The teacher’s lectures are the result of his many years of knowledge and the fruit of his labor, and they serve as an instrument to improve the level of his students to the highest levels. However, ...some students may record the lecture without the teacher’s knowledge and load it onto their own devices, making the teacher feel like his efforts are in vain. It is necessary to pause lawfully and demonstrate the legitimacy of such an act in order to build the argument against anyone who claims ignorance or doubts the legality of this behavior. The teacher has a moral right to his lectures, which forbids anybody from utilizing them until he decides they are appropriate for publication and dissemination, as well as a material right to them because lectures are considered creative works and are protected by copyright. Aside from the issue about who owns the lectures between the teacher and the university, a student may not record the lectures without the permission of the teacher or university. The laws’ restrictions and exceptions will not assist the student in determining the legality of his or her behavior because all restrictions are governed by criteria that do not apply in the student’s instance and do not provide legal protection. Even if a student manages to discuss about the legality of his work while adhering to the rules and exceptions, an attack on private life would be viewed as an attack on a teacher’s right.
Inflammation is a multifaceted defense response of immune system against infection. Chronic inflammation has been implicated as an imminent threat for major human malignancies and is directly linked ...to various steps involved in tumorigenesis. Inflammatory cytokines, interleukins, interferons, transforming growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion molecules have been associated with chronic inflammation. Numerous cytokines are reported to be aberrantly regulated by different epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications in tumor tissues, contributing to pathogenesis of tumor in multiple ways. Some of these cytokines also work as epigenetic regulators of other crucial genes in tumor biology, either directly or indirectly. Such regulations are reported in lung, breast, cervical, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Epigenetics of inflammatory mediators in cancer is currently subject of extensive research. These investigations may help in understanding cancer biology and to develop effective therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this paper is to have a brief view of the aberrant regulation of inflammatory cytokines in human malignancies.
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) has many applications in various aspects of our daily life, including health, criminal, education, civil, business, and liability law. One aspect of AI that ...has gained significant attention is natural language processing (NLP), which refers to the ability of computers to understand and generate human language.
Objective
This study aims to examine the potential for, and concerns of, using AI in scientific research. For this purpose, high-impact research articles were generated by analyzing the quality of reports generated by ChatGPT and assessing the application’s impact on the research framework, data analysis, and the literature review. The study also explored concerns around ownership and the integrity of research when using AI-generated text.
Methods
A total of 4 articles were generated using ChatGPT, and thereafter evaluated by 23 reviewers. The researchers developed an evaluation form to assess the quality of the articles generated. Additionally, 50 abstracts were generated using ChatGPT and their quality was evaluated. The data were subjected to ANOVA and thematic analysis to analyze the qualitative data provided by the reviewers.
Results
When using detailed prompts and providing the context of the study, ChatGPT would generate high-quality research that could be published in high-impact journals. However, ChatGPT had a minor impact on developing the research framework and data analysis. The primary area needing improvement was the development of the literature review. Moreover, reviewers expressed concerns around ownership and the integrity of the research when using AI-generated text. Nonetheless, ChatGPT has a strong potential to increase human productivity in research and can be used in academic writing.
Conclusions
AI-generated text has the potential to improve the quality of high-impact research articles. The findings of this study suggest that decision makers and researchers should focus more on the methodology part of the research, which includes research design, developing research tools, and analyzing data in depth, to draw strong theoretical and practical implications, thereby establishing a revolution in scientific research in the era of AI. The practical implications of this study can be used in different fields such as medical education to deliver materials to develop the basic competencies for both medicine students and faculty members.
Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) are a unique family of proteins that are predominantly localized on the plasma membrane and simultaneously bound to the cell wall. WAKs play a pivotal role in signal ...transduction to regulate growth, defense, and response to environmental stimuli in plants. These kinases have been identified and characterized in various plant species, however, similar information for
Catharanthus roseus
is scarce.
C. roseus
is an evergreen ornamental plant that produces a repertoire of biologically active compounds. The plant is best characterized for the production of antineoplastic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) namely vinblastine and vincristine. Owing to the diverse composition of phytochemicals,
C. roseus
is known as a “model non-model” plant for secondary metabolite research. Genome analyses showed 37 putative
CrWAK
genes present in
C. roseus,
largely localized on the plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six clusters of
Cr
WAKs. Diverse cis-acting elements, including those involved in defense responses, were identified on the promotor regions of
CrWAK
genes. The highest binding affinity (− 12.6 kcal/mol) was noted for
Cr
WAK-22 against tri-galacturonic acid. Tri-galacturonic acid stimulated 2.5-fold higher production of vinblastine, sixfold upregulation of the expression of
ORCA3
transcription factor
,
and 6.14-fold upregulation of
CrWAK-22
expression. Based on these results it was concluded that the expression of
CrWAK
genes induced by biotic elicitors may have an important role in the production of MIAs. The current findings may serve as a basis for functional characterization and mechanistic explanation of the role of
CrWAK
genes in the biosynthesis of MIAs upon elicitation.
In nonstructural infill panels, common materials like expanded polystyrene panels face fire susceptibility, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) incurs high production costs, and traditional bricks come ...with a significant carbon footprint and weight. So, there is a requirement for infill panels that are not just resilient and lightweight but sustainable as well. This study seeks to address these issues by introducing sustainable and lightweight expanded clay aggregate (ECA) in concrete. Firstly, eight ECA mix designs were prepared by integrating fly ash and kerosene with clay, and ECA with a bulk density of 0.59 g/cm³ and compressive strength of up to 1.73 MPa were prepared. The lightest ECA mix was then chosen to explore their use in lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) along with fly ash as a secondary cementitious material. The resulting LWAC had a minimum density of 1,050 kg/m³ and a compressive strength of 6.8 MPa, fulfilling the standard requirements of a minimum of 3.5 MPa for nonstructural concrete.
The global construction industry is shifting toward eco‐friendly building materials to reduce environmental impact while ensuring affordability, energy efficiency, and resource conservation. ...Interlocking compressed earthen bricks (ICEBs) offer a sustainable alternative to traditional bricks. However, ICEB composition significantly impacts their performance. This study investigates the interplay of stabilizer, water, and fine aggregate content to optimize ICEBs. Soil properties were assessed through particle size gradation analysis, Atterberg limits, and the modified Proctor test. ICEBs were manufactured using cement as a stabilizer, with various combinations of stabilizer proportions, water‐to‐soil ratios, and inclusion of fine aggregates. Compressive strength tests were conducted for each mix. Results showed that increased cement content enhanced ICEB compressive strength by promoting the formation of calcium silicate hydrate gel. Water content increments from 12% to 21% improved strength up to 18% but declined thereafter. Higher sand percentages initially reduced compressive strength but improved it with higher cement proportions. The optimal mix ratio was selected for ICEB production, followed by tests including flexural strength assessment, forensic investigations, curing regimes impact, and comprehensive durability and structural performance evaluation. Findings highlight ICEBs’ potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional brick masonry.
Plagiarism is a common issue in written academic assignments and graduation theses. This multicenter study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, opinion, perspective, and agreement of ...Palestinian medical students on strategies/recommendations to curb plagiarism. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire in all universities with medical education programs. The questionnaire contained 12 knowledge items, 8 attitude items, 6 opinion/perspective items, and 8 strategies/recommendations to curb plagiarism. Of the 550 invited medical students, 474 completed the study tool. Knowledge, attitude, opinion, perspective, and agreement on strategies/recommendations scores correlated positively. Higher knowledge, attitude, opinion, perspective, and agreement on strategies/recommendations scores were significantly associated with higher academic/training year, grade point average, satisfaction with academic achievement, academic writing skills, informational skills, using citation managers, receiving courses/workshops/lecturers on plagiarism, using plagiarism checking tools, and participation in a scientific paper/graduation thesis writing. Gaps in knowledge about plagiarism were identified among Palestinian medical students. Educators/trainers and other decision-makers in medical schools and higher academic institutions might use the strategies on which the students agreed to curb plagiarism.
Extensive research has explored cracking in asphalt mixtures under pure mode-I conditions; however, heavy traffic loads often lead to crack formation under mixed-mode fracture conditions in asphalt ...pavements. This paper presents a phase field damage model to simulate mixed-mode I-II fracture phenomena observed in asphalt concrete. In contrast to the conventional approach employing cohesive zone models, which restrict crack propagation exclusively to the peripheries of interface elements within the computational mesh, the model presented herein can simulate crack evolution throughout the material domain. Crack inception and material degradation were modeled using a unified failure criterion and a modified G-criterion. Mode I and mixed-mode I-II asphalt fracture experiments reported in the literature are replicated using the phase field model. The results show that the model can effectively simulate the fracture response with sufficient accuracy. The effect of the offset ratio on the peak load, dissipation energy, mode-mixity, and mode of failure is studied. In addition, the fracture response under different failure criteria is simulated using the parameter χ. It is concluded that with an increase in notch offset, the peak load, dissipated energy, and mode-mixity increase. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that in the case of the provided notched beam with a mere 23 % mode II contribution, the modified and tensile failure criterion-based PFMs are equivalent for χ ≥ 0.707.
•Phase filed model is used to simulate mixed-mode fracture in notched asphalt concrete beams.•Crack initiation and damage are modeled using a unified failure criterion and modified G-criterion.•Peak load and mode-mixity are calculated for beams with different notch offsets under different failure criteria.•The tensile failure criterion mostly governs failure in notched asphalt beams.
NAC transcription factors (TFs) are crucial to growth and defense responses in plants. Though NACs have been characterized for their role in several plants, comprehensive information regarding their ...role in
, a perennial ornamental plant, is lacking. Homology modelling was employed to identify and characterize NACs in
.
propagation of
plants was carried out using cell suspension and nodal culture and were elicited with two auxin-antagonists, 5-fluoro Indole Acetic Acid (5-F-IAA) and α-(phenyl ethyl-2-oxo)-Indole-Acetic-Acid (PEO-IAA) for the enhanced production of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) namely catharanthine, vindoline, and vinblastine. Analyses revealed the presence of 47 putative CrNAC genes in the
genome, primarily localized in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis categorized these CrNACs into eight clusters, demonstrating the highest synteny with corresponding genes in
. Additionally, at least one defense or hormone-responsive cis-acting element was identified in the promoter region of all the putative
s. Of the two elicitors, 5-F-IAA was effective at 200 µM to elicit a 3.07-fold increase in catharanthine, 2.76-fold in vindoline, and 2.4-fold in vinblastine production in nodal culture. While a relatively lower increase in MIAs was recorded in suspension culture. Validation of RNA-Seq by qRT-PCR showed upregulated expression of stress-related genes (
and
), and downregulated expression of growth-related gene (
) in elicited nodal culture of
. Additionally, the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of MIAs was significantly upregulated upon elicitation. The current study provides the first report on the role of CrNACs in regulating the biosynthesis of MIAs.
Osteoarthritis occurs when protective cartilage of bones worn out. Similarlty, cartilage damage occurs mainly in the pannus cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis. It is a potentially debilitating ...condition, affecting women two to three times more often than men. The cause and prognosis of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis are still poorly known. However, advances in the study of disease pathogenesis have encouraged the creation of new therapeutics with improved outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differentially expressed genes potentially involved in dysregulated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their association to other types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis (OA). Complete RNAs were isolated for RNA expression profiling using next-generation sequencing from human primary cultured normal and RA chondrocytes. From RNA sequencing results 250 differentially expressed genes were identified using bioinformatics analysis, of which 32 were found to be significantly playing role in RA pathogenesis and its associated diseases. Molecular ontologies of the identified genes showed they are connected to Innate immune response, Protein phosphorylation, Transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter, Immune response, Neoplasms of bones, as well as osteorthritis, and Rheumatoid arthritis. Among the identified genes, TRAF1, TRAF2, BAMP, STX11, MEOX2, AES, REL, FHL3, PNMA1, SGTA, LZTS2, SIAH2, PNMA1, and TFCP2 were found to be highly enriched in the protein-protein interaction network. The significant cross talks were found in Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Small cell lung cancer, Proteasome, p53 signaling pathway, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, Small cell lung cancer, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathways. The results offer new opportunities for target gene control in RA and OA cartilage destruction.
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