The Time Of Propagation (TOP) counter is a novel particle identification detector which relies on the precise detection time of Cherenkov photons produced by charged particles traversing a quartz ...bar. The TOP counter is constituted by 16 modules that cover the barrel region of the Belle II detector. Each module is instrumented with 32 Micro-Channel-Plate Photo-Multiplier-Tube (MCP-PMT) detectors, which are read out by dedicated fast waveform-sampling front-end electronics. After recalling the performance goals and stringent design requirements of the TOP counter, a comprehensive overview of its calibration strategies will be given. The status of the integration with the other Belle II sub-detectors and the performance during the commissioning phase with cosmic ray data will be presented, along with a preliminary study of the first SuperKEKB collision events.
Recently there has been a discussion in criminal law science about the inclusion in the criminal block of a new institution – a criminal misdemeanor – a wrongful act, in relation to which special, ...less strict rules for determining the amount of punishment are applied and, presumably, the concept of a criminal record does not apply. The article examines the prospects for introducing the category of “criminal misdemeanor” in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, provides an assessment and comments on the reform proposed by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, examines various scientific points of view on the institution and approaches to formulating the definition, predicts the main directions of development of the new institution. The most controversial issues of a possible reform are: 1) the concept and place of a criminal misdemeanor (as an independent tort or a subtype of minor crimes); 2) the method of consolidation (in the form of a chapter of the criminal code or an independent code of criminal misdemeanors); 3) types of punishment (fine, correctional labor, arrest); 4) the occurrence of a criminal record (conditions, terms, duration); 5) ways of securing new punishments (in the form of independent articles of the criminal code or additional wording of existing articles, indicating a smaller amount of punishment if applied to a person who has committed a criminal misdemeanor).
Objectives Among different people, especially the elderly who are undergoing their specific physical, emotional, and psychological conditions, quality of life is considered an issue that is of ...paramount importance. The present study aims to make a comparison between the quality of life in elderly women who lead an active life with those with a non-active one with special emphasis on physical activity. Methods & Materials The study is a descriptive research including a sample population of 176 elderly women over 60 years old in Bandar-e Gaz city in Iran. Convenience sampling was performed. To obtain the required data, a Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. All the statistical operations were done using SPSS Statistics 20 in significance level of P≤0.05. Results The results of study indicate that the average age of active and non-active women were 65.69±5.45 and 64.32±5.14 respectively. The active elderly women enjoyed a higher quality of life than the non-active ones considering indicators such as physical performance limitations, physical and emotional problems, and pain and public health. However, in terms of social function indicator, no significant difference was noted between them. Mental and public health indicators are considered as the most important aspects of quality of life. Conclusion The findings of this study suggested engaging in regular physical activity as it could work as a significant strategy to improve the quality of life among the elderly. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the officials dealing with public health create appropriate facilities for the physical activity and sports of the elderly women.
Due to the increasing number of natural and technogenic disasters the development of geological environment monitoring system is actual using modern mathematical tools and information technology. The ...local monitoring of potentially dangerous objects is an important part of the overall environment monitoring system. Complex geophysical research was conducted on Rivne NPP area. Among these monitoring observations radioisotope study of soil density and humidity near the perimeter of buildings is of the greatest interest. In this case a problem was occurred to supplement simulated data that were received at the control of chalky strata density changes at the research industrial area with use of radioisotope methods on a grid that included 29 wells. This problem was solved in this work by statistical simulation method that provides the ability to display values (random field on a plane) in any point of the monitoring area. The chalk strata averaged density at the industrial area was simulated using the built model and the involvement optimal in the mean square sense correlation function generalized Gneiting type. In this paper the method is used and the model and procedure were developed with enough adequate data for generalized Gneiting type correlation function. The model and algorithm were developed and examples of karst-suffusion phenomena statistical simulation were given in the problem of density chalk strata monitoring at the Rivne NPP area. The statistical model of averaged density chalk strata distribution was built in the plane and statistical simulation algorithm was developed using generalized Gneiting type correlation function based on spectral decomposition. The research subject realizations were obtained with required detail and regularity at the observation grid based on the developed software. Statistical analysis of the numerical simulation results was done and tested for its adequacy.
Many scenarios of physics beyond the standard model predict the existence of new gauge singlets, which might be substantially lighter than the weak scale. The experimental constraints on additional ...scalars with masses in the MeV to GeV range could be significantly weakened if they interact predominantly with leptons rather than quarks. At an e+e− collider, such a leptophilic scalar (ϕL) would be produced predominantly through radiation from a τ lepton. We report herein a search for e+e−→τ+τ−ϕL, ϕL→ℓ+ℓ− (ℓ=e, μ) using data collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. No significant signal is observed, and we set limits on the ϕL coupling to leptons in the range 0.04<mϕL<7.0 GeV. These bounds significantly improve upon the current constraints, excluding almost entirely the parameter space favored by the observed discrepancy in the muon anomalous magnetic moment below 4 GeV at 90% confidence level.
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Axionlike particles (ALPs) are predicted in many extensions of the standard model, and their masses can naturally be well below the electroweak scale. In the presence of couplings to electroweak ...bosons, these particles could be emitted in flavor-changing B meson decays. We report herein a search for an ALP, a, in the reaction B^{±}→K^{±}a, a→γγ using data collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. No significant signal is observed, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the ALP coupling to electroweak bosons are derived as a function of ALP mass, improving current constraints by several orders of magnitude in the range 0.175 GeV<m_{a}<4.78 GeV.
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In the article, universal methods of statistical modeling (Monte Carlo methods) of geophysical data using the Gaussian correlation function have been developed, which make it possible to solve the ...problems of generating adequate realizations of random fields on a grid in three-dimensional space of required regularity and detail. Since in geophysics, most of the results of object research are presented in digital form, the accuracy of which depends on various random influences, the problem of the condition of the maps arises in the case when the data cannot be obtained with the specified detail in some observation areas. It is proposed to apply statistical simulation of random fields methods, to solve the problems of conditional maps, supplement the required detail of research results with additional data, to achieve the required accuracy of observations, and other similar problems in geophysics. An algorithm for numerical modeling of realizations of homogeneous isotropic random fields in three-dimensional space with a Gaussian correlation function is formulated on the basis of the theorem on estimation of the mean-square approximation of such random fields by the partial sum of the "spectral decomposition" series. Using the example of data from aeromagnetic surveying in the area of the Ovruch depression, the proposed algorithm for statistical modeling of random fields is implemented in solving the problems of map fitness by supplementing the data with simulated adequate implementations to the required level of detail. When analyzing data by profiles, they are divided into deterministic (trend) and random components. The trend is proposed to approximate by cubic splines and the homogeneous isotropic random component is proposed to modeling on the basis "spectral decomposition" of random fields on 3-D space in the Ovruch depression. According to the algorithm, authors received random component implementations on the study area with twice detail for each profile. When checking their adequacy, authors made the conclusions that the relevant random components histogram has Gaussian distribution. The built variogram of these implementations has the best approximation by theoretical variogram which is connected to the Gaussian type correlation function. As a result of superimposing the simulated array of the random component on the spline approximation of the real data, a more detailed implementation was obtained for the data of geomagnetic observations in the selected area. A comparative analysis of the results of modeling realizations random fields with the Gaussian correlation function with other correlation functions is carried out. Therefore, the method of statistical modeling of realizations of random fields in three-dimensional space with the Gaussian correlation function makes it possible to supplement the results of measurements of the full magnetic field intensity vector with data with a given detail as much as possible.
The present study was carried out to examine the effects of philosophical mindset training on religious attitudes and life skills of elementary school teachers. This quasi-experimental research had a ...pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study comprised all elementary school teachers in Sari from among them thirty individuals were selected through cluster sampling method. The drawn sample was randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments consisted of Life Skills Questionnaire (Sa’atchi, Kamkari & Asgarian, 2010) and Religious Attitudes Questionnaire (Glock & Stark, 1965). The content validity of the measures was approved by experts and their internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha test. The experimental group received philosophical mindset training in six sessions. The training was provided based on Smith’s theory (1990, translated by Behrangi, 2013) and in three dimensions of comprehensiveness, introspection, and flexibility. The obtained data were analyzed via ANCOVA. The results showed that philosophical mindset training had significant, positive effects on religious attitudes and life skills of elementary school teachers.
We report on a precision measurement of the ratio R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)}=B(ϒ(3S)→τ^{+}τ^{-})/B(ϒ(3S)→μ^{+}μ^{-}) using data collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II e^{+}e^{-} collider. The ...measurement is based on a 28 fb^{-1} data sample collected at a center-of-mass energy of 10.355 GeV corresponding to a sample of 122 million ϒ(3S) mesons. The ratio is measured to be R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)}=0.966±0.008_{stat}±0.014_{syst} and is in agreement with the standard model prediction of 0.9948 within 2 standard deviations. The uncertainty in R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)} is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the only previous measurement.
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