Climatic oscillations over the Quaternary have had a lasting impact on species’ distribution, evolutionary history, and genetic composition. Many species show dramatic population size changes ...coinciding with the last glacial period. However, the extent and direction of change vary across biogeographic regions, species-habitat associations, and species traits. Here we use genomic data to assess population size changes over the late Quaternary using the Pairwise Sequential Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) approach in two Eurasian Owlet species—the Spotted Owlet,
Athene brama
, and the Jungle Owlet,
Glaucidium radiatum
. While Spotted Owlets are typically associated with open habitats, Jungle Owlets are found in deciduous forests and scrublands. We find that the effective population size for the Spotted Owlet increased after the Interglacial period till the Last Glacial Maxima and subsequently declined toward the Mid-Holocene. On the other hand, effective population size estimates for the Jungle Owlet increased gradually throughout this period. These observations are in line with climatic niche model-based predictions for range size change for both species from a previous study and suggest that habitat associations at the local scale are important in determining responses to past climatic and vegetational changes. The Spotted Owlet result also aligns well with the expectation of open habitat expansion during the arid Glacial Maxima, whereas for the Jungle Owlet the contrasting expectation does not hold. Therefore, assessing the impacts of glacial history on population trajectories of multiple species with different habitat associations is necessary to understand the impacts of past climate on South Asian taxa.
We constructed a theoretical model of cost–benefit optimization for farmers who face continued economic loss due to crop raiding by wild herbivores, as well as for the wild herbivores that do so. ...Insights obtained from the model include: (i) In sustenance agriculture, a farmer needs to optimize net benefit rather than benefit-to-cost ratio, whereas herbivores need to optimize the benefit-to-cost ratio. (ii) It is imperative for a farmer to disinvest from agricultural inputs when threatened by depredation. (iii) Many mitigation measures that are highly successful on an experimental scale are most likely to fail when used on a mass scale. (iv) The effectiveness of mitigation measures such as fencing, trenching and culling will be non-monotonic, being counterproductive under certain conditions.
The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has ushered in an era of unprecedented data generation and processing demands. To meet these challenges, the convergence of Artificial ...Intelligence (AI) and Edge Computing has emerged as a promising solution. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in AI-Driven Edge Computing for IoT, exploring key technologies, architectures, and applications. We begin by providing an overview of the fundamental concepts underpinning IoT and edge computing, highlighting the convergence of these technologies. As IoT continues to expand its reach across diverse domains, understanding the synergy between AI and edge computing is paramount for unlocking the full spectrum of possibilities, driving innovation, and ensuring a more connected and intelligent future
To enhance the handover performance in fifth generation (5G) cellular systems, conditional handover (CHO) has been evolved as a promising solution. Unlike A3 based handover where handover execution ...is certain after receiving handover command from the serving access network, in CHO, handover execution is conditional on the RSRP measurements from both current and target access networks, as well as on mobility parameters such as preparation and execution offsets. Analytic evaluation of conditional handover performance is unprecedented in literature. In this work, handover performance of CHO has been carried out in terms of handover latency, handover packet loss and handover failure probability. A Markov model accounting the effect of different mobility parameters (e.g., execution offset, preparation offset, time-to-preparation and time-to-execution), UE velocity and channel fading characteristics; has been proposed to characterize handover failure. Results obtained from the analytic model has been validated against extensive simulation results. Our study reveal that optimal configuration of \(O_{exec}\), \(O_{prep}\), \(T_{exec}\) and \(T_{prep}\) is actually conditional on underlying UE velocity and fading characteristics. This study will be helpful for the mobile operators to choose appropriate thresholds of the mobility parameters under different channel condition and UE velocities.
Automatic vegetable differentiator Angalaeswari, S.; Nag, Samriddha; Kumar, Aniket ...
2017 IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (ICPCSI),
2017-Sept.
Conference Proceeding
The main objective of the project was to differentiate between potatoes and onions and classify them on the basis of sizes - small, medium and large. Thus, for the first task i.e., to differentiate ...between potatoes and onions, we used a color sensor which can detect the color of the respective vegetable and separate them accordingly. For the second task i.e., to classify them according to the size we used five IR sensors. If any two IR sensors detect the vegetable, then it signifies that it is a small produce and it'll be separated using a flap at a certain angle. Similarly, if three sensors detect then the produce is medium sized and it'll be separated at an angle unlike to that of the small one. Finally, if all the five sensors detect then the produce will be classified as a large produce and will be separated at a different angle other than that of the other two. This procedure applies for both vegetables with potatoes on one side and onions on the other direction. This project shall have an application in both farming and the upliftment of the agricultural sector and the life of farmers.
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