The influence of six sodium-reducing treatments (F2: 0.6% KCl+1.8% NaCl; F3: 0.6% CaCl2+1.8% NaCl; F4: 0.36% KCit+0.24% KCl+1.8% NaCl; F5: 0.12% MgCl2+0.48% CaCl2+1.8% NaCl; F6: 0.36% KL+0.24% ...KCl+1.8% NaCl; F7: 0.36% CaL+0.24% KCl+1.8% NaCl) on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in baked bacon was evaluated. Compared with the total amount of the four PAH4 (10.08 μg/kg) in the control F1 group without sodium reduction, including (benzo aanthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo bfluoranthene (BbFA), and benzo apyrene (BaP), the application of F3 (6.37 μg/kg), F5 (6.25 μg/kg), F6 (5.85 μg/kg) and F7 (5.56 μg/kg) reduced the content of the PAH4 (P < 0.05), while the treatment of F4 (16.60 μg/kg) increased the concentration of the PAH4 (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the occurrence of PAH4 was significantly correlated with the pH and b* value (P < 0.05). The determination of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content suggested that the influence of substitute salts on the PAH4 was related to Maillard reactions. A pH adjustment rescued the impact of the substitute salts on the b* value, the HMF content and the formation of PAH4, revealing that pH variations played a vital role in substitute salts influencing the generation of PAH4. Sodium sulphite decreased the b* value, the amount of the HMF and the concentration of PAH4 (P < 0.05), which further verified that substitute salts influence the formation of PAHs in sodium-reduced bacon in a mechanism involving Maillard reactions.
•Substitute salts influenced the PAHs formation in sodium-reduced bacon.•Calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium lactate and calcium lactate inhibited the generation of PAHs.•Potassium citrate increased the generation of PAHs.•Variation of Maillard reactions induced by substitute salts played a vital role in this mechanism.
•Reliable BV data and EQA criteria were used to set the bias allowable limits.•The comparability among the MPs commonly used in laboratories was evaluated.•The commutability criterion was the same as ...the bias allowable limit.•The commutability of WHO IS 02/343 was assessed.
Several types of measurement procedures (MPs) for protein C activity assays are currently available. Clinical sample (CS) results among different MPs should be comparable. The commutability of reference materials (RMs) is an essential requirement to achieve comparability of CS results.
Considering the total error calculated using reliable biological variation (BV) data and external quality assessment (EQA) criteria, we chose the allowable limits of comparability and criterion of commutability. According to Clinical and Laboratory Standardization Institute EP9 and our previous studies, 92 CSs were used to evaluate the comparability among the three MPs (Sysmex CS-5100, IL ACL TOP 700, and STA-R Evolution). The difference in bias method recommended by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine was used to assess the commutability of six RMs, including World Health Organization (WHO) IS 02/342.
The compliance rates of CSs were 94.6–100% with the corresponding calibration mode. WHO IS, HemosIL calibration plasma, and candidate RMs, PC20201 and PC20202, were commutable between each pair of the three MPs.
It is feasible to set the allowable limits of comparability and the criterion of commutability based on the BV and EQA criteria.
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•GEO is a powerful natural additive in inhibiting formation of BaP.•Reducing ability of sulfide from GEO is dependent on S number and thioallyl group.•AMTS showed the strongest effect ...in inhibiting the formation of BaP.•Inhibiting BaP formation-mechanism is relevant to free radical scavenging reaction.
To addgarlic more conveniently, the substitute–garlic essential oil(GEO)is wildly applied in meat product for flavor improvement. However, the effects of GEOon chemical hazard formation, such as benzoapyrene (BaP), in meat processing have not been studied. This study focused on the inhibitory effect of garlic (0.05–0.15%, w/w), GEO (0.002–0.006%, w/w) and the active sulfide compounds (0.006%, w/w) on the formation of BaP in charcoal-grilled pork sausages. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the garlic, GEO and sulfide compounds was also determined. The results showed that the garlic was efficient in the decrease of DPPH free radicals (14.91–23.39%) and BaP content (37.2–62.3%). GEO was also efficient in scavenging DPPH free radicals (14.17–26.20%) and reducing BaP formation (29.1–57.1%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC–MS) analysis identified a total of 41 compounds, of which six major sulfide compounds (allyl methyl sulfide, diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide and diallyl trisulfide) were screened to assess their inhibition of BaP generation. The BaP inhibition of these sulfide compounds were dependent on the number of sulfur (-S-) and thioallyl group (–S–CH2–CH═CH2); and allyl methyl trisulfide (AMTS) showed the highest BaP inhibition (63.3%). A significant correlation was found between their BaP inhibition and DPPH scavenging activity (Spearman correlation = 0.91, P < 0.001), which indicates that the mechanism of sulfides influencing BaP formation in grilling sausage is related to free radical reaction. Our research gives an insight into the theoretical basis about application of GEO to inhibit BaP during food processing and supports use of GEO as a natural additive in meat products.
Angular contact ball bearings have been widely utilized in machine tool spindles and bearing preload has a great influence on the performance of the spindle. The variable preload control technology, ...including variable pressure preload and variable position preload, is the key technology for intelligent spindle. In order to implement variable pressure/position preload control, the control method and control performance of the variable pressure/position preload spindle-bearing system by using piezoelectric actuators under close-loop control are systematically studied in this paper. A test rig of variable pressure/position spindle-bearing system is developed, and the piezoelectric actuators are adopted to realized preload or axial clearance close-loop control automatically. Both variable pressure preload and variable position preload can be realized on the test rig. The mechanical model of the variable pressure/position preload spindle-bearing system by using piezoelectric actuators is established. Then stiffness model considering the external axial load in static state, and axial displacement as well as operational preload model in rotational state of the spindle-bearing system with piezoelectric actuators in variable pressure preload and variable position preload are proposed and simulated. The design method of the preload mechanism by using piezoelectric actuators is presented. PI controller is employed to regulate the preload or axial clearance of the spindle-bearing system in real-time. A series of experiments are implemented to verify the validity of the variable preload control method and the superiority of the variable pressure/position preload control performance by using piezoelectric actuators. The results show that the variable pressure/position preload spindle-bearing system by using piezoelectric actuators shows excellent performance in controlling preload or axial clearance. The static and dynamic characteristics as well as the operational behaviors of the spindle-bearing system under variable position preload and variable pressure preload are verified by experiments. It is illustrated that the stiffness and the first order natural frequency will be changed with the change of preload methods and preload values. The operational behaviors vary greatly with the preload method, initial preload (negative axial clearance) and rotational speed. The variable preload control method plays a great important role on the performance of spindle-bearing system. Furthermore, this paper provides a foundation for the future research of preloading intelligent control technology as well as investigating the thermal-mechanical-dynamic characteristic of high speed spindle-bearing system.
•The mechanical model of the variable preload spindle-bearing system by using piezoelectric actuators are proposed.•The design method of the preload mechanism by using piezoelectric actuators is presented.•The control method and control performance of the variable preload spindle-bearing system are studied.•Static and dynamic characteristics as well as operational behaviors of the spindle-bearing system are investigated.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of proliferation and metastasis is needed to improve patient survival. ...T cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1) has been proven to play an essential role in the proliferation and metastasis of GC. The aim of this study was to explore the relevant upstream regulatory mechanism of TIAM1. Bioinformatic analysis, RT-qPCR, and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to predict and validate microRNAs that target the TIAM1 gene. Among eleven predicted microRNAs, eight (miR-10b-5p, miR-589-3p, miR-651-3p, miR-335-3p, miR-653-5p, miR-373-3p, miR-372-3p, and miR-205-3p) affected TIAM1 expression; and only miR-10b-5p regulated TIAM1 expression by directly binding to the 3'-UTR of TIAM1 mRNA. miR-10b-5p levels were determined in both normal and cancerous tissues retrieved from GC patients. We observed that by targeting TIAM1 expression, miR-10b-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. To verify our observations, we evaluated the participation of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), a known regulator of microRNA expression and tumor suppressor. Tumor-suppressor RUNX3 combined with core-binding factor subunit beta (CBFβ) upregulated miR-10b-5p and suppressed GC. In conclusion, we identified a CBFβ/RUNX3-miR10b-TIAM1 molecular axis that inhibits GC progression and metastasis and may provide suitable treatment targets for GC.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the essential components of the tumor microenvironment. Increased ECM deposition has been detected in many types of solid tumors including breast cancer, in which ...the development and progression require extensive reorganization of ECM. The chemical and physical signals induced by ECM are necessary for breast cancer development and progression. Disturbing the fine balance of ECM signaling is very important in the long run to promote breast cancer development and progression. In this review, we summarized recent findings on functions of ECM microenvironment in mammary gland development, tumor growth, invasion, migration and metastasis, focusing on the functions of cancer cell-derived ECM in tumor progression. Our review showed that integrated biophysical and biochemical signals from ECM and soluble factors are crucial for normal mammary gland development and breast cancer progression.
Integrated studies of accumulated data can be performed to obtain more reliable information and more feasible measures for investigating potential diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer (
GC
) and ...to explore related molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to identify micro
RNA
s involved in
GC
by integrating data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (
TCGA
) and Gene Expression Omnibus. Through our analysis, we identified hsa‐miR‐17 (miR‐17) as a suitable candidate. We performed a meta‐analysis of published studies and analyzed clinical data from
TCGA
to evaluate the clinical significance and diagnostic value of miR‐17 in
GC
. miR‐17 was found to be upregulated in
GC
tissues and exhibited a favorable value in diagnosing
GC
. In addition, we predicted that 288 target genes of miR‐17 participate in
GC
‐related pathways. Enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, Gene Ontology analysis, and protein–protein interaction analysis of the 288 target genes of miR‐17 were also performed. Through this study, we identified possible core pathways and genes that may play an important role in
GC
. The possible core pathways include the
cAMP
, phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase–Akt, Rap1, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways. miR‐17 may be involved in several biological processes, including
DNA
template transcription, the regulation of transcription from
RNA
polymerase
II
promoters, and cell adhesion. In addition, cellular components (such as cytoplasm and plasma membrane) and molecular functions (such as protein binding and metal ion binding) also seemed to be regulated by miR‐17.
Dicerandrol B is a natural antitumor agent that can be isolated from the endophytic fungus,
sp. The present study investigated the effects of dicerandrol B on human cervical cancer HeLa cells.
In ...this study, dicerandrol B was identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used MTT to detect the cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis and cell cycle. Western blot was used to examine the expression of related proteins.
Dicerandrol B was isolated from the endophytic fungus
sp. The MTT assay and flow cytometry showed that dicerandrol B significantly inhibited HeLa cell viability and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Western blot analysis demonstrated that dicerandrol B increased the levels of GRP78, ubiquitin, cleaved PARP, and Bax protein, decreased the levels of PARP and Bcl-2 protein, and caused an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in HeLa cells. Dicerandrol B increased the production of ROS in HeLa cells, which was attenuated by the antioxidant
-acetyl-l-cysteine.
These findings suggest that dicerandrol B induces apoptosis in human HeLa cells, possibly through the endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. This suggests that dicerandrol B possesses strong anticancer activity in cervical cancer and provides insight into the underlying mechanisms.
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