•There are significant but modest associations between cognitive frailty and physical frailty.•Screening instruments have often been used to determine objective cognitive decline.•Lifespan ...trajectories should be taken into account in understanding cognitive frailty.•A strong operational definition of cognitive frailty is necessary.•Interventional studies are needed to establish the role of preventive strategies.
To analyze the definition of “cognitive frailty” and to study the conceptual and operational definitions used and their implications for empirical research. The relationships between this concept and cognitive reserve, the role of neuropathology and brain reserve, motor signs of aging and the reversibility of cognitive frailty are also discussed.
Systematic review of empirical studies identified from Medline Advanced 1966, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus until August 2017.
Effect sizes. The quality of the articles was assessed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement. Three independent reviewers participated in the study selection and data extraction.
Nineteen studies involving 31,707 participants met the inclusion criteria. Significant associations were reported between cognitive frailty and physical frailty or gait speed. Screening instruments were usually used to determine objective cognitive decline rather than extensive neuropsychological assessments. Educational level was the only indicator of cognitive reserve that was systematically included in the evaluation of cognitive frailty. Motor decline and gait variables were not systematically included in protocols for the assessment of cognitive frailty.
A strong operational definition would benefit both the development of treatments to counter cognitive frailty and the assessment of treatment effectiveness. Nevertheless, since there is clear agreement regarding the importance of interventions for and the prevention of cognitive frailty, randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of preventive interventions are necessary.
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has required a population lockdown. Spain has one of the oldest/most aging populations in the world and was one of the most affected countries. We aim to describe the ...psychological and social implications as well as health-related behaviors as a result of the lockdown in community-dwelling older adults.
Observational cross-sectional study. A total of 528 participants of over 60 years of age were recruited using snowball sampling technique during the lockdown of the COVID-19 first wave using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire composed of descriptive questions and validated scales for resilience (Brief Resilient Coping Scale) and emotions (Scale of Positive And Negative Experience).
Most participants (76.9%) live with other people and have an open space at home (64%). Only 33.7% continued doing activities to promote healthy aging, 65.7% did less physical activity and 25.6% increased their intellectual activity. Most of them (83%) used electronic communication with family and friends to a greater extent, and left the house to run basic errands. Greater scores on resilience showed significant negative correlations with age and negative feelings, and positive correlations with the size of the social network and positive feelings. Lacking an open space at home was associated with more negative feelings.
Older people are a vulnerable group severely affected by this pandemic crisis at multiple levels, requiring specific interventions to minimize the effects of changes in lifestyle that may be harmful. Detecting needs is essential to improve care and support from community health and social services, both nowadays and in future similar situations.
Types of love as a function of satisfaction and age Clemente, Miguel; Gandoy‐Crego, Manuel; Bugallo‐Carrera, Cesar ...
PsyCh journal,
June 2020, 2020-Jun, 2020-06-00, 20200601, Volume:
9, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Research studies on love have focused on the study of typologies, among which Sternberg's triangular theory of love and the typology of Hendrick and Hendrick deriving from that of Sternberg have been ...the most common and empirically verified. Love types have been linked to all types of sociodemographic and psychological variables. However, these studies possess shortcomings: When the data are analyzed according to age, only a few ranges are studied; with respect to other variables such as satisfaction, typically only two levels are studied, and no continuous study is conducted. This study attempts to overcome these limitations. It analyzes types of love according to the two systems noted earlier and based on two variables: age and satisfaction. For satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener et al. was used, and 439 subjects aged 15 to 89 years participated in the study. The results show that both of the variables—age and satisfaction—explain that love types occur in varying degrees; however, satisfaction is more predictive than is age. Possibilities for future research are discussed.
The Geriatric Depression Scale is an instrument used to identify depression in people of an older age. The original English version of this scale has been translated into Spanish (GDS-
); two shorter ...versions of 5- (GDS-5) and 15-items (GDS-15) have been developed.
To assess the validity and compare the 5- and 15-item Spanish versions of the GDS among the Spanish population.
573 Galicia residents aged >50 years participated in this study. The following instruments were applied: the 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure scale, the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination test, the GDS-5, and the GDS-15.
We found differences in total score between GDS-5 and GDS-15 regarding the variable sex. Internal reliability for GDS-5 and GDS-15 was 0.495 and 0.715, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for GDS-5 - with a cut-off value of 1 - was 0.517 and 0.650, respectively; for GDS-15 - with a cut-off value of 3 points - sensitivity was 0.755 and specificity 0.668. GDS-5 has a ROC curve of 0.617 and GDS-15 of 0.764.
GDS-15, and to a greater extent GDS-5, should be revised or even reformulated to improve their diagnostic usefulness by choosing higher discriminative ability items or even include new items with greater sensitivity that consider currently prevailing psychosocial factors.
El envejecimiento demográfico es uno de los fenómenos más significativos en la actualidad, con repercusiones presentes y futuras en los distintos sectores públicos y privados especialmente en la ...salud, apoyo social y educación. Varios estudios han demostrado que la imagen social que los jóvenes universitarios tienen de las personas mayores influye significativamente en la elección de profesiones relacionadas con el envejecimiento. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer las semejanzas y diferencias en los estereotipos que presentan los estudiantes de educación superior de los países de España, Portugal y Cabo Verde hacia las personas mayores, analizando diferentes variables sociodemográficas y el nivel predictivo que estas variables tienen en la formación de los mismos. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal con 408 alumnos (341 mujeres y 67 hombres), edades comprendidas entre 18 y 28 años, de grado y posgrado de las titulaciones en Educación Social, Trabajo Social, Psicología, Integración Social, Fisioterapia, Deporte y Actividad Física, Formación de Profesorado y Enfermería. El instrumento utilizado fue el Cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos hacia la Vejez (CENVE), donde se estudiaron las frecuencias, las correlaciones y posibles predicciones entre variables socio demográficas y los factores del CENVE. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres países presentando unas puntuaciones muy bajas y bajas en estereotipos negativos hacia las personas mayores siendo las variables curso académico y titulación académica las variables que mejor predicen esta percepción. Dada la importancia que tiene la discriminación por edad, parece fundamental intervenir pedagógicamente para una comprensión más real del envejecimiento y de las personas mayores.
The term harassment is often used to refer two contexts, the workplace and school, but not the legal system itself. Long drawn-out litigation in the Family Law Courts often produces a surreptitious ...phenomenon of violence toward one of the litigating parties, who become victims of the legal system itself. The aim of this study was to determine whether legal harassment could be detected and measured in the Spanish Justice System using an innovative Legal Harassment Scale (LHS). This hypothesis was substantiated by the data obtained using a new 32-item psychometric instrument with a global index: the LHS, consisting of four factors: Direct Aggression, Procedural Harassment, Personal Contempt, and Manipulation of Reality. The estimated reliability and validity of the LHS was satisfactory, both in terms of the global score, and for each of the four factors distributed along the normal curve. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the limitations of the study and in relation to future lines of research aimed at ensuring that the legal system respects and safeguards the rights of the parties involved in litigation, and that no party falls victim to legal harassment.
The experiences and changes that come along with old age may lead to a feeling of loneliness, usually followed by negative physical and mental manifestations. In this systematic review, we evaluated ...the existing tools to assess loneliness in older adults.
We performed a literature search in the Web of Science, Medline, and PsycINFO, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After, we examined the psychometric properties of the instruments with a focus on reliability, validity, and main conclusions.
We included 27 articles published between 1996 and 2021.
To date, there are few instruments to assess loneliness in older adults. In general, they present adequate psychometric properties, although it is true that some scales show somewhat low levels of reliability and validity.
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