Background
Fragrances constitute the second most frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis in Spain.
Objectives
To determine the rate of sensitization to the individual fragrances of fragrance ...mix (FM) I and FM II for each of the demographic and clinical factors included in the MOAHLFA (male, occupational dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hand dermatitis, leg dermatitis, facial dermatitis, age) index.
Methods
We conducted a 5‐year retrospective study in 23 Spanish centres. We identified the patients who had undergone patch testing with a specific fragrance series after reacting positively to fragrance markers in a baseline series. We obtained the MOAHLFA index items in this population, then calculated for each demographic and clinical factor the frequencies of sensitization to the individual fragrances of FM I and FM II.
Results
A specific fragrance series was patch tested in 1013 patients. The most frequent allergens in men, women, children, and retired people were Evernia prunastri (16%), geraniol (16.6%), isoeugenol (17.9%), and geraniol (22.4%), respectively. Citral (20.5%) and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) (14.5%) were the most common allergens in occupational eczemas and were also associated with a large proportion of hand and facial dermatitis.
Conclusions
Frequency of sensitization to the individual fragrances of FM I and FM II varies with age, sex, affected body region, and history of occupational or atopic dermatitis.
Abstract Aims and Objectives To determine the effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) on perceived pain and fear in children during vaccination and parental satisfaction with the procedure. ...Background Virtual reality can reduce the perception of pain by children but only three studies have analysed its use during vaccination to date; these had small sample sizes and imperfect methodological designs. Design A randomised controlled clinical trial. Methods One hundred and sixty participants from the Tres Forques Health Center were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) ( n = 82) in which distraction with immersive VR was used during the vaccination, while standard distraction techniques were used for the control group ( n = 80). The primary outcome was pain (Wong–Baker FACES). Secondary outcomes included (Children's Fear Scale) and parental satisfaction with the vaccination procedure. Chi‐squared tests were used for qualitative variables, relationships between quantitative variables were tested with Spearman correlations, and Mann–Whitney U ‐ or Student t‐ tests were employed to assess the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables. Results Compared to the controls, the children in the IG reported significantly less pain and fear, while parental satisfaction was significantly higher. Reported pain and fear did not differ according to the sex of the patient. Child age was not linked to fear but was related to pain: the younger the patient, the greater the pain they described. Conclusions Immersive VR effectively controlled pain and fear in children during vaccination and increased parent satisfaction with the vaccination process. Patient sex did not influence the level of pain and fear but age did. Relevance to clinical practice Improving vaccination experiences can reduce perceived pain and fear in children and increase parent satisfaction, thereby enhancing vaccination schedule adherence and improving group immunity. Reporting Method The CONSORT Statement for non‐pharmacological randomised clinical trials were followed.
Objective
This histomorphometric study compared bone regeneration potential of beta‐tricalcium phosphate with fibronectin (β‐TCP‐Fn) in critical‐sized calvarial defects (CSDs) in rats to assess ...whether fibronectin (Fn) improved new bone formation.
Material and methods
Critical‐sized calvarial defects were created in 30 adult male Sprague Dawley rats, which were divided into four groups according to the time of euthanasia (6 or 8 weeks of healing) and type of filling (β‐TCP‐Fn/6 weeks, β‐TCP/6 weeks, β‐TCP‐Fn/8 weeks and β‐TCP/8 weeks). The primary variables related to new bone formation were augmented area (AA) and gained tissue (GT; sum of mineralized bone matrix MBM and bone substitute BS). Secondary variables were the diameter of the defect, MBM, non‐mineralized tissue (NMT) and BS.
Results
A total of 29 rats and 58 histological samples were evaluated, 28 (48.3%) samples obtained at 6 weeks and 30 (51.7%) at 8 weeks, homogeneously distributed between right and left sides. Thirteen (22.4%) were treated with β‐TCP‐Fn, 16 (27.6%) with β‐TCP and 29 (50%) were controls. At 8 weeks, histomorphometric analysis showed significant differences in AA using β‐TCP and β‐TCP‐Fn versus controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Bone turnover expressed as % within the target area was slightly higher but not statistically significant in the β‐TCP‐Fn than in β‐TCP (MBM) at 6 weeks versus 8 weeks (p = 0.067 and p = 0.335, respectively). Finally, the total GT area in mm2 was higher using β‐TCP‐Fn as compared to β‐TCP (p = 0.044).
Conclusions
β‐TCP‐Fn was slightly but non‐significantly more effective than β‐TCP without Fn for improving the volume of regenerated bone in CSDs of rats, possibly allowing a more efficient bone remodelling process. This effect however should continue being investigated.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different physical exercise programs on the symptomatology, body composition, physical activity, physical fitness, and quality of life of ...individuals with schizophrenia. A total of 432 patients were assessed for eligibility and 86 were randomized into the aerobic (n = 28), strength (n = 29) or mixed (n = 29) groups. Positive, negative, and general symptoms of psychosis, body mass index (BMI), physical activity (IPAQ-SF), physical fitness (6-min walk test 6MWT and hand-grip strength HGS), and quality of life (WHOQUOL-BREF) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention (16 weeks), and at 10-months. Our results at 16 weeks showed significant improvements in all three groups in the negative, general, and total symptoms with moderate to large effect sizes (P < 0.01, η
> 0.11), no change in the BMI, 6MWT or IPAQ-SF, and a significant improvement in the HGS test in the strength and mixed groups (P ≤ 0.05, η
> 0.08). Nonetheless, all the improvements had disappeared at 10 months. We concluded that 3 weekly sessions of a moderate to vigorous progressive exercise program for 16 weeks improved the symptomatology of individuals with schizophrenia in all three groups, with no differences between them. However, the effects had declined to baseline levels by the 10-month follow-up, suggesting that exercise interventions should be maintained over time.
IntroductionNumerous studies support the practice of different physical exercise modalities as an effective treatment to address the problems associated with schizophrenia, reporting that they result ...in improvements in patient symptoms and quality of life. Given the lack of studies comparing different types of training in controlled environments, the aim of this proposed study will be to compare the effects of three physical exercise programmes (strength, aerobic and mixed) on the symptoms, body composition, level of physical activity and health-related quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.Methods and analysisA multicentre, single-blinded (evaluator), randomised, wait-list controlled (ratio 2:2:2:1) trial will be conducted with 105 patients recruited from different psychosocial care centres. The participants will be randomised into three 16-week training groups comprising 48 sessions lasting 1 hour each, or to the wait-list control group. The training groups will complete aerobic, strength or mixed (aerobic+strength) training. The participants will be assessed before, immediately after and 6 months after the end of the intervention. The patients in the wait-list control group (n=15) will receive one of the three trainings immediately after the intervention. The study variables will include positive, negative and general symptomology (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) as the primary outcome; as secondary outcome: body composition (by assessing body mass index, body fat mass and waist circumference), physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form) and quality of life (abbreviated WHO Quality of Life questionnaire).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committees for Biomedical Research at the CEU Cardenal Herrera University of Valencia, Spain (CEI18/215). Participants will be fully informed of the purpose and procedures of the study, and written informed consent will be obtained. The results from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04987151.
Abstract Aims and Objectives To study the effects of virtual reality (VR) on pain perception among a paediatric population while being vaccinated. We will also investigate the effects of VR on the ...fear experienced by children during the vaccination procedure, as well as parental satisfaction levels. Background Many studies, for example, in the fields of oncology, dermatology or plastic surgery, have described the benefits of using VR to reduce the perception of pain among paediatric populations. These results are encouraging, but their main limitations were the small sample sizes they included or their methodological design. Design This will be a randomised clinical trial. Methods SPIRIT guidelines were followed to report this protocol, and we will use the CONSORT and CONSORT‐EHEALTH guidelines to report the randomised clinical trial. The sample will comprise 148 children aged 3–14 years who will come for vaccination at the Tres Forques Health Center. The participants will be randomly allocated into intervention group (VR; n = 74) or (the control group standard‐of‐care; n = 74) at a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will view experiences with a VR headset as a distraction measure. The study variables will be the level of pain and fear perceived by the child during vaccination, parental satisfaction with the vaccination procedure, and sociodemographic and vaccination variables. Results The start of the study is planned for September 2020, and the results will be expected in September 2021. Conclusions This study aims to identify what measures reduce pain and fear in children during vaccination, which in turn, can help to improve the degree of parental satisfaction with these procedures. Relevance to Clinical Practice Vaccination is an independent function of the nursing profession. Identifying which distraction measures reduce the perception of pain and fear in the paediatric population will not only improve children's experiences but will also improve the satisfaction of both parents and children, thus increasing the degree of compliance with the vaccination schedule.
A literature review was made to determine when third molar (3M) extraction is recommended in symptomatic patients and when it is not recommended.
A Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE search was made for ...articles related to indications for the extraction of 3Ms, published in the last 10 years and up until September 2018.
The electronic search yielded 175 articles. After eliminating duplicates, a total of 173 articles were subjected to review of the title and abstract. Only 19 studies were finally included in the systematic review. There was a well documented increase in morbidity associated to impacted 3Ms (non-restorable caries, fracture, infection, periodontal disease, repeated pericoronitis, cysts and tumors), and in the presence of disease, extraction was considered to be indicated. The extraction of 3Ms with signs and/or symptoms of periodontal disease improved periodontal health at the distal surface of the second molar. Postoperative quality of life of patients with symptomatic 3Ms and with disease improved after surgical extraction.
Extraction is indicated in the presence of disease associated to an impacted 3M, whether symptomatic or not. In contrast, extraction is not indicated in the absence of infection or other associated disease conditions.
Third molar, periodontal disease, periodontitis, pericoronitis, dental caries, occlusal caries, mandibular cysts, osteomyelitis, odontogenic tumor.
PDF
