•In humanitarian settings, culture and context play a fundamentally important role in psychosocial interventions.•Principle-driven design is a more culturally sensitive alternative to manualized ...programming in emergency settings.•Explicit codesign processes between trainers and local experts lead to develop contextually appropriate practices in education and mental health field.
Providers of psychosocial support in humanitarian settings have been accused of doing harm when western experts offer interventions that ignore the culturally needs of populations under stress. Instead, when designing treatment, prevention, and mental health services in humanitarian settings, it’s fundamental considering cultural and social processes.
In this paper, we review different ways of designing and delivering psychosocial support programs in humanitarian settings, describing a range of approaches that increase sensitivity to the cultural and contextual differences of program participants. A five rung “Ladder of Program Adaptation” is proposed to differentiate approaches to the development and implementation of PSS programs in humanitarian settings. In particular, the barriers to the implementation of manualized programming in emergency settings are identified and addressed and a principle-driven design is proposed as a more culturally sensitive alternative. Finally, to illustrate the application of a principle-driven approach to practice, a case study of the Tutor of Resilience (TOR) program is presented.
The fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (4LAC) between 2008 August 4 and 2016 August 2 contains objects located at ...high Galactic latitudes ( ). It includes 85% more sources than the previous 3LAC catalog based on 4 yr of data. AGNs represent at least 79% of the high-latitude sources in the fourth Fermi-Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), which covers the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV. In addition, gamma-ray AGNs are found at low Galactic latitudes. Most of the 4LAC AGNs are blazars (98%), while the remainder are other types of AGNs. The blazar population consists of 24% Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), 38% BL Lac-type objects, and 38% blazar candidates of unknown types (BCUs). On average, FSRQs display softer spectra and stronger variability in the gamma-ray band than BL Lacs do, confirming previous findings. All AGNs detected by ground-based atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes are also found in the 4LAC.
Among the most promising prospects for a theory of physics beyond the standard model is supersymmetry. In this talk, the latest results from the CMS experiment at the LHC on searches for ...supersymmetry produced through strong production and electroweak production channels are presented using 20/fb of data from the 8 TeV LHC run, with particular focus on gluino and stop searches.
Background
Dupilumab is approved for use in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and as an add‐on maintenance treatment in patients suffering from severe asthma with type 2 inflammation. Ocular ...adverse events (OAEs) have been reported with dupilumab almost exclusively in patients treated for AD.
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence and nature of dupilumab‐induced OAEs and to assess the potential predisposing factors.
Patients and methods
We conducted a prospective, single‐centre, real‐life study in adult AD patients treated with dupilumab, who were systematically examined by an ophthalmologist before and during treatment.
Results
Forty‐six patients were included prospectively with a median age of 41.1 years and a median initial SCOring Atopic Dermatitis of 46.0 (IQR: 34.5–55.5). OAEs concerned 34.8% of patients and were mostly of mild to moderate severity. Two patients had to discontinue treatment due to OAE. The majority of patients developed or aggravated dry eye disease, with superficial punctate keratitis (SPK). Six patients developed conjunctivitis. Dupilumab‐induced OAEs were associated with the following pre‐existing parameters: dry eye disease with SPK (Odds ratio (OR); 6.3 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–31.6), eyelid eczema (OR: 8.7 95%CI: 1.8–40.6), history of food allergy (OR 3.8 (95% CI: 1.002–14,070) and IgE serum level> 1000 kU/L (OR:10.6 CI 95%: 1.2–91.3).
Conclusion
Atopic dermatitis patients with eyelid eczema or dry eye disease symptoms may be referred to an ophthalmologist before starting dupilumab to consider initiating preventive eye hydration measures. Further multicentric and translational studies are warranted to better explain OAEs pathophysiology.
We present a catalog of sources detected above 10 GeV by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in the first 7 years of data using the Pass 8 event-level analysis. This is the Third Catalog of Hard ...Fermi-LAT Sources (3FHL), containing 1556 objects characterized in the 10 GeV-2 TeV energy range. The sensitivity and angular resolution are improved by factors of 3 and 2 relative to the previous LAT catalog at the same energies (1FHL). The vast majority of detected sources (79%) are associated with extragalactic counterparts at other wavelengths, including 16 sources located at very high redshift (z > 2). Of the sources, 8% have Galactic counterparts and 13% are unassociated (or associated with a source of unknown nature). The high-latitude sky and the Galactic plane are observed with a flux sensitivity of 4.4 to 9.5 × 10−11 ph cm−2 s−1, respectively (this is approximately 0.5% and 1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 10 GeV). The catalog includes 214 new γ-ray sources. The substantial increase in the number of photons (more than 4 times relative to 1FHL and 10 times to 2FHL) also allows us to measure significant spectral curvature for 32 sources and find flux variability for 163 of them. Furthermore, we estimate that for the same flux limit of 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1, the energy range above 10 GeV has twice as many sources as the range above 50 GeV, highlighting the importance, for future Cherenkov telescopes, of lowering the energy threshold as much as possible.
The purpose of this study was to construct and characterize iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP
) for intracellular delivery of the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX; IONP
) in order to induce tumor cell ...inactivation. More than 80% of the loaded drug was released from IONP
within 24 h (100% at 70 h). Efficient internalization of IONP
and IONP
in HeLa cells occurred through pino- and endocytosis, with both IONP accumulating in a perinuclear pattern. IONP
were biocompatible with maximum 27.9% ± 6.1% reduction in proliferation 96 h after treatment with up to 200 µg/mL IONP
. Treatment with IONP
resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell proliferation (IC
= 27.5 ± 12.0 μg/mL after 96 h) and a reduced clonogenic survival (surviving fraction, SF = 0.56 ± 0.14; versus IONP
(SF = 1.07 ± 0.38)). Both IONP constructs were efficiently internalized and retained in the cells, and IONP
efficiently delivered DOX resulting in increased cell death vs IONP
.
Resilience is a dynamic process involving the presence and interaction of personal and environmental factors that modify the impact of adversity. Resilience-building interventions are therefore ...important for improving trauma-related outcomes in children and caregivers exposed to adversity. This study examines the impact of the Tutor of Resilience (TOR) program on beneficiaries’ trauma-related symptoms and on mother–child interactions in a group of children exposed to maltreatment (
N
= 186; mean age = 11.95; SD = 2.50). Assessments were completed at baseline and post-intervention. RM-ANOVAs indicated significant improvements for most trauma symptoms (anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, and disassociation, but not depression) in the intervention group relative to a control group (
N
= 88; mean age = 10.76; SD = 2.57), and indicated further improvements to anxiety and dissociation for the intervention group when mothers were involved. Mother–child interactions also improved over time, as did their overall trauma symptoms and distress. Findings support the effectiveness of the ToR, especially when involving mothers.
Conventional MR imaging has limitations in detecting focal cortical dysplasia. We assessed the added value of 7T in patients with histologically proved focal cortical dysplasia to highlight ...correlations between neuropathology and ultra-high-field imaging.
Between 2013 and 2019, we performed a standardized 7T MR imaging protocol in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. We focused on 12 patients in whom postsurgical histopathology revealed focal cortical dysplasia and explored the diagnostic yield of preoperative 7T versus 1.5/3T MR imaging and the correlations of imaging findings with histopathology. We also assessed the relationship between epilepsy surgery outcome and the completeness of surgical removal of the MR imaging-visible structural abnormality.
We observed clear abnormalities in 10/12 patients using 7T versus 9/12 revealed by 1.5/3T MR imaging. In patients with focal cortical dysplasia I, 7T MR imaging did not disclose morphologic abnormalities (
= 0/2). In patients with focal cortical dysplasia II, 7T uncovered morphologic signs that were not visible on clinical imaging in 1 patient with focal cortical dysplasia IIa (
= 1/4) and in all those with focal cortical dysplasia IIb (
= 6/6). T2*WI provided the highest added value, disclosing a peculiar intracortical hypointense band (black line) in 5/6 patients with focal cortical dysplasia IIb. The complete removal of the black line was associated with good postsurgical outcome (
= 4/5), while its incomplete removal yielded unsatisfactory results (
= 1/5).
The high sensitivity of 7T T2*-weighted images provides an additional tool in defining potential morphologic markers of high epileptogenicity within the dysplastic tissue of focal cortical dysplasia IIb and will likely help to more precisely plan epilepsy surgery and explain surgical failures.
A recently discovered rhodopsin ion pump (DeNaR, also known as KR2) in the marine bacterium Dokdonia eikasta uses light to pump protons or sodium ions from the cell depending on the ionic composition ...of the medium. In cells suspended in a KCl solution, DeNaR functions as a light-driven proton pump, whereas in a NaCl solution, DeNaR conducts light-driven sodium ion pumping, a novel activity within the rhodopsin family. These two distinct functions raise the questions of whether the conformations of the protein differ in the presence of K+ or Na+ and whether the helical movements that result in the canonical E → C conformational change in other microbial rhodopsins are conserved in DeNaR. Visible absorption maxima of DeNaR in its unphotolyzed (dark) state show an 8 nm difference between Na+ and K+ in decyl maltopyranoside micelles, indicating an influence of the cations on the retinylidene photoactive site. In addition, electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the dark states reveal repositioning of helices F and G when K+ is replaced with Na+. Furthermore, the conformational changes assessed by EPR spin–spin dipolar coupling show that the light-induced transmembrane helix movements are very similar to those found in bacteriorhodopsin but are altered by the presence of Na+, resulting in a new feature, the clockwise rotation of helix F. The results establish the first observation of a cation switch controlling the conformations of a microbial rhodopsin and indicate specific interactions of Na+ with the half-channels of DeNaR to open an appropriate path for ion translocation.
PDF
