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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted a special attention due to outstanding porosity, adjustable pore sizes, and huge opportunities in varying organic–inorganic ...compositions. Enormous studies conducted so far on MOFs indicate their high potential in catalysis, gas adsorption, drug delivery, water treatment, energy storage, among others. However, mass production of MOFs is still limited mainly due to the non-economic, non-green and complex synthesis methods. Mechanochemistry is an alternative solution for efficient and environmentally friendly syntheses of various MOFs. Fast and solvent-free or solvent-less mechanosynthesis seems to be a very powerful versatile method for obtaining these advanced porous materials. The mechanochemical concept was used for the preparation of various MOFs including the most popular structures: MOF-5, ZIF-8, HKUST-1, MIL-101, UiO-66. These MOFs feature high specific surface areas, comparable to those prepared by conventional solvent-based methods. Furthermore, mechanochemistry was successfully used for the synthesis of non-conventional multimetallic MOFs and previously unreported solid phases. This review shows the recent developments, challenges and perspectives of green synthesis of diverse MOF structures using mechanochemistry. Besides describing the mechanochemical synthesis of MOFs, some achievements in green applications are also summarized. Importantly, current trends in research suggests for further development of these fields i.e., harmful gas adsorption, water treatment, and energy storage.
Usually, porous materials are synthesized by using conventional electric heating, which can be energy‐ and time‐consuming. Microwave heating is commonly used in many households to quickly heat food. ...Microwave ovens can also be used as powerful devices in the synthesis of various porous materials. The microwave‐assisted synthesis offers a simple, fast, efficient, and economic way to obtain many of the advanced nanomaterials. This review summarizes the recent achievements in the microwave‐assisted synthesis of diverse groups of nanoporous materials including silicas, carbons, metal–organic frameworks, and metal oxides. Microwave‐assisted methods afford highly porous materials with high specific surface areas (SSAs), e.g., activated carbons with SSA ≈3100 m2 g−1, metal–organic frameworks with SSA ≈4200 m2 g−1, covalent organic frameworks with SSA ≈2900 m2 g−1, and metal oxides with relatively small SSA ≈300 m2 g−1. These methods are also successfully implemented for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silicas and carbons as well as spherically shaped nanomaterials. Most of the nanoporous materials obtained under microwave irradiation show potential applications in gas adsorption, water treatment, catalysis, energy storage, and drug delivery, among others.
Microwave ovens can be used as powerful devices in the synthesis of various porous materials including silicas, carbons, metal–organic frameworks, and metal oxides. Microwave‐assisted synthesis offers a simple, fast, efficient, and economic way to obtain nanoporous materials. The recent achievements in the microwave‐assisted synthesis of these diverse nanoporous materials and their potential applications are summarized.
Ultrasounds are commonly used in medical imaging, solution homogenization, navigation, and ranging, but they are also a great energy source for chemical reactions. Sonochemistry uses ultrasounds and ...thus realizes one of the basic concepts of green chemistry, i.e., energy savings. Moreover, reduced reaction time, mostly using water as a solvent, and better product yields are among the many factors that make ultrasound-induced reactions greener than those performed under conventional conditions. Sonochemistry has been successfully implemented for the preparation of various materials; this review covers sonochemically synthesized nanoporous materials. For instance, sonochemical-assisted methods afforded ordered mesoporous silicas, spherical mesoporous silicas, periodic mesoporous organosilicas, various metal oxides, biomass-derived activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, diverse metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks. Among these materials, highly porous samples have also been prepared, such as garlic peel-derived activated carbon with an apparent specific surface area of 3887 m
/g and MOF-177 with an SSA of 4898 m
/g. Additionally, many of them have been examined for practical usage in gas adsorption, water treatment, catalysis, and energy storage-related applications, yielding satisfactory results.
Metal–organic structures have great potential for practical applications in many areas. However, their widespread use is often hindered by time-consuming and expensive synthesis procedures that often ...involve hazardous solvents and, therefore, generate wastes that need to be remediated and/or recycled. The development of cleaner, safer, and more sustainable synthesis methods is extremely important and is needed in the context of green chemistry. In this work, a facile mechanochemical method involving water-assisted ball milling was used for the synthesis of MOF-303. The obtained MOF-303 exhibited a high specific surface area of 1180 m2/g and showed an excellent CO2 adsorption capacity of 9.5 mmol/g at 0 °C and under 1 bar.
A facile mechanochemical synthesis was used for production of highly mesoporous carbon-alumina composites from sustainable main precursors such as tannins and boehmite powder. The one-pot ball ...milling of the precursors in the presence of a block copolymer followed by thermal treatment led to the mesoporous carbon-alumina composites with high specific surface areas (up to 558 m2 g−1) and large pore volumes (up to 1.47 cm3 g−1). The presence of carbon component in the composites was essential to enhance their CO2 adsorption capacities up to 1.80 mmol g−1 at 1 bar and 25 °C. The presented synthesis strategy seems to have a great potential in practical uses for the preparation of mesostructured carbon-alumina composites, aluminas and carbons for applications in adsorption and catalysis. The proposed synthesis assures formation of abundant amounts of relatively large mesopores in the different classes of inorganics, although the pore order is not achieved in the presented structures.
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•A facile mechanochemical synthesis of highly mesoporous carbon-alumina composites.•Plant extracts and minerals are effectively utilized as precursors in synthesis.•The carbon component enhanced CO2 adsorption up to 1.80 mmol g−1 at 1 bar and 25 °C.
A facile mechanochemical method was used for the synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with well-dispersed metal nanoparticles. The one-pot ball milling of tannins with a metal salt in the ...presence of a block copolymer followed by thermal treatment led to Ni- or Pt-embedded OMCs with high specific surface areas (up to 600 m2·g−1) and large pore volumes (up to ~0.5 cm3·g−1). The as-prepared OMC-based samples exhibited hexagonally ordered cylindrical mesopores with narrow pore size distributions (average pore size ~7 nm), which implies sufficient long-range copolymer-assisted self-assembly of the tannin-derived polymer upon milling even in the presence of a metal salt. The homogenous decoration of carbons with small-sized metal (Ni or Pt) particles was essential to provide H2 storage capacities up to 0.33 wt.% at 25 °C and under 100 bar. The presented synthesis strategy seems to have great potential in the practical uses of functionalized polymers and carbons for applications in adsorption and catalysis.
Metal–organic structures have great potential for practical applications in many areas. However, their widespread use is often hindered by time-consuming and expensive synthesis procedures that often ...involve hazardous solvents and, therefore, generate wastes that need to be remediated and/or recycled. The development of cleaner, safer, and more sustainable synthesis methods is extremely important and is needed in the context of green chemistry. In this work, a facile mechanochemical method involving water-assisted ball milling was used for the synthesis of MOF-303. The obtained MOF-303 exhibited a high specific surface area of 1180 msup.2/g and showed an excellent COsub.2 adsorption capacity of 9.5 mmol/g at 0 °C and under 1 bar.
In recent years, an increasing interest in phytotherapy has been observed. Parallel to the research on the total extracts of plant material, numerous studies on the activity of single molecules ...derived from plants are being conducted to address their mechanisms of action and determine active doses and eventual interactions. Despite this phenomenon, the isolation of individual compounds is a bottleneck due to its difficulty and cost. This work presents the results of a careful optimization of magnoflorine and berberine (isoquinoline alkaloids) recovery from a commonly distributed shrub, Berberis vulgaris, growing in Poland and Georgia, using CPC. Both compounds are known for their numerous medicinal properties, which makes the isolation methodology an important area of research. Additionally, CPC has the ability to isolate high-quality compounds in large quantities, which makes it an effective and easy-to-commercialize method. For a successful separation, the biphasic solvent system composed of hexane, butanol, ethanol, and water in a ratio (3:12:4:16 v/v/v/v) was used in the ascending mode, together with the flow rate of 8 mL/min and rotation speed of 1600 rpm. The method was selective for both compounds, and it delivered good results for both root and stem extracts from the plant. The qualitative composition of alkaloids in the studied extracts determined by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS confirmed the presence of berberine, magnoflorine, jatrorhizine, and palmatine alkaloids from the group of isoquinolines. The isolates, magnoflorine and berberine, were subjected to the Helicobacter pylori growth inhibition assay and urease inhibition test to assess whether, next to the previously proved anticancer properties, these compounds are characterized by H. pylori inhibition. MGN was found to exhibit inhibitory potential against urease (IC50 = 25 mg/L).
Three new crystal structures of 1H-benzodimidazole derivatives were determined. In the structures of these compounds, an identical system of hydrogen bonds, C(4), was observed. Solid-state NMR was ...applied for testing the quality of the obtained samples. All of these compounds were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal activity, by checking their selectivity. ADME calculations indicate that the compounds can be tested as potential drugs.
Buds of poplar trees (
species) are often covered with sticky, usually polyphenol-rich, exudates. Moreover, accessible data showed that some
bud extracts may be excellent antibacterial agents, ...especially against Gram-positive bacteria. Due to the fragmentary nature of the data found, we conducted a systematic screening study. The antimicrobial activity of two extract types (semi-polar-ethanolic and polar-ethanolic-water (50/50;
/
)) from 27 bud samples of different poplar taxons were compared. Antimicrobial assays were performed against Gram-positive (five strains) and Gram-negative (six strains) bacteria as well as fungi (three strains) and covered the determination of minimal inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentrations. The composition of extracts was later investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-DAD) and with electrospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS). As a result, most of the extracts exhibited good (MIC ≤ 62.5 µg/mL) or moderate (62.5 < MIC ≤ 500 µg/mL) activity against Gram-positives and
, as well as fungi. The most active were ethanolic extracts from
.
,
.
clone 'Robusta', and
.
×
.
. The strongest activity was observed for
.
×
.
. Antibacterial activity was supposedly connected with the abundant presence of flavonoids (pinobanksin, pinobanksin 3-acetate, chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, isosakuranetin dihydrochalcone, pinocembrin dihydrochalcone, and 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone), hydroxycinnamic acids monoesters (
-methoxycinnamic acid cinnamyl ester, caffeic acid phenethylate and different isomers of prenyl esters), and some minor components (balsacones).
