BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether senescence in renal glomeruli is involved in lupus nephritis (LN); the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and its ...association with glomerular lesions were investigated in a mouse model of LN. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen MRL/lpr mice with severe proteinuria were randomly divided into 2 equal groups and intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone (DEX) or saline; 4 age-matched mice with mild proteinuria served as controls. Serum creatinine and urinary protein levels were analyzed, and kidney histological changes were observed by periodic acid-Schiff and Sirius Red staining. SA-β-Gal was detected via histochemistry. Glomerular expression of collagen IV, α-SMA, and nephrin was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and glomerular complement C3 deposition was tested by immunofluorescence. The relationships between SA-β-Gal expression and renal function or glomerular lesion markers were determined by Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS Mice with severe proteinuria exhibited glomerular segmental sclerosis and endothelial cell proliferation. DEX administration suppressed these lesions but had no significant effect on 24-hour urinary protein levels. The elevated glomerular expression of SA-β-Gal in proteinuric mice was attenuated by DEX treatment. In addition, DEX treatment markedly downregulated glomerular C3 deposition and collagen IV and α-SMA expression, while significantly increasing nephrin expression. Furthermore, SA-β-Gal expression was positively correlated with urinary protein levels and expression of α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated senescence of glomerular cells may contribute to glomerular injury in LN.
The first application of crystal violet as a selective fluorescent switch-on probe for i-motif DNA has been reported. This interaction has been exploited to develop a label-free DNA-based "OR" logic ...gate for potassium and hydrogen ions.
This paper proposes a user-centered location privacy game mechanism, which is aimed to generate corresponding protection strategies based on the LBS service quality, and reduce the calculation scale ...and utility loss.This mechanism is based on the Stackelberg game model.When a user requests a LBS service, he/she uses the location ambiguity mechanism to disturb his/her location and send it to the LBS server, making it difficult for the attacker to predict his/her real location.Based on part of their known background knowledge, attackers infer the protection policies of users in the anonymous area and adjust their attack methods to minimize the level of user privacy.In order to solve the problem of large scale and long time calculation by traditional mathematical methods, this paper adopts generating countermeasures network to participate in the generation of protection strategy, and reduces the utility cost as much as possible.The experimental results show that the protection mechanism has good performance in t
Macrophage-hitchhiked arsenic/AB bionic preparations were developed to improve the therapeutic effect on liver cancer by means of the tumor-targeting ability of macrophages
in vivo
.
In vitro
and
in ...vivo
cellular uptake assays demonstrated that arsenic/AB, with negatively charged particles of around 100-200 nm size, could hitchhike to macrophages. Dissolution experiments of arsenic/AB showed that arsenic/AB could delay the release of arsenic and ensure the safety of macrophages during its transport. Histological examination confirmed the safety of the preparations for major organs.
In vivo
distribution experiment showed that the arsenic/AB bionic preparations could rapidly accumulate in tumors, and
in vivo
treatment experiment showed a significant tumor inhibition of arsenic/AB. The therapeutic mechanism of liver cancer might be that the arsenic/AB bionic preparations could inhibit tumor growth by reducing inflammatory response and inhibiting CSF1 secretion to block CSF1R activation to induce more differentiation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) towards the anti-tumor M1 phenotype. Therefore, we concluded that the arsenic/AB bionic preparations could improve the distribution of arsenic
in vivo
by hitchhiking on macrophages as well as make it have tumor targeting and deep penetration abilities, thus increasing the therapeutic effect of arsenic on liver cancer with reduced side effects.
Arsenic/AB could be effectively delivered to deep tumor by using the tumor-homing tendency of macrophages
in vivo
. And it could induce TAM differentiation into an anti-tumor M1 phenotype by inhibiting the secretion of CSF1 and IL-6.
A novel design of the Fabry–Pérot optical cavity is proposed, utilizing both the topological interface state structures and photonic bandgap materials with a controllable reflection phase. A ...one-to-one correspondence between the traditional Fabry–Pérot cavity and optical topological cavity is found, while the tunable reflection phase of the photonic crystal mirrors provides an extra degree of freedom on cavity mode selection. The relationship between the Zak phase and photonic bandgap provides theoretical guidance to the manipulation of the reflection phase of photonic crystals. The dispersions of interface states with different topology origins are explored. Linear interfacial dispersion emerging in photonic crystals with the valley–spin Hall effect leads to an extra
n
= 0 cavity mode compared to the Zak phase–induced deterministic interface states with quadratic dispersion. The frequency of the
n
= 0 cavity mode is not affected by the cavity length, whose quality factor can also be tuned by the thickness of the photonic crystal mirrors. With the recent help of topology photonics in the tuning reflection phase and dispersion relationship, we hope our results can provide more intriguing ideas to construct topological optical devices.
Electrochemical small-molecule oxidation-boosted water electrolysis has proven to be an energy-saving strategy for electrochemical hydrogen (H2) production. Herein, trimetallic RhNiFe phosphide ...nanosheets on nickel foam (RhNiFe-P/NF) with high electrocatalytic activity are synthesized for constructing a bifunctional electrocatalyst toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Ultrathin RhNiFe-P nanosheets vertically grow on the surface of the three-dimensional (3D) nickel network, and the thickness of the RhNiFe-P nanosheets is only 1.5 nm. The introduction of Rh atoms in RhNiFe-P/NF can regulate the electronic structure and reduce adsorption energy to elevate the electrocatalytic activity. Benefiting from the excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic property of RhNiFe-P/NF, the corresponding two-electrode ethanol device displays a low cell voltage (1.42 V), smaller than that of traditional devices on water electrolysis (1.61 V) at 10 mA cm–2. Meanwhile, electrochemical reforming of ethanol can decrease catalytic voltage in H2 production and generate highly valuable potassium acetate as a byproduct.
Equisetum ramosissimum, a genus of Equisetaceae, is a medicinal plant that can be separated into ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DM), n-hexane (Hex), methanol (MeOH), and water extracts. EA ...extract was known to have potent antioxidative properties, reducing power, DPPH scavenging activity, and metal ion chelating activity. This study compared these five extracts in terms of their inhibiting effects on three human malignant melanomas: A375, A375.S2, and A2058. MTT assay presented the notion that both EA and DM extracts inhibited melanoma growth but did not affect the viabilities of normal dermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) or fibroblasts. Western blot analyses showed that both EA and DM extracts induced overexpression of caspase proteins in all three melanomas. To determine their roles in melanogenesis, this study analyzed their in vitro suppressive effects on mushroom tyrosinase. All extracts except for water revealed moderate suppressive effects. None of the extracts affected B16-F10 cells proliferation. EA extract inhibited cellular melanin production whereas DM extract unexpectedly enhanced cellular pigmentation in B16-F10 cells. Data for modulations of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and tyrosinase-related protein 2 showed that EA extract inhibited protein expression mentioned above whereas DM extract had the opposite effect. Overall, the experiments indicated that the biofunctional activities of EA extract contained in food and cosmetics protect against oxidation, melanoma, and melanin production.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase alpha subunit (HADHA) on the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, a human trophoblast cell line, and its potential mechanism ...of action. MethodsImmunofluorescence staining was done to evaluate the expression levels of HADHA in samples of normal villi and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) villi at 6-8 weeks. Lentiviral infection system was used to construct stable HTR-8/SVneo cell lines with HADHA overexpression and knockdown. Western blot, qRT-PCR, Wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay were used to determine the effect of HADHA on the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells and the expression of relevant genes. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were done to screen for the potential target genes and signaling pathways regulated by HADHA. The specific molecular mechanism of how HADHA regulates the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells was examined by adding the inhibitor of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). Resu
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