Emerging evidences suggest that necrosis is programmed and is one of the main forms of cell death in the pathological process in cardiac diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new ...players in gene regulation. However, it is not yet clear whether lncRNAs can regulate necrosis in cardiomyocytes. Here, we report that a long noncoding RNA, named necrosis-related factor (NRF), regulates cardiomyocytes necrosis by targeting miR-873 and RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1)/RIPK3 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3). Our results show that RIPK1 and RIPK3 participate in H2O2-induced cardiomyocytes necrosis. miR-873 suppresses the translation of RIPK1/RIPK3 and inhibits RIPK1/RIPK3-mediated necrotic cell death in cardiomyocytes. miR-873 reduces myocardial infarct size upon ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the animal model. In exploring the molecular mechanism by which miR-873 expression is regulated, we identify NRF as an endogenous sponge RNA and repress miR-873 expression. NRF directly binds to miR-873 and regulates RIPK1/RIPK3 expression and necrosis. Knockdown of NRF antagonizes necrosis in cardiomyocytes and reduces necrosis and myocardial infarction upon I/R injury. Further, we identify that p53 transcriptionally activates NRF expression. P53 regulates cardiomyocytes necrosis and myocardial I/R injury through NRF and miR-873.Our results identify a novel mechanism involving NRF and miR-873 in regulating programmed necrosis in the heart and suggest a potential therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases.
The aqueous reactivity of five prominent endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with potassium ferrate has been studied. The degradation kinetics and reaction pathways for bisphenol A (BPA) have been ...considered in detail, and the reaction rate constants for 17
α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), estrone (E1),
β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) have been determined, from tests carried out in the pH range of 8–12 and at different reactant molar ratios. The rate constants were determined by a kinetic model incorporating the various species equilibria for the EDC compounds and ferrate, using observations of the temporal reduction in EDC and ferrate concentrations. In agreement with other studies, the oxidation of the EDCs was found to be greater for mono-protonated ferrate,
HFeO
4
-
, than for non-protonated ferrate,
FeO
4
2
-
. Among the five EDCs, all of which have phenol moieties, the ferrate oxidation of the four steroid estrogens (each incorporating the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring) had higher reaction rates than BPA. The by-products of BPA degradation by ferrate were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry–mass spectrometry (LC/MS–MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry–mass spectrometry (GC/MS–MS) and nine specific compounds were identified, including
p-isopropylphenol, 4-isopropanolphenol,
p-isopropenylphenol, and some dicarboxylic acids, etc. It is concluded that ferrate oxidation could be an effective treatment method for the purification of waters containing these particular EDCs.
Particle dispersion and deposition in man-made enclosed environments are closely related to the well-being of occupants. The present study developed a three-dimensional drift-flux model for particle ...movements in turbulent indoor airflows, and combined it into Eulerian approaches. To account for the process of particle deposition at solid boundaries, a semi-empirical deposition model was adopted in which the size-dependent deposition characteristics were well resolved. After validation against the experimental data in a scaled isothermal chamber and in a full-scale non-isothermal environmental chamber, the drift-flux model was used to investigate the deposition rates and human exposures to particles from two different sources with three typical ventilation systems: mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV), and under-floor air distribution (UFAD). For particles originating from the supply air, a V-shaped curve of the deposition velocity variation as a function of particle size was observed. The minimum deposition appeared at 0.1–
0.5
μ
m
. For supermicron particles, the ventilation type and air exchange rate had an ignorable effect on the deposition rate. The movements of submicron particles were like tracer gases while the gravitational settling effect should be taken into account for particles larger than
2.5
μ
m
. The temporal increment of human exposure to a step-up particle release in the supply air was determined, among many factors, by the distance between the occupant and air outlet. The larger the particle size, the lower the human exposure. For particles released from an internal heat source, the concentration stratification of small particles (diameter
<
10
μ
m
) in the vertical direction appeared with DV and UFAD, and it was found the advantageous principle for gaseous pollutants that a relatively less-polluted occupied zone existed in DV and UFAD was also applicable to small particles.
High pressure torsion (HPT) was performed at room temperature on a Mg-8.2Gd-3.8Y-1.0Zn-0.4Zr (wt%) alloy containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase with a 6.0 GPa pressure. The ...microstructure evolution and hardening mechanisms were analyzed. TEM shows that, with increasing HPT strain, the LPSO lamellar-shaped and block-shaped particles experience kink bending, fragmentation and dissolution; and eventually a supersaturated solid solution with nanosized grains is obtained. The decomposition of LPSO phase at room temperature is attributed to the high defect concentrations generated in the LPSO lamellae and blocks, and the Mg-rich phase. With equivalent strains increasing to ~6.6 (16 HPT revolutions), an exceptional grain refinement to 52 ± 2 nm is achieved, and the hardness is enhanced to 128 ± 2 HV. A quantitative model shows the hardness increase is due to the combined effects of nanosized grains, high dislocation density and dissolved alloying elements. XRD line broadening analysis, thermodynamic modelling software and elemental mapping are used to support the mechanistic interpretations.
Aims
Lignin is an aromatic heteropolymer forming a physical barrier and it is a big challenge in biomass utilization. This paper first investigated lignin‐degradation bacteria from rotten wood in ...Qinling Mountain.
Methods and Results
Nineteen potential strains were selected and ligninolytic enzyme activities were determined over 84 h. Strains that had higher enzyme activities were selected. Further, the biodegradation of wheat straw lignin and alkali lignin was evaluated indicating that Burkholderia sp. H1 had the highest capability. It was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and field emission scanning electron microscope that alkali lignin was depolymerized into small fragments. The degraded products were analysed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The total ion chromatograph of products treated for 7 days showed the formation of aromatic compounds, an important intermediate from lignin degradation. Interestingly, they disappeared in 15 days while the aldehyde and ester compounds increased.
Conclusions
The results suggest that the lignin‐degrading bacteria are abundant in rotten wood and strain H1 has high potential to break down lignin.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The diversity of lignin‐degrading bacteria in Qinling Mountain is revealed. The study of Burkholderia sp. H1 expands the range of bacteria for lignin degradation and provides novel bacteria for application to lignocellulosic biomass.
To summarized clinical features of Behcet’s patients with conduction disturbances and explore the underlying risk factors. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Anzhen Hospital, Capital ...Medical University. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory results, treatments, and fatality rate during hospital stay were analyzed. We found 23.1% of Behcet’s disease had conduction disturbances and 84.0% had aortic valvular insufficiency. The male percentage of the Behcet’s disease patients with conduction disturbances was significantly higher than controls (88.9 vs. 61.7%,
P
= 0.03). The echocardiography showed left ventricular end-diastolic diameter 64.00 (18) vs. 48.00 (15) mm,
P
= 0.000; left ventricular end-contraction diameter 47.50 (11) vs. 30 (13) mm,
P
= 0.000; left atrial diameter 47 (17) vs. 34 (14) mm,
P
= 0.001; and left ventricular ejection fraction 60 (10) vs. 63 (13) mm,
P
= 0.023 were significantly different between two groups. Aortic valvular insufficiency was an independent risk factor for Behcet’s disease with conduction disturbances (OR = 17.830; 95% CI 2.106, 150.981;
P
= 0.008). Conduction disturbance in Behcet’s disease deserved attention. The diagnosis of BD and evaluation of conduction disturbance should be kept in mind when accepting patients with valvular regurgitation.
Core 1- and 3-derived mucin-type O-glycans are primary components of the mucus layer in the colon. Reduced mucus thickness and impaired O-glycosylation are observed in human ulcerative colitis. ...However, how both types of O-glycans maintain mucus barrier function in the colon is unclear. We found that C1galt1 expression, which synthesizes core 1 O-glycans, was detected throughout the colon, whereas C3GnT, which controls core 3 O-glycan formation, was most highly expressed in the proximal colon. Consistent with this, mice lacking intestinal core 1-derived O-glycans (IEC C1galt1
) developed spontaneous colitis primarily in the distal colon, whereas mice lacking both intestinal core 1- and 3-derived O-glycans (DKO) developed spontaneous colitis in both the distal and proximal colon. DKO mice showed an early onset and more severe colitis than IEC C1galt1
mice. Antibiotic treatment restored the mucus layer and attenuated colitis in DKO mice. Mucins from DKO mice were more susceptible to proteolysis than wild-type mucins. This study indicates that core 1- and 3-derived O-glycans collectively contribute to the mucus barrier by protecting it from bacterial protease degradation and suggests new therapeutic targets to promote mucus barrier function in colitis patients.
The relationship between the transport property and thermodynamic property was explored in this paper. More specifically, a dimensionless calorimetric parameter (DCP) was employed in order to predict ...the viscosity of different fluids for the first time. It was found that a strong linear correlation between the macroscopically scaled viscosity and the DCP of different fluids in saturated liquid states takes place. Additionally, the values of linearly correlated slopes K for each fluid were found to be in a narrow range (0.411 ± 0.034). Based on this, a quasi-universal viscosity prediction model was proposed. Fourteen fluids representing different molecular structures were selected, and the reliability of the theoretical framework was verified through comparison with experimental data. The results indicated that the correlation approach was very satisfactory with a maximum average absolute deviation (AAD) of 4.40%. Furthermore, by correlating the slopes with the fluid-specific parameters, a generalized function with no adjusting parameters was finally established. Compared with experimental data, the AADs were all located within 7.23%, except those for R125 and R143a. This work provides a convenient calculation method for the estimation of the transport property (viscosity) of different fluids only from the respective thermodynamic properties.
Nanostructured Cu and Cu–Al alloys processed by high-pressure torsion were isochronally annealed to investigate the effects of the stacking fault energy (SFE) on strength and ductility. All metals ...exhibit a similar general trend that the strength decreases and the ductility improves with increasing annealing temperatures, and a notable enhancement of ductility was achieved only when the volume fraction of recrystallized grains exceeded ∼80%. The strength–ductility synergy improves significantly with decreasing SFE.
The recent discovery of spin current transmission through antiferromagnetic insulating materials opens up vast opportunities for fundamental physics and spintronics applications. The question ...currently surrounding this topic is: whether and how could THz antiferromagnetic magnons mediate a GHz spin current? This mismatch of frequencies becomes particularly critical for the case of coherent ac spin current, raising the fundamental question of whether a GHz ac spin current can ever keep its coherence inside an antiferromagnetic insulator and so drive the spin precession of another ferromagnet layer coherently? Utilizing element- and time-resolved x-ray pump-probe measurements on Py/Ag/CoO/Ag/Fe
Co
/MgO(001) heterostructures, here we demonstrate that a coherent GHz ac spin current pumped by the Py ferromagnetic resonance can transmit coherently across an antiferromagnetic CoO insulating layer to drive a coherent spin precession of the Fe
Co
layer. Further measurement results favor thermal magnons rather than evanescent spin waves as the mediator of the coherent ac spin current in CoO.
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