The paper reports on the recent chance finds of two basket fish-traps in Lake Bled. The presentation of the circumstances of the find is followed by a description of the fish-traps and the materials ...used, as well as the placement of the two devices in the context of historical fishing on the lake. In the following, the use of wickerwork traps in traditional inland fishing in the area of former Carniola and their placement in the ethnography of Europe and the Eurasian region is summarised. The article concludes with an overview of the archaeological data on the use of basket fish-traps in Europe between prehistory and the late Middle Ages.
Leta 2015 je bila v Vrtači pod vrhom hriba Kovk nad Hrastnikom naključno odkrita skupina kovinskih predmetov, ki vključuje negovsko čelado, kavljasto pasno spono in druge dele pasne oprave ter ...tulasto sekiro. Predmete je pridobil Pokrajinski muzej Celje, ki je avgusta 2016 izvedel kontrolno izkopavanje. Odkrit je bil skeletni grob bojevnika z dodatnimi deli pasne oprave, odlomkoma fibule in sulične osti ter stekleno jagodo. Tik ob njem je bil izkopan skeletni grob dekleta z ogrlico iz steklenih jagod, zapestnicama in nanožnicama ter nožičkom.
Med predmeti izstopata negovska čelada različice Vače slovenske vrste in pasna oprava vrste Kovk z izjemno kavljasto spono. Najmlajši grobni pridatki določajo čas pokopa obeh oseb v starejšem delu negovske stopnje.
Grobova pripadata planemu grobišču pod manjšo utrjeno naselbino na vrhu Kovka. Skupaj s skupino gomil na ledini Grobišče pri Kovku dopolnjujeta vedenje o železnodobni poselitvi Zasavja.
Prispevek predstavlja arheološko najdbo srednjeveškega meča iz obrežnih naplavin reke Voglajne pri Bežigradu, severovzhodno od Celja (Slovenija). Razmeroma dobro ohranjen meč dolžine 95,2 cm in mase ...765 g je del izvorne zbirke celjskega Pokrajinskega muzeja, kamor je dospel že pred letom 1889. Orožje lahko na podlagi oblikovnih in metričnih značilnosti rezila z razmeroma širokim žlebom (tip X po E. Oakeshottu oziroma različica 5b po A. Geibigu) ter ročajnega dela z ravnim branikom in mandljastim/lečastim glavičem (kombinacijski tip 16 / var. I (16-15-9-12) po Geibigu) uvrstimo med starejše primerke mečev z glaviči tipa A po Oakeshottu in datiramo v 11. stoletje ali prvo polovico 12. stoletja. Na eni strani rezila so ostanki okoli 20 cm dolgega zaporedja tavširanih železnih znakov, ki zaradi korodiranosti površine žleba ostaja nerazvozlano. Skladnost posameznih delov orožja kaže, da gre verjetno za originalno konfiguracijo meča, domnevno izdelka ene od mečarskih delavnic v osrednjem Porenju. Najdišče meča v bližini Bežigrada, topografsko izpostavljene in strateško pomembne vzpetine v bližini vozlišča prometnih smeri med Štajersko in Kranjsko, opozarja na morebiten obstoj vojaške točke, ki je dopolnjevala nadzorne funkcije domnevanega zgodnjega oporišča grofov Savinjske marke na celjskem Zgornjem (Starem) gradu. Glede na kontekst odkritja sodi meč iz Voglajne v prevladujočo kategorijo vodnih najdb, vendar notranja evidenca orožja ne ponuja zadostnih opor za pojasnitev okoliščin potopitve.
The paper presents the archaeological find of a medieval sword recovered from the riverbank deposits of the Voglajna near Bežigrad, northeast of Celje (Slovenia). The relatively well-preserved sword with a length of 95.2 cm and a mass of 765 g is part of the original collection of the Celje Regional Museum, to which it came before 1889. The shape and metric characteristics of the blade with a relatively wide fuller (Oakeshott’s Type X or Geibig’s Variant 5b) and the hilt with a short, straight crossguard and almond-shaped/lenticular pommel (Geibig’s combination Type 16 / Var. I (16-15-9-12)) show it to be an early example of swords with pommels of Oakeshott’s Type A, dating to the 11th or the first half of the 12th century. One side of the blade bears the remains of a 20 cm long sequence of inlaid iron marks, which remain indecipherable due to corrosion. The harmony of the parts seems to indicate a preserved original design, presumably produced by one of the sword workshops on the Middle Rhine. The findspot of the sword in the vicinity of Bežigrad, a topographically exposed and strategically important promontory near the intersection of the routes connecting Styria and Carniola, alerts to the possible existence of a military post that supplemented the control functions of the presumed early stronghold of the Margraves of the Savinja March on Zgornji (Stari) Grad in Celje. The find context of the sword places it in the predominant category of water finds, but the internal evidence (condition after conservation) of the weapon and the available data on the particular circumstances of the find do not provide sufficient support to explain the background of its sinking.
This paper discusses the archaeological evidence regarding the unique navigational environment of the Ljubljansko barje (Ljubljana Marshes) in the 2nd – 1st centuries BC. The evidence consists of the ...renowned and almost completely preserved flat- bottomed boat of sewn construction from Lipe (1890), the newly discovered sewn boat of a presumably similar size and technology from the Ljubljanica River at Vrhnika (2015), and the very large oak logboat also from Vrhnika featuring complex repairs and other unusual technical solutions. The construction details of all three watercraft originate in Mediterranean shipbuilding practices, but arguably lean on local tradition embedded in the broader socio-cultural environment of the pre-Roman populations of the northern Adriatic and its immediate hinterland.
Pri podvodnem pregledu struge potoka Bistra na Ljubljanskem barju so bili na območju ledine Mali Otavnik odkriti ostanki koliščarske naselbine iz zgodnje bronaste dobe. V plasti peska z ...organskim deritom, ki se je odložila v okolici lesenih pilotov, so bili dokumentirani odlomki keramičnih posod, kamniti odbitki in orodja ter številni neobdelani kostni ostanki živali. Med kera-miko izstopajo fragmenti skodel in vrčka iz fine sive keramike z okrasom vtisnjene vrvice ter bolj številni grobi trebušasti lonci z lijakastim vratom. Naselbina, ki jo radiokarbonska analiza datira med konec 21. in začetek 18. stoletja pr. n. št., leži na skrajnem zahodnem robu razprostranjenosti pramenaste keramike in dopolnjuje fragmentarno poznavanje zadnje faze kolišč na Ljubljanskem barju. V poglobljenem delu struge vzporedno z ostanki kolišča so bili poleg keramike, sorodne tisti iz okolice pilotov, sekire iz jelenjega roga in harpune iz roga kaprida, odkriti tudi odlomki maloštevilnih posod s primerjavami v naselbinskih in grobnih kontekstih med osrednjo Slovenijo, Krasom, Istro in Liko. Slednji morda predstavljajo sledove mlajše faze poselitve iz končnega dela zgodnje bronaste dobe ali srednje bronaste dobe.
Prispevek obravnava fenomen nenavadno velikega števila najdb srednjeveških mečev iz reke Ljubljanice na Ljubljanskem barju. Odsotnost ali pomanjkljivost najdiščnih podatkov, ki zaznamuje večino od ...več kot 56 odkritih primerkov, narekuje poglobljeno obravnavo t. i. notranjih pokazateljev posameznih najdb. Ti vključujejo stanje meča ob odkritju, sledove poškodb in manipulacij ter prisotnost ali odsotnost ostankov nožnice. Preučitev in upoštevanje tovrstnih dejavnikov nadgrajuje analizo tipološko-kronoloških značilnosti orožja, delno blaži izpad arheoloških podatkov o kontekstu in lahko do določene mere celo prispeva k osredotočanju interpretativnih nastavkov oziroma hipotez o okoliščinah in vzrokih potopitve. Kronološka strukturiranost mečev z vrhuncem med 12. in sredino 14. st. ter slabše oprijemljivim številom poznejših najdb, relativna maloštevilnost najdb sočasnega orožja na drogu ter konjske in konjeniške opreme, ki bi dokazovala intenzivnejše premike v obrečnem prostoru, nadalje zgoščeno pojavljanje mečev na določenih odsekih reke in končno omejena, iz okolja izvirajoča tveganja za naključne izgube v veliki meri izključujejo možnost ponavljajočih se dejanj iz trenutnih vzgibov in podpirajo domnevo, da je potopitev pomembnega dela obravnavanega orožja rezultat zavestnih odločitev oziroma namere.
The book discusses the minor settlements that dotted the territory of present-day Slovenia in the Roman period. This geographically diverse territory was crossed by important lines of communication ...and divided between three large administrative units of the Roman state: Italy and the provinces of Noricum and Upper Pannonia. Twenty-six authors wrote contributions on individual settlements in a comprehensive and clear manner roughly following a common concept. The presentation of each settlement opens with its location and name in Antiquity, possible habitation traces from prehistory, mentions in ancient literary texts and documents, and recovered epigraphic evidence. The next, main part offers an overview of the archaeological remains from the Roman period: topography, infrastructure, buildings, cemeteries and portable remains of particular significance. This is followed by the information on the status of a settlement, social standing of its inhabitants, their administrative or military functions, as well as professional or ethnical background. All is brought together in an outline of the historical development of each settlement.
We present the results of a dendrochronological study and radiocarbon dating of the wooden piles of the bridge over the Drava River in Ptuj. The piles, together with stone elements (a fragment of an ...imperial building inscription and parts of the architectural decoration) were retrieved from the riverbed in 1913 and are now in the Regional Museum Ptuj - Ormož. Using dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating of carefully selected annual rings in the wood and calibration with the wiggle-matching method, the date of the last (outermost) annual ring on the pile was determined to be 161 ± 27 cal AD (1σ) or 160 ± 32 cal AD (2σ). Since the pile contained no sapwood, the dating approximately agrees with the date of the building inscription on the stone slab, which attributes the commission for the reconstruction or construction of the bridge to Emperor Hadrian in the last years of his reign (117-138 AD). The dating of the wood has thus confirmed that the remains examined do indeed belong to a Roman bridge, probably built or renovated during the reconstruction of the road network in the area of the colony of Poetovio under Hadrian or one of his successors.
We present the results of a dendrochronological study and radiocarbon dating of the wooden piles of the bridge over the Drava River in Ptuj. The piles, together with stone elements (a fragment of an ...imperial building inscription and parts of the architectural decoration) were retrieved from the riverbed in 1913 and are now in the Regional Museum Ptuj - Ormož. Using dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating of carefully selected annual rings in the wood and calibration with the wiggle-matching method, the date of the last (outermost) annual ring on the pile was determined to be 161 ± 27 cal AD (1σ) or 160 ± 32 cal AD (2σ). Since the pile contained no sapwood, the dating approximately agrees with the date of the building inscription on the stone slab, which attributes the commission for the reconstruction or construction of the bridge to Emperor Hadrian in the last years of his reign (117-138 AD). The dating of the wood has thus confirmed that the remains examined do indeed belong to a Roman bridge, probably built or renovated during the reconstruction of the road network in the area of the colony of Poetovio under Hadrian or one of his successors.
The Ljubljanica River with its tributaries has witnessed no less than a quarter of a century of organised underwater research. The latter has shown that the archaeological complex there ...unquestionably ranks among the most interesting ones in Slovenia with the finds from the beds and banks of the waterways speaking of nearby settlements, cemeteries, forts, control points or places of cult.These, together with various types of river vessels and other traces of water exploitation, improve in many ways the knowledge of the phenomenon that is the Ljubljansko barje as a cultural landscape as well as its specific dynamics closely related to the natural changes in the environment from the early periods of the prehistory onwards.
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