Complex spherical fuzzy set, an extended version of spherical fuzzy set, is a very powerful tool to capture fourfold information (typically yes, no, abstain and refusal), in which the range of ...degrees occurs in the complex plane with unit disk. Through this prominent feature, complex spherical fuzzy sets outperform earlier concepts of fuzzy sets and their extensions. This research article utilizes complex spherical fuzzy sets and prioritized weighted aggregation operators to construct the complex spherical fuzzy prioritized weighted averaging/geometric operators. We present their most noticeable properties. Further, we establish a decision‐making approach that takes full advantage of the aforesaid operators. To explore their superiority and applicability in decision making, we apply our algorithm to a numerical example. Finally, we compare this decision‐making approach with prevailing methods in this context.
Research on mobile learning indicates that students perceive mobile devices mainly as communication and entertainment tools. Therefore, a key factor in successful mobile learning implementation is ...the initial measurement of students’ acceptance of those devices into their learning. Countless language applications available suggest that mobile devices can be ideal tools for language learning. Surprisingly, there are few studies reporting students’ acceptance of mobile assisted language learning (MALL), let alone MALL acceptance in developing countries. By adapting and extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model, the study assesses the dimensions affecting behavioral intentions and actual use of MALL. Data were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results show that performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions influence students’ attitudes towards using MALL. Accordingly, attitude is the factor that affects behavioral intention the most. The model also shows that behavioral intention has an effect on MALL use. The study concludes that students enrolled in higher education in developing countries such as Colombia have a positive attitude towards MALL. However, an improvement of facilitating conditions, along with a more influential role of the educational community is needed for a successful MALL integration in education.
The theory of convex mapping has a lot of applications in the field of applied mathematics and engineering. The fuzzy Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals are the most significant operator of ...fractional theory which permits to generalize the classical theory of integrals. This study considers the well-known Hermite-Hadamard type and associated inequalities. To full fill this mileage, some new versions of fuzzy Hermite-Hadamard type and Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér type inequalities for up and down convex fuzzy-number valued mappings have been obtained. Some new related fuzzy Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities are also obtained with the help of product of two up and down convex fuzzy-number valued mappings. Moreover, we have introduced some new important classes of fuzzy numbered valued convexity which are known as lower up and down convex (concave) and, upper up and down convex (concave) fuzzy numbered valued mappings by applying some mild restrictions on up and down convex (concave) fuzzy numbered valued mappings. By using these definitions, we have acquired many classical and new exceptional cases which can be viewed as applications of the main results. We also present three examples of fuzzy numbered valued convexity to demonstrate the validity of the fuzzy inclusion relations proposed in this paper.
•This study considers the well-known fuzzy-valued Hermite-Hadamard type and associated inequalities to generalize further.•We use the introduced fuzzy-number valued up and down convexity and fuzzy fractional operator for further extension.•We introduce some new important classes of fuzzy numbered valued convexity.•By using these definitions, we acquire many classical and new exceptional cases.•We present three examples of fuzzy numbered valued convexity to demonstrate the validity of the mail results.
This work improves the theoretical basis of N-soft sets and insists on their practical applications in a multi-agent context. N-soft sets characterize the alternatives in terms of multinary ...descriptions by attributes. We argue that unlike the basic example of soft set theory, N-soft sets are amenable to various interesting approaches in relation to aggregation. However the literature has not provided mechanisms for the aggregation of N-soft sets. And there exists no multi-agent decision making procedure based on N-soft sets either.
Therefore, the goal of this work is twofold. We present a novel theory of aggregation of N-soft sets. The fundamental tools for this purpose are OWA operators. We produce the first scores of alternatives defined by multi-agent, multinary evaluations. Then we apply this theory to multi-agent decision-making. In this way we produce the first algorithms for multi-agent decisions based on N-soft sets. We support our findings with real examples that illustrate the application and versatility of these flexible approaches.
Over the past few years, studies in political ecology and environmental justice have been increasingly connecting the commons and social movements empirically, giving shape to a new, distinctive body ...of research on commons movements. In our review, we first organize and synthesize empirical lessons from this body of literature. We then highlight recent theoretical efforts made by scholars to both bridge and transcend the gap between the theory of the commons and social movement theory. As we illustrate, movements can help create and strengthen commons institutions and discourses, as well as rescale them horizontally and vertically. This is particularly evident in the context of rural community-rights movements in the global South, as well as in new water and food commons movements and community energy movements in both the global South and North. Commons institutions, in turn, can serve as the basis of social mobilization and become a key frame for social movements, as shown in the context of local environmental justice and livelihoods conflicts and anti-privatization struggles. Tensions and contradictions of commons-movement dynamics also exist and reflect trade-offs between diversity versus uniformization and organizational closure versus expansion of discourses and practices. Theoretically, there is an opportunity to cross boundaries from the theory of the commons to social movementtheory and vice versa, e.g., by highlighting the role of political opportunities and framing, and biophysical factors and polycentricity, respectively. More importantly, a new commons movements theory is emerging focusing on cross-scalar organizations, the virtuous cycles between commons projects and mobilization, and the processes of commons-making.
Accurate total cross sections (TCS), within 5%, for electron scattering by N2O molecules have been measured with a magnetically confined electron transmission apparatus for impact energies ranging ...from 1 to 200 eV. For higher energies, these measurements have been complemented with our independent atom-based screening corrected additivity rule, including interference (IAM-SCAR + I) method to determine a complete reference TCS data set in the energy range (1–1000 eV). After a critical discussion that includes our calculated integral elastic and ionization cross sections and the theoretical and experimental data available in the literature, a complete set of integral elastic and inelastic (rotational, vibrational, and electronic excitation, ionization and electron attachment) cross sections, consistent with the reference TCS data, have been derived. This update on the N2O collisional database may help to improve the accuracy of radiation-induced transport models.
We report the effect of the DNA hydration level on damage yields induced by soft X-rays and photoemitted low-energy electrons (LEEs) in thin films of plasmid DNA irradiated in N2 at atmospheric ...pressure under different humidity levels. Contrary to a dilute solution of DNA, the number of H2O molecules per nucleotide (Γ) in these films can be varied from Γ = 2.5 to ∼33, where Γ ≤ 20 corresponds to layers of hydration and Γ = 33 to an additional bulk-like water layer. Our results indicate that DNA damage induced by LEEs does not increase significantly until the second hydration shell is formed. However, this damage increases dramatically as DNA coverage approaches bulk-like hydration conditions. A number of phenomena are invoked to account for these behaviors, including dissociative electron transfer from water–interface electron traps to DNA bases, quenching of dissociative electron attachment to DNA, and quenching of dissociative electronically excited states of H2O in contact with DNA.
H2O/D2O negative ion time-of-flight mass spectra from electron transfer processes at different collision energies with neutral potassium yield OH–/OD–, O–, and H–/D–. The branching ratios show a ...relevant energy dependence with an important isotope effect in D2O. Electronic state spectroscopy of water has been further investigated by recording potassium cation energy loss spectra in the forward scattering direction at an impact energy of 205 eV (lab frame), with quantum chemical calculations for the lowest-lying unoccupied molecular orbitals in the presence of a potassium atom supporting most of the experimental findings. The DO–D bond dissociation energy has been determined for the first time to be 5.41 ± 0.10 eV. The collision dynamics revealed the character of the singly excited (1b2 –1) molecular orbital and doubly excited states in such K–H2O and K–D2O collisions.
Ranked soft sets Santos‐García, Gustavo; Alcantud, José Carlos R.
Expert systems,
July 2023, 2023-07-00, 20230701, Volume:
40, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article defines ranked soft sets and establishes their fundamental theory. This new model of uncertain knowledge is a non‐numerical yet powerful improvement of soft sets. The model relies on a ...qualitative improvement of the basic parameterized description posed by soft sets. We define relations between ranked soft sets and some existing models (N‐soft sets, fuzzy soft sets, probabilistic soft sets) that enhance the soft set spirit with the help of additional quantities. Primary contributions to their development include set‐theoretic operations and representation theorems, at a theoretical level; and scores and aggregation operators, at a practical level. Finally we design a multi‐person decision‐making strategy for data in the form of ranked soft sets that takes advantage of these elements.
The valence-shell dissociative photoionization of methyl iodide (CH
3
I) is studied using double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (i
2
PEPICO) spectroscopy in combination with ...highly-tunable synchrotron radiation from synchrotron SOLEIL. The experimental results are complemented by new high-level
ab initio
calculations of the potential energy curves of the relevant electronic states of the methyl iodide cation (CH
3
I
+
). An elusive conical intersection is found to mediate internal conversion from the initially populated first excited state, CH
3
I
+
(
Ã
2
A
1
), into the ground cationic state, leading to the formation of methyl ions (CH
3
+
). The reported threshold photoelectron spectrum for CH
3
+
reveals that the
ν
5
scissors vibrational mode promotes the access to this conical intersection and hence, the transfer of population. An intramolecular charge transfer takes place simultaneously, prior to dissociation. Upon photoionization into the second excited cationic state, CH
3
I
+
(
B&cmb.tilde;
2
E
), a predissociative mechanism is shown to lead to the formation of atomic I
+
.
The valence-shell dissociative ionization of methyl iodide is studied using electron ion coincidence spectroscopy in combination with synchrotron radiation, revealing a conical intersection between the ground and first excited states of the cation.
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