There are many applications of graph theory to a wide variety of subjects which include operation Research, Physics, chemistry, Economics, Genetics, Engineering, computer Science etc.,In a classical ...graph for each vertex or edge there are two possibilities arises that is either in the graph or not in the graph and this will not classical graph model for uncertain problems. Fuzzy set is a generalized version of the classical set in which objects have different membership degrees between zero and one. More work has already been done on fuzzy graphs. Zadeh introduced the degree of membership/Truth(T) in 1965 and defined the fuzzy set. Atanassov introduced the degree of non-memebership/Falsehood(F) in 1983 and defined the intuitionstic fuzzy set. Smarandache introduced the degree of Indeterminancy/Neutrality(I) as an independent component in 1995 and defined the neutrosophic set on there compenents (T,I,F). Smarandache has introduced in 2020 the n-SuperHyperGraph, with super-vertices that are groups of vertices and hyper-edges defined on power-set of power-set... that is the most general form of graph as today, and n-HyperAlgebra. A SuperHyperGraph, is a HyperGraph (where a group of Edges form a HyperEdge) such that a group of vertices are united all together into a SuperVertex like a group of people (=vertices) that are united all together into an organization (=SuperVertex) ;and further on the n-SuperHyperGraph where many groups (=SuperVertices) are united all together to form a group-of-groups (called 2-SuperVertex, or Type-2 SuperVertex ), then a group of Type-2 SuperVertices forms a Type-3 SuperVertex, . . . , and so on up to Type-n SuperVertex, for any n 1, which better reflects our reality. Later Narmada Devi worked on new type of neutrosophic over,off graph and minimal domination via neutrosophic over graph and neutrosophic over topologized graph. A lot of topological indices are available in chemical-graph theory and H. Wiener proposed the first index to estimate the boiling point of alkanes called ‘Wiener index’. Many topological indices exist only in the crisp but it’s new to the Nover graph environment. The main aim of this paper is to define the topological indices in Nover graphs.
In this paper introduce the homomorphism, isomorphism, weak isomorphism and co-weak isomorphism of Neutrosophic over topologized graphs. Some properties of isomorphism are introduced. The isomorphism ...of Neu trosophic over topologized graphs equivalnce relation, weak isomorphism of Neutrosophic over topologized graphs partial order relation and complement of Neutrosophic over topologized graphs also derived here.
Neutrosophic over set can deal with the uncertainties related to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenaries, where fuzzy set may fail to handle those uncertainties ...properly. The study on presented in this “Neutrosophic Over topologized domination graphs” and also classification in different frame are discussed.The idea of NOver T op-dom set, NOver T op-minimum dom set, NOver T op-minimal dom set and NOver T op-dom number are introduced and necessary examples are established. In any neutrosophic over decision-making problem, the decision maker use the comparision of neutrosophic over number to choose alternative solutions.
In this paper, the new concept Topologized domination on Neutrosophic Graphs is introduced. The idea of N-Top domination is discussed in cycle, path, complete graph, star graph. The basic properties ...of N-Top dom set, N-Top minimum dom set, N-Top minimal dom set are introduced and N-Top dom number is also established with some necessary examples.
The degree of data uncertainty may be measured using a variety of mathematical techniques, but neutrosophic logic is a potent instrument for analysis when compared to fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy ...logics. This article introduces the novel idea of "dominance in neutrosophic over graph (NOG)s" and discusses some of the intriguing characteristics of complete, complete bipartite, and neutrosophic over bridge domination. With the relevant instances, the characterization of neutrosophic over domination set and neutrosophic over minimal domination set is developed, and their dominance numbers are examined.
Lipase is an important of extracellular thermostable enzyme that has received considerable attention for potential use in the food industry. Hence to achieve large scale production of gram positive ...and negative organism is commercially important lipase enzyme under the fermentation. Lipases are produced by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. However, we have focused on bacterial microbial lipases were economically importance of several properties. The present studies of the goals of this paper were isolation and identification of lipase producing bacteria from biogas producing power plant waste volatile substances as sources. Optimization of the experimental conditions for the maximal amount of enzyme production was performed.
This paper identifies the effect of working conditions and the developing nature of new lodging in the deal cost and capital development. To quantify development quality, the upside of a special ...circumstance in Singapore was recently finished private activities are evaluated freely on their workmanship under the Construction Quality Assessment System (CONQUAS). Despite the expansion of the action, the development of the board is certainly not a much-considered or arranged subject. There are still just pockets of greatness in an ocean of seat-of-the-pants. Most second-level development firms don't have efficient chronicle, recording, arranging and quality control methodology. The system named as CONQUAS has been utilized, which was vogue since the late eighties. Here the method has been introduced in the implementation of bored cast-in-situ concrete pile foundation. The Adoption of quality management should be a strategic decision of an organization. On the works carried out at site Piling work and construction of pile cap a CONQUAS score is going to be calculated.
To moderate the behavioral variability of mouse dynamics, the dimensionality reduction based approach was proposed. Mouse dynamics is the process of identifying the user based on their mouse ...operating behavior i.e.) how the user may operate the mouse on a particular period. The mouse dynamics data set includes mouse operation, co-ordinates axes and time stamp value, from the collected dataset, the schematic and motor-skill features were extracted to obtain feature vector. Then the dimensionality reduction based approaches were applied on feature vector space. Authentication task is done by SVM (Support Vector Machine) to identify whether the input sample was legitimate user (or) imposter. The test result proves that the proposed method Isomap (Isometric feature mapping) with SVM provides better performance than existing system KPCA.
To authenticate a computer user, classification based on mouse operating behavior is proposed. It is used to perform the authentication task in initial login stage by capturing the mouse movements. ...The mouse operating behavior of users can be captured as coordinate axes and elapsed time, based on movement of the mouse. The obtained mouse behavior data consist of outliers and behavioral variability; these can be addressed by Peirce's criterion and Weighted Least Square Regression (WLSR) respectively. The features are extracted from that mouse behavior data to categorize the user's unique mouse behavior. The extracted features are analyzed and performs authentication using Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). This LVQ Algorithm is used as a classifier, to find whether the given sample is authorized or unauthorized identity. The test result proves that, the proposed method WLSR with learning vector quantization classifier provides low error rates with good accuracy than the existing method.
Ethnobotany is the field of science that deals with the association between plants and humans, the term implies the study of indigenous or traditional knowledge of plants. This ethnobotanical survey ...focused on prevalence of antidote medicinal plants and the traditional knowledge of that plants among the local people of Kalkulam taluk, Kanyakumari district. The information was collected from local communities. The antidote plant species that used for different types of poisons in the study area, were documented on the basis of identification of antidote plants. A total of 45 antidote medicinal plants, belonging to 25 families were collected and identified. Plant family with the highest antidote plants in the study area used for various types of poisons was Fabaceae (17%). The result of growth form analysis showed that Shrub constituted the highest proportion of antidote plants (34%), Roots (39%) were the most frequently utilized plant parts for preparation of traditional antidote remedies. Most of the antidote plants in the study area used for animal poison with the proportion of (92%). Decoction was a widely used method of preparation of traditional antidote remedies where oral administration 92% was the dominant route. The study revealed people of the Kalkulam area are well known about the antidote plants and mostly used for poisoning and post poisoning symptoms and also used as first aid therapy in poisoning cases. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Antidote, Medicinal plants, Poisons, Traditional remedies
