U ovom radu autor analizira kontrolne mehanizme djelovanja upravnih sudova sagledavajući ih u njihovoj slojevitosti i sveobuhvatnosti, kroz kontrolne mehanizme koji omogućuju kontrolu ustavnosti i ...zakonitosti odluka sudova te kontrolne mehanizme propisane organizacijskim propisima, čija je svrha kontrola zakonitosti rada sudaca i predsjednika sudova. Prvi spektar kontrolnih mehanizama uglavnom derivira iz temeljnog zakona kojim je reguliran upravni spor (Zakon o upravnim sporovima), a djelomice i iz odredaba Ustava i Ustavnog zakona o Ustavnom sudu Republike Hrvatske, dok je drugi spektar kontrolnih mehanizama arhetipski vezan za organizacijske propise. Iako ova dva spektra kontrolnih mehanizama generiraju iz različite vrste propisa, nedvojbeno je kako oni zajedno čine jednu komplementarnu cjelinu kontrolnih mehanizama.
In this paper the author analyses the control mechanisms of administrative court activity. The author considers them in their complexity and inclusiveness through control mechanisms which enable constitutionality and legality control of court decisions and through the control mechanisms proscribed by organisational regulations the aim of which is the control of the legality of judges' and presidents' of court work. The first spectre of control mechanisms mainly derives from the fundamental law which regulates administrative dispute (Administrative Dispute Act), and partly from the provisions of the Constitution and constitutional law on the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. The other spectre of control mechanisms is archetypically connected to organisational provisions. Even though these two spectres of control mechanisms emerge from different kinds of provisions, these two together undoubtedly constitute one complementary whole of control mechanisms.
Suzbijanje korova jedan je od najvažnijih čimbenika u svim poljoprivrednim biljnim proizvodnjama, a osobito u ratarskoj proizvodnji zbog velikih površina na kojima se ona odvija. Nakon otkrića visoko ...učinkovitih herbicida suzbijanje korova u poljoprivredi godinama se provodilo gotovo isključivo kemijskim metodama, ali intenzivna uporaba kemijskih sredstava je rezultirala značajnim negativnim učincima na okoliš i ljudsko zdravlje. Veliki napredak u elektronici i računalnim tehnologijama te razvoj sustava za navođenje vozila zajedno s uvođenjem precizne poljoprivrede su otvorili mogućnost korištenja robota u suzbijanju korova. Posljednjih godina su razvijeni robotski sustavi s različitim metodama suzbijanja korova kao što su selektivna kemijska aplikacija, mehaničko uklanjanje korova, korištenje plamena, pare, električnog pražnjenja i lasera. U radu su navedeni primjeri različitih izvedbi robota za suzbijanje korova.
Weed control is one of the most important factors in all agricultural plant productions, but especially in arable production due to the large areas where it takes place. After the discovery of highly effective herbicides, weed control in agriculture has been carried out for years almost exclusively by chemical methods, but the intensive use of herbicides has resulted with the serious negative effects on the environment and human health. Rapid advances in electronics, computers and computer technologies and the development of vehicle guidance systems together with the introduction of precision agriculture have opened the possibility of using robotic systems in weed control. In recent years, many robotic weed control systems have been developed with different weed control methods such as selective chemical application, mechanical weed removal, using flame, steam electric discharge and laser. Examples of different versions of robots for weed control are presented in this paper.
U ovom radu autor daje pregledan osvrt na najvažnije zakonske odredbe Zakona o lokalnoj i područnoj (regionalnoj) samoupravi, Zakona o lokalnim izborima, Zakona o postupku primopredaje vlasti, Zakona ...o sprječavanju sukoba interesa i drugih propisa relevantnih u postupku primopredaje lokalne vlasti.
In this paper, the author provides an overview of the most important legal provisions of the Law on Local and Regional Self-Government, the Law on Local Elections, the Law on the Transfer Procedure, the Law on Prevention of Conflicts of Interest, and other regulations relevant to the local government handover procedure.
In this paper, the author provides an overview of the most important legal provisions of the Law on Local and Regional Self-Government, the Law on Local Elections, the Law on the Transfer Procedure, ...the Law on Prevention of Conflicts of Interest, and other regulations relevant to the local government handover procedure.
Parsley highlights among other vegetables for high vitamin C content. It also contains minerals, essential oils, pigments, phenolic compounds and show high antioxidant activity. Parsley is cultivated ...and consumed for its leaves and roots with the two most common types: Petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum and Petroselinum crispum var. crispum (parsley with curly leaves), Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum (parsley with napless leaves). The aim of this research was to determine the chemical differences and content of bioactive compounds in 6 parsley cultivars: 'Arat', 'Eagle', 'Halblange', 'Rialto', 'Mooskrause' and 'Petra'. Also, to determine the differences in nutritional composition between different parsley plant parts: leaf, steam and root. The highest vitamin C content in leaves (162.09 mg 100 g-1 FW) was determined in cv. 'Rialto'. Root cultivars of Petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum (cv. 'Halblange') had higher vitamin C content. The highest total phenol content (425.76 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW) was determined in leaves of cv. 'Arat'. All parsley cultivars show high antioxidant capacity due to significant amounts of bioactive compounds such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids, non-flavonoids and vitamin C.
Chamomile (
L.) dried flowers contain a group of interesting biologically active compounds such as sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, vitamins, phenolic acids and glucosides. Therefore, the aim ...of the present study was to characterize the composition in bioactive compounds (specialized metabolites) present in water and ethanol extracts of chamomile flowers, together with monitoring the impact of different extraction techniques (conventional vs. ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)) on the parameters under investigation. UAE treatment significantly decreased the extraction time of bioactive compounds from herbal material. Polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in UAE extracts. Moreover, solvent type had a significant impact on the specialized metabolites content, while the highest vitamin C and polyphenols content were recorded in 50% ethanol (
/
) extracts. Optimization of basic extraction factors: solvent type, temperature and technique is crucial for obtaining the extracts with the highest content of specialized metabolites and antioxidant capacity.
This paper addresses the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) and shows that implementing algorithms for solving various instances of VRPs can significantly reduce transportation costs ...that occur during the delivery process. Two metaheuristic algorithms were developed for solving VRPTW: Simulated Annealing and Iterated Local Search. Both algorithms generate initial feasible solution using constructive heuristics and use operators and various strategies for an iterative improvement. The algorithms were tested on Solomon’s benchmark problems and real world vehicle routing problems with time windows. In total, 44 real world problems were optimized in the case study using described algorithms. Obtained results showed that the same distribution task can be accomplished with savings up to 40% in the total travelled distance and that manually constructed routes are very ineffective.
Spices are a popular food of plant origin, rich in various phytochemicals and recognized for their numerous properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial ...activity, as well as the content of specialized metabolites, of aqueous extracts of three spice species--garlic (
L.), ginger (
L.) and turmeric (
L.)--prepared by green extraction methods. Ultrasound treatment increased the chromaticity parameter b value of turmeric and ginger extracts, thus indicating a higher yellow color predominantly due to curcuminoids characteristic of these species. Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly increased the content of total soluble solids, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and vitamin C. The temperature of the system was also an important factor, with the highest (70 °C) conditions in ultrasound-assisted extraction having a positive effect on thermolabile compounds (vitamin C, phenolics, total carotenoids). For example, turmeric extract treated with ultrasound at 70 °C had up to a 67% higher vitamin C content and a 69.4% higher total carotenoid content compared to samples treated conventionally at the same temperature, while ginger extracts had up to 40% higher total phenols. All different concentrations of spice extracts were not sufficient for complete inhibition of pathogenic bacterial strains of
,
and
; however, only garlic extracts had an effect on slowing down the growth and number of
colonies. Spice extracts obtained by ultrasonic treatment contained a significantly higher level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that the extracts obtained have significant nutritional potential and thus a significant possibility for phytotherapeutic uses.
Using new optimization methods and information-communications technology has become the key issue in the competition among the distributers of fast-moving consumer goods. Introducing a delivery ...optimization system instead of manual routing enables significant cost savings. The prerequisites for optimization are stable information system and efficient company management. The rich vehicle routing problem model is discussed and the effects of implementing the delivery optimization system are presented. For four years of continuous utilisation, the system has helped the distributer to reduce the overall distribution costs. It also made possible to close down several depots and handle more customer requests without investing in the vehicle fleet. The developed optimization system enabled the distributer to adapt to the new distribution schedule and react to first indicators of recession very fast.
Žalba u upravnom sporu Đerđa, Dario; Galić, Ante
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
04/2014, Volume:
51, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
U radu se razmatra uvođenje dvostupanjskog sustava upravnog sudovanja u Hrvatskoj 2010. godine. Utvrđuje se potreba uvođenja žalbe u upravnosudski sustav te se pojedinačno analiziraju ograničenja ...vezana uz ovaj institut. Najprije se razmatra ograničenje izjavljivanja žalbe protiv rješenja, zatim stavljanje nekih prvostupanjskih upravnih sporova u nadležnost Visokog upravnog suda Republike Hrvatske te, konačno, ograničenja izjavljivanja žalbe na neke vrste presuda upravnih sudova. Nadalje se utvrđuju razlozi i nedostaci tzv. „filtera“ za izjavljivanje žalbe na presudu prvostupanjskih upravnih sudova. U radu se ujedno razmatraju i usporednopravni instituti vezani uz pravo izjavljivanja žalbe u upravnom sporu te se utvrđuje u kojoj je mjeri hrvatsko pozitivno pravo usklađeno ili odstupa od rješenja prihvaćenih u drugim europskim državama. U zaključku autori sugeriraju potrebne intervencije u Zakon o upravnim sporovima.
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