By using water as the hydrogen source, an eco-friendly and practical protocol for the synthesis of Z -vinyl thiocyanates through ultrasound-promoted Brønsted acid ionic liquid-catalyzed ...hydrothiocyanation of activated alkynes under minimal solvent conditions has been developed. This process effectively avoids the use of organic solvents, metal catalysts and harsh reaction conditions. This reaction shows attractive characteristics such as operational simplicity, broad substrate scope with good to excellent yields, ease of scale-up and high energy efficiency and recyclable and reusable catalysts.
Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are often degraded by a mixture of various kinds of noise in the acquisition process, which can include Gaussian noise, impulse noise, dead lines, stripes, and so on. This ...paper introduces a new HSI restoration method based on low-rank matrix recovery (LRMR), which can simultaneously remove the Gaussian noise, impulse noise, dead lines, and stripes. By lexicographically ordering a patch of the HSI into a 2-D matrix, the low-rank property of the hyperspectral imagery is explored, which suggests that a clean HSI patch can be regarded as a low-rank matrix. We then formulate the HSI restoration problem into an LRMR framework. To further remove the mixed noise, the "Go Decomposition" algorithm is applied to solve the LRMR problem. Several experiments were conducted in both simulated and real data conditions to verify the performance of the proposed LRMR-based HSI restoration method.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an effective means to deliver therapeutic drugs for cancer treatment, as they can preferentially accumulate at tumor site through the enhanced permeability and ...retention effect. Various forms of NPs including liposomes, polymeric micelles, and inorganic particles have been used for therapeutic applications. However, the therapeutic benefits of nanomedicines are suboptimal. Although many possible reasons may account for the compromised therapeutic efficacy, the inefficient tumor penetration can be a vital obstacle. Tumor develops characteristic pathological environment, such as abnormal vasculature, elevated interstitial fluid pressure, and dense extracellular matrix, which intrinsically hinder the transport of nanomedicines in the tumor parenchyma. The physicochemical properties of the NPs such as size, shape, and surface charge have profound effect on tumor penetration. In this review, we will highlight the factors that affect the transport of NPs in solid tumor, and then elaborate on designing strategies to improve NPs' penetration and uniform distribution inside the tumor interstitium.
This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Advanced designing strategies can be exploited to improve tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy of cancer nanomedicines.
A variable length crane system under the external disturbances and constraints is studied in the two-dimensional space. The dynamical analysis of the cable system considers the variable length, ...variable tension, variable speed, and the coupled vibrations of the cable in longitudinal-transverse directions. Considering output constraint problems, boundary control algorithms with output signal barriers are designed and acted on the boundary of the cable to reduce the coupled vibrations of the flexible crane cable, and to ensure the stability of the system in theory. Effectiveness and performance of the proposed control schemes are depicted via several simulation examples.
► A capacity fade model for lithium-ion batteries is proposed based on experimental data analysis. ► The model parameters are estimated and updated at each cycle using a Bayesian approach. ► The ...state of health and the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries can be accurately predicted by the proposed model with tuned parameters. ► As more data are used to update the model, the accuracy and precision of the prediction improve.
A new method for state of health (SOH) and remaining useful life (RUL) estimations for lithium-ion batteries using Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) and the Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) method is proposed. In this work, an empirical model based on the physical degradation behavior of lithium-ion batteries is developed. Model parameters are initialized by combining sets of training data based on DST. BMC is then used to update the model parameters and predict the RUL based on available data through battery capacity monitoring. As more data become available, the accuracy of the model in predicting RUL improves. Two case studies demonstrating this approach are presented.
The research of this paper works out the attitude and position control of the flapping wing micro aerial vehicle (FWMAV). Neural network control with full state and output feedback are designed to ...deal with uncertainties in this complex nonlinear FWMAV dynamic system and enhance the system robustness. Meanwhile, we design disturbance observers which are exerted into the FWMAV system via feedforward loops to counteract the bad influence of disturbances. Then, a Lyapunov function is proposed to prove the closed-loop system stability and the semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of all state variables. Finally, a series of simulation results indicate that proposed controllers can track desired trajectories well via selecting appropriate control gains. And the designed controllers possess potential applications in FWMAVs.
A metal‐, base‐ and reductant‐free approach for the efficient synthesis of various N‐acylated 2‐aminoquinolines was reported. In this work, readily available nitriles are used as the amide source, ...and methyl carbazate as both the radical activating reagent and oxygen source. This is the first report on the ester‐radical‐activated highly regioselective addition of nitriles to quinolone N‐oxides. This procedure is expected to complement the current methods for functionalization of N‐oxides via an electrophilic activation mechanism.
The control problem of an uncertain n -degrees of freedom robotic manipulator subjected to time-varying output constraints is investigated in this paper. We describe the rigid robotic manipulator ...system as a multi-input and multi-output nonlinear system. We devise a disturbance observer to estimate the unknown disturbance from humans and environment. To solve the uncertain problem, a neural network which utilizes a radial basis function is used to estimate the unknown dynamics of the robotic manipulator. An asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function is employed in the process of control design to avert the contravention of the time-varying output constraints. Simulation results validate the validity of the presented control scheme.
Time-series remote sensing (RS) images are often corrupted by various types of missing information such as dead pixels, clouds, and cloud shadows that significantly influence the subsequent ...applications. In this paper, we introduce a new low-rank tensor decomposition model, termed tensor ring (TR) decomposition, to the analysis of RS data sets and propose a TR completion method for the missing information reconstruction. The proposed TR completion model has the ability to utilize the low-rank property of time-series RS images from different dimensions. To further explore the smoothness of the RS image spatial information, total-variation regularization is also incorporated into the TR completion model. The proposed model is efficiently solved using two algorithms, the augmented Lagrange multiplier (ALM) and the alternating least square (ALS) methods. The simulated and real-data experiments show superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art low-rank related algorithms.
In this brief, a vibration suppression scheme is investigated for a flexible string system with input hysteresis. The input hysteresis is formulated as a linear desired input and a "disturbance-like" ...term, whose unknown bound is then estimated by an adaptive law. Without constructing a hysteresis inverse, adaptive boundary control is designed to suppress the vibrations of the flexible string, cope with the uncertainties of system parameters, and tackle the hysteresis nonlinearities. Based on the extended LaSalle's invariance principle, asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is also manifested. Simulations are also provided to show the effectiveness of the designed control.
