Compared to traditional organic liquid electrolytes, which often present leakage, flammability, and chemical stability problems, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are widely regarded as one of the ...most promising candidates for the development of safer lithium‐ion batteries. Vitrimers are a new class of polymer materials consisting of dynamic covalent networks that can change their topology by thermally activated bond‐exchange reactions. Herein, the recyclable and self‐healing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with a soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based imine bond dynamic network are reported. This malleable covalent cross‐linked network polymer can be reshaped and recycled at high temperature (100 °C) or only with water at ambient temperature (25 °C), which may realize the green processing of energy materials. The introduction of bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI) significantly reinforces the conductivity of the dynamic network to a maximum of 3.3 × 10−4 S cm‐1. This simple and applicable method establishes new principles for designing scalable and flexible strategies for fabricating polymer electrolytes.
The recyclable and self‐healing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with a soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based imine bond dynamic network display favorable mechanical strength (77.4 MPa), high ionic conductivity (3.3 × 10−4 S cm−1). Thus, the SPEs based on the imine bond dynamic network of SPI is a promising platform for recyclable and repairable electrolytes.
Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and antimicrobial-resistant strains pose a serious threat to public health. We used Bayesian hierarchical models of ...culture-confirmed infections during 2004-2016 from 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance systems to estimate changes in the national incidence of resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella infections. Extrapolating to the United States population and accounting for unreported infections, we estimated a 40% increase in the annual incidence of infections with clinically important resistance (resistance to ampicillin or ceftriaxone or nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin) during 2015-2016 (≈222,000 infections) compared with 2004-2008 (≈159,000 infections). Changes in the incidence of resistance varied by serotype. Serotypes I 4,5,12:i:- and Enteritidis were responsible for two thirds of the increased incidence of clinically important resistance during 2015-2016. Ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible infections accounted for more than half of the increase. These estimates can help in setting targets and priorities for prevention.
Display omitted
•A lipid bilayer-inspired soy protein-based film was proposed via a facile process.•This film possessed superior toughness (24.54 MJ/m3) and rapid self-healing ability.•A ...multifunctional responsiveness achieved to detect humidity or temperature change.
With the increasing interest and demand for intelligent, multifunctional materials, a judicious and facile design is essential but still challenging in practical applications. Generally, biological materials perform multiple functions based on the perfect synergy and green methodology. Multifunctional, self-assembled lipid bilayers are excellent sources of inspiration for the effective design of multifunctional materials. Biomaterials possess biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are ideal options for intelligent materials. Herein, with an inspiration from lipid bilayers, a delicately designed soy protein-based material with multiple functions is reported. This material exhibits superior toughness (24.54 MJ/m3) and high stretchability (253.54%), and possesses an outstanding self-healing ability with a rapid healing time at ambient temperature. Its integrated toughness and self-healing ability are superior to those of most reported polymeric materials. In addition, the constructed lipid bilayer-like structure enables this soy protein-based material to act as a sensor that can detect various environmental stimuli (humidity or temperature) through electrical and optical responses. The responsive performance of the soy protein-based material is investigated, which has shown good sensitivity and long-term stability. This soy protein-based material with multiple intelligent functions is potentially applicable in bioengineering, wearable electronics, and smart coating.
•There might be an age-related increase of irisin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of healthy humans.•Circulting irisin levels are higher in male than female in the healthy population.•A saturable ...mechanism might involve in mediating the transport of circulating irisin across the blood-brain barrier.
Adipo-myokine irisin has important effects on the metabolism and functioning of multiple tissues and organs. However, the effects of aging and sex on irisin levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on circulation have not been comprehensively studied.
To investigate whether aging and sex can affect irisin levels in both CSF and plasma; to determine whether CSF irisin uptake involves a saturable transport mechanism.
In the present study, the irisin levels in paired CSF and plasma samples drawn from 71 healthy individuals were used to investigate effects by using commercial ELISA kits and mass spectrometry.
Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that CSF irisin levels are positively correlated with the CSF/plasma irisin ratio and age and that these levels present a reverse correlation with BMI. Age-related increases in CSF levels are validated by using ELISA and mass spectrometry. Higher plasma irisin levels are observed in men than women. CSF and plasma irisin levels are nonlinearly associated with the CSF/plasma irisin ratio, BMI, age and F scores. The CSF/plasma irisin ratio is U-shaped and associated with age.
There might be an age-related increase in irisin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy humans. Circulating irisin levels are higher in males than in females in the healthy population. A saturable mechanism might be involved in mediating the transport of circulating irisin across the blood-brain barrier. Factors shaping irisin levels for both circulation and the CSF of healthy humans must be further defined in future experiments.
Presence–absence data are used widely in analysis of wildlife–habitat relationships. Failure to detect a species’ presence in an occupied habitat patch is a common sampling problem when the ...population size is small, individuals are difficult to sample, or sampling effort is limited. In this paper, the influence of non-detection of occurrence on parameter estimates of logistic regression models of wildlife–habitat relationships was assessed using analytical analysis and simulations. Two patterns of non-detection were investigated: (1) a random distribution of non-detection among occupied patches; and (2) a non-random distribution of non-detection in which the probability of detecting a species in an occupied patch covaried with measurable habitat variables. Our results showed that logistic regression models of wildlife–habitat relationships were sensitive to even low levels of non-detection in occupancy data. Both analytic and simulation studies show that non-detection yields bias in parameter estimation of logistic regression models. More importantly, the direction of bias was affected by the underlying pattern of non-detection and whether the habitat variable was positively or negatively related to occupancy. For a positive habitat coefficient, a random distribution of non-detection yielded negative bias in estimation, whereas linkage of the probability of non-detection to habitat covariates produced positive bias. For a negative habitat coefficient, the pattern was reversed, with a random distribution of non-detection leading to positive bias in estimation. A release–recapture livetrapping study of small mammals in central Indiana, USA, was used to illustrate the magnitude of non-detection in a typical field sampling protocol with varying levels of sampling intensity. Estimates of non-detection error ranged from 0 to 23% for seven species after 5 days of sampling. We suggest that for many sampling situations, relationships between probability of detection and habitat covariates need to be established to correctly interpret results of wildlife–habitat models.
TRPA1 is pivotal in cold hypersensitivity, but its regulatory mechanisms in inflammatory cold hyperalgesia remain poorly understood. We show here that the upregulation of SUMO1-conjugated protein ...levels in a complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain model enhances TRPA1 mRNA stability, ultimately leading to increased expression levels. We further demonstrate that hnRNPA1 binds to TRPA1 mRNA, and its SUMOylation, upregulated in CFA-induced inflammatory pain, contributes to stabilizing TRPA1 mRNA by accumulating hnRNPA1 in the cytoplasm. Moreover, we find that wild-type hnRNPA1 viral infection in dorsal root ganglia neurons, and not infection with the SUMOylation-deficient hnRNPA1 mutant, can rescue the reduced ability of hnRNPA1-knockdown mice to develop inflammatory cold pain hypersensitivity. These results suggest that hnRNPA1 is a regulator of TRPA1 mRNA stability, the capability of which is enhanced upon SUMO1 conjugation at lysine 3 in response to peripheral inflammation, and the increased expression of TRPA1 in turn underlies the development of chronic inflammatory cold pain hypersensitivity.
Display omitted
•Increased SUMO1 conjugation in CFA-induced pain boosts TRPA1 mRNA stability and expression•SUMOylation of hnRNPA1 at K3 promotes its cytoplasmic localization•SUMOylation facilitates hnRNPA1 export, preserving TRPA1 mRNA interaction•SUMOylation of hnRNPA1 upregulates TRPA1, intensifying inflammatory cold hypersensitivity
Zhang et al. report that hnRNPA1 functions as a regulator of TRPA1 mRNA stability. This regulatory capacity is augmented by SUMO1 conjugation at lysine 3 in response to peripheral inflammation. Consequently, the heightened expression of TRPA1 contributes to the manifestation of chronic inflammatory cold pain hypersensitivity.
With the development of information extraction, there have been an increasing number of large-scale knowledge bases available in different domains. In recent years, a great deal of approaches have ...been proposed for large-scale knowledge base alignment. Most of them are based on iterative matching. If a pair of entities has been aligned, their compatible neighbors are selected as candidate entity pairs. The limitation of these methods is that they discover candidate entity pairs depending on aligned relations, which cannot be used for aligning heterogeneous knowledge bases. Only few existing methods focus on aligning heterogeneous knowledge bases, which discover candidate entity pairs just for once by traditional blocking methods. However, the performance of these methods depends on blocking keys heavily, which are hard to select. In this paper, we present an approach for aligning heterogeneous knowledge bases via iterative blocking (AHAB) to improve the discovery and refinement of candidate entity pairs. AHAB iteratively utilizes different relations for blocking, and then matches block pairs based on matched entity pairs. The Cartesian product of unmatched entities in matched block pairs forms candidate entity pairs. By filtering out dissimilar candidate entity pairs, matched entity pairs will be found. The number of matched entity pairs proliferates with iterations, which in turn helps match block pairs in each iteration. Experiments on real-world heterogeneous knowledge bases demonstrate that AHAB is able to yield a competitive performance.
Increasingly, routine surveillance and monitoring of foodborne pathogens using whole-genome sequencing is creating opportunities to study foodborne illness epidemiology beyond routine outbreak ...investigations and case-control studies. Using a global phylogeny of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, we found that major livestock sources of the pathogen in the United States can be predicted through whole-genome sequencing data. Relatively steady rates of sequence divergence in livestock lineages enabled the inference of their recent origins. Elevated accumulation of lineage-specific pseudogenes after divergence from generalist populations and possible metabolic acclimation in a representative swine isolate indicates possible emergence of host adaptation. We developed and retrospectively applied a machine learning Random Forest classifier for genomic source prediction of Salmonella Typhimurium that correctly attributed 7 of 8 major zoonotic outbreaks in the United States during 1998-2013. We further identified 50 key genetic features that were sufficient for robust livestock source prediction.
Salmonella infections are a major cause of illness in the United States. The antimicrobial agents used to treat severe infections include ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. Antimicrobial ...drug resistance has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. To estimate the incidence of resistant culture-confirmed nontyphoidal Salmonella infections, we used Bayesian hierarchical models of 2004-2012 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System and Laboratory-based Enteric Disease Surveillance. We based 3 mutually exclusive resistance categories on susceptibility testing: ceftriaxone and ampicillin resistant, ciprofloxacin nonsusceptible but ceftriaxone susceptible, and ampicillin resistant but ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin susceptible. We estimated the overall incidence of resistant infections as 1.07/100,000 person-years for ampicillin-only resistance, 0.51/100,000 person-years for ceftriaxone and ampicillin resistance, and 0.35/100,000 person-years for ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility, or ≈6,200 resistant culture-confirmed infections annually. These national estimates help define the magnitude of the resistance problem so that control measures can be appropriately targeted.
The study aimed to assess the correlation between the monitoring frequency of PT-INR and the long-term prognosis in patients with mechanical heart valve (MHV) replacement after discharge.
This ...single-center, observational study enrolled patients who underwent MHV replacement and discharged from June 2015 to May 2018. Patients or their corresponding family members were followed with a telephone questionnaire survey in July-October 2020. Based on monitoring intervals, patients were divided into frequent monitoring (FM) group (≤ 1 month) and less frequent monitoring (LFM) group (> 1 month). The primary endpoint was the composite of thromboembolic event, major bleeding or all-cause death. The secondary endpoints were thromboembolic event, major bleeding or all-cause death, respectively.
A total of 188 patients were included in the final analysis. The median follow-up duration was 3.6 years (Interquartile range: 2.6 to 4.4 years). 104 (55.3%) patients and 84 (44.7%) patients were classified into the FM group and the LFM group, respectively. The FM group had a significantly lower incidence of the primary endpoint than the LFM group (3.74 vs. 1.16 per 100 patient-years, adjusted HR: 3.31 95% CI 1.05-10.42, P = 0.041). Secondary analysis revealed that the risk of thromboembolic events and all-cause death were also reduced in the FM group.
The management of warfarin treatment in patients after MHV replacement remains challenging. Patients with less frequent monitoring of PT-INR might have worse clinical prognosis than those with frequent PT-INR monitoring.
PDF
