
The atmospheric profile can be visualized as a three‐dimensional curve representing pressure, temperature, and humidity. By utilizing the Signature method, we can measure and quantify the profile's curve, allowing for comprehensive modeling of the atmosphere. In this paper, we confirmed the accuracy of atmospheric profile representation using signatures and introduced the characteristics of signatures revealed through machine‐learning models. The description of profiles by the signature was confirmed with adequate accuracy. Moreover, the model demonstrated robust annual accuracy, with minimal temperature and water vapor discrepancies. It effectively captured the vertical structure and instability of the atmosphere, even during heavy rainfall, characterized by significant temperature and water vapor content fluctuations.
Key Points
The utilization possibility of the Signature method for atmospheric profiles was confirmed
By utilizing the Signature method, we can measure and quantify the profile's curve, allowing for comprehensive modeling of the atmosphere
The machine‐learning model developed with the signature can predict the profiles with high annual accuracy
The protective roles of glutathione (GSH) applied on salt stress-affected mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings were studied. The salt stress (200 mM NaCl) significantly increased the ...malondialdehyde (MDA), methylglyoxal (MG), H₂O₂, and proline (Pro) content, O₂ ·⁻ generation rate, and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and reduced the leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (Chl) content. The salt stress also significantly reduced the ascorbate (AsA) content, increased the endogenous GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content, and reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio. The activities of mono-dehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and catalase (CAT) decreased; and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased under the salt stress. The activities of glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) decreased under the salt stress (except the Gly II activity at 48 h). Mung bean seedlings which were treated with NaCl together with GSH showed an improved AsA and GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio, higher activities of APX (only at 24 h), MDHAR, DHAR, GR, SOD (only at 24 h), CAT, GPX (only at 48 h), GST (only at 24 h), Gly I and Gly II under the salt stress compared with those treated with NaCl alone. The improved antioxidant and glyoxalase systems by GSH application decreased the MDA, H₂O₂, and MG content, O₂ ·⁻ generation rate, as well as increased the leaf RWC and Chl content. Thus, exogenous GSH improved the response of the mung bean seedlings to the salt stress.
This review describes the recent investigations, within the last several years, of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations of coordination networks on guest-removal/inclusion processes. ...Single-crystal diffraction analyses reveal intriguing features of coordination networks such as robustness, dynamic framework transformations, biporous formation and specific molecular recognitions, gas absorption, induction of intermolecular interactions between host and guest and so on. The atomic level information provides a deeper insight into the correlation of unique physicochemical properties with crystal structures.
Abstract
The discovery of charge- and spin-density-wave (CDW/SDW) orders in superconducting cuprates has altered our perspective on the nature of high-temperature superconductivity (SC). However, it ...has proven difficult to fully elucidate the relationship between the density wave orders and SC. Here, using resonant soft X-ray scattering, we study the archetypal cuprate La
2-
x
Sr
x
CuO
4
(LSCO) over a broad doping range. We reveal the existence of two types of CDW orders in LSCO, namely CDW stripe order and CDW short-range order (SRO). While the CDW-SRO is suppressed by SC, it is partially transformed into the CDW stripe order with developing SDW stripe order near the superconducting
T
c
. These findings indicate that the stripe orders and SC are inhomogeneously distributed in the superconducting CuO
2
planes of LSCO. This further suggests a new perspective on the putative pair-density-wave order that coexists with SC, SDW, and CDW orders.
In this paper we describe effects of human interactions with a pet-type robot, especially with AIBO. First, we describe a design concept for AIBO based on how to increase its "lifelike" appearance. ...By introducing statistical results of marketing, and experiments involving human-robot interactions using AIBO, we show that this pet-type robot activates human emotions effectively. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate that AIBO helps in human-human communication. We discuss the phenomena of interaction with AIBO, and attempt to explain why this happened.
α-Synuclein is a neuron-specific protein that contributes to the pathology of Parkinson's disease via mitochondria-related mechanisms. The present study investigated possible interaction of ...α-synuclein with mitochondria and consequences of such interaction. Using SHSY cells overexpressing α-synuclein A53T mutant or wild-type, as well as isolated rat brain mitochondria, the present study shows that α-synuclein localizes at the mitochondrial membrane. In both SHSY cells and isolated mitochondria, interaction of α-synuclein with mitochondria causes release of cytochrome c, increase of mitochondrial calcium and nitric oxide, and oxidative modification of mitochondrial components. These findings suggest a pivotal role for mitochondria in oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by α-synuclein.
To improve productivity of assembly in cell production, a robot is introduced to help operators physically. A moving robot around a human operator however induces much stress on human operators ...because they need to work coexistently and compellingly with the robot. This paper deals with the strain measurement caused by industrial robots, and the discuss design criterions of robot collaboration with a human operator. Several basic strains are experimentally measured: distance from a swinging robot to an operator, speed at robot's movement towards an operator and so on. The results are applied in a novel cell production assembly system.
We measure the mode-resolved direction of the precessional motion of the magnetic order, i.e., magnon polarization, via the chiral term of inelastic polarized neutron scattering spectra. The magnon ...polarization is a unique and unambiguous signature of magnets and is important in spintronics, affecting thermodynamic properties such as the magnitude and sign of the spin Seebeck effect. However, it has never been directly measured in any material until this work. The observation of both signs of magnon polarization in Y3Fe5O12 also gives direct proof of its ferrimagnetic nature. The experiments agree very well with atomistic simulations of the scattering cross section.
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We define quasi-quadratic modules in a commutative ring generalizing the notion of quadratic modules.
The main result is a structure theorem of quasi-quadratic modules in a subring
A
of a 2-henselian ...valued field
(
K
,
val
)
whose residue class field
F
is of characteristic
≠
2
. We further assume that the valuation ring
B
is contained in
A
. Set
H
=
val
(
A
×
)
and
G
≥
e
=
{
g
∈
G
∣
g
≥
e
}
. The notation
X
R
denotes the set of all the quasi-quadratic modules in a commutative ring~
R
. Our structure theorem asserts that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between
X
A
and a subset
T
F
H
∪
G
≥
e
of
∏
g
∈
H
∪
G
≥
e
X
F
. We explicitly construct the map
Θ
:
X
A
→
T
F
H
∪
G
≥
e
and its inverse. We also give explicit expressions of
Θ
(
M
∩
N
)
and
Θ
(
M
+
N
)
for
M
,
N
∈
X
A
.
In addition, we briefly investigate the case in which the field
F
is of characteristic two in the appendix as well.
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