The first example of an electrochemical multicomponent synthesis of selenium-containing compounds with inexpensive and abundant elemental selenium as the selenating reagent was developed. A variety ...of selenazol-2-amines were constructed in high yields with good functional group tolerance under metal-free and chemical oxidant-free conditions.
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) compose a major component of the tumour microenvironment and form in this microenvironment prior to cancer metastasis. However, the detailed mechanisms of TAM ...remodelling in the context of bladder cancer have not been clearly defined. The present study collected exosomes from the conditioned medium of human bladder T24 cancer cells. The effects of macrophages treated with exosomes derived from T24 cells on bladder cancer cell migration and invasion were analysed by Transwell assays. The expression levels of endogenous and exosomal microRNA-21 (miR-21) were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, while the expression level of the target protein was analysed by western blot analysis. Luciferase reporter plasmids and mutants were used to confirm direct targeting. The effects of miR-21 on bladder cancer cell migration and invasion were analysed by Transwell and Matrigel assays following miR-21 transfection. It was identified that exosomes derived from bladder cancer cells polarized THP-1 cell-derived macrophages into the M2 phenotype, and TAM-mediated pro-migratory and pro-invasive activity was determined. Moreover, it was found that miR-21 was highly expressed in exosomes derived from bladder cancer cells as well as in macrophages treated with exosomes. In addition, macrophages transfected with miR-21 exhibited M2 polarization and promoted T24 cell migratory and invasive ability. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-21 derived from bladder cancer cells inhibited phosphatase and tensin homolog activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in macrophages and enhanced STAT3 expression to promote M2 phenotypic polarization. The present results suggest that exosomal miR-21 can promote cancer progression by polarizing TAMs. Key words: bladder cancer, exosomes, microRNA, tumour-associated macrophages
The increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global phenomenon that could be related to adoption of a Western life-style. Westernization of dietary habits is partly ...characterized by enrichment with the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA), which entails risk for developing IBD. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects against lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cell death termed ferroptosis. We report that small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in Crohn's disease (CD) exhibit impaired GPX4 activity and signs of LPO. PUFAs and specifically AA trigger a cytokine response of IECs which is restricted by GPX4. While GPX4 does not control AA metabolism, cytokine production is governed by similar mechanisms as ferroptosis. A PUFA-enriched Western diet triggers focal granuloma-like neutrophilic enteritis in mice that lack one allele of Gpx4 in IECs. Our study identifies dietary PUFAs as a trigger of GPX4-restricted mucosal inflammation phenocopying aspects of human CD.
Herein we summarized some clean preparation examples to emphasize the concept of dual roles design (or named as “two birds one stone strategy”) in green and sustainable chemistry. In these ...procedures, the chemical waste and production costs were reduced, and the energy efficiencies were improved.
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Herein we summarized some clean preparation examples to emphasize the concept of dual roles design (or named as “two birds one stone strategy”) in green and sustainable chemistry. In those examples, the reactants and/or solvent play dual roles rendering a cleaner organic preparation process. Consequently, both the chemical waste and manufacturing cost could be reduced.
A mild and eco-friendly visible-light-induced decarboxylative acylation of quinoxalin-2(1
H
)-ones and α-oxo carboxylic acids with ambient air as the sole oxidant at room temperature was established. ...The reaction proceeded efficiently without any metal catalysts, strong oxidants or external-photosensitizers, ultimately reducing the generation of waste.
An eco-friendly visible-light-induced decarboxylative acylation of quinoxalin-2(1
H
)-ones and α-oxo carboxylic acids with air as the oxidant under external-photocatalyst-free conditions was established.
This paper presents an alternative inertial control method for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines by directly adjusting the phase locked loop (PLL) response. The synthetic ...internal voltage vector of the wind turbine-driven DFIG is defined in the electromechanical timescale to present the dynamic properties. The phase angle motion equation is further deduced to depict the relationship between the contributed inertial response and the defined internal voltage. Based on the developed motion equation, the equivalent inertia is estimated and quantified, and further found to be significantly determined by the PLL parameters. Moreover, the effect of both PLL and active power control on the defined internal voltage dynamics is also described during the inertial response. Simulated results on a modified 3-machine, 9-node test system were conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed inertial control method and the correctness of the developed inertial characteristics.
In this paper, the n-dimensional discretized model of the two-link flexible manipulator is developed by the assumed mode method (AMM). Subsequently, based on the discretized dynamic model, both ...full-state feedback control and output feedback control are investigated to achieve the trajectory tracking and vibration suppression. In order to guarantee the stability strictly, uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) of the closed-loop system is realized by the Lyapunov's stability. Furthermore, through appropriately choosing control parameters, the states of the system will converge to zero within a small neighborhood. Eventually, extensive simulations and experiments on the Quanser platform for a two-link robotic manipulator are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed neural network controller.
Abstract
One of the best ways to control COVID-19 is vaccination. Among the various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines have been widely applied in China and many other countries. To ...understand the underlying protective mechanism of these vaccines, it is necessary to systematically analyze the humoral responses that are triggered. By utilizing a SARS-CoV-2 microarray with 21 proteins and 197 peptides that fully cover the spike protein, antibody response profiles of 59 serum samples collected from 32 volunteers immunized with the inactivated virus vaccine BBIBP-CorV were generated. For this set of samples, the microarray results correlated with the neutralization titers of the authentic virus, and two peptides (S1-5 and S2-22) were identified as potential biomarkers for assessing the effectiveness of vaccination. Moreover, by comparing immunized volunteers to convalescent and hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the N protein, NSP7, and S2-78 were identified as potential biomarkers for differentiating COVID-19 patients from individuals vaccinated with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The comprehensive profile of humoral responses against the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine will facilitate a deeper understanding of the vaccine and provide potential biomarkers for inactivated virus vaccine-related applications.
The first example of visible-light-induced deoxygenative C2-sulfonylation of quinoline N -oxides with sulfinic acids in the presence of an organic dye as the catalyst was developed. The reaction ...conditions are eco-friendly and mild, employing ambient air as the sole oxidant and aqueous acetone solution as the solvent. This approach requires only a very low catalyst loading, allowing gram-scale preparation as well as late-stage modification of biologically active compounds bearing quinoline groups.
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•Microplastics were found in 30 fish species from Zhanjiang mangrove wetland.•Microplastics could be detected in gills, stomach and intestine of the fishes.•Fiber was the dominant ...microplastic shape detected in fish bodies.•Polyethylene was the highly abundant polymer type in collected microplastics.
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in marine and estuarine environments, but the contamination of MPs in mangrove wetlands is relatively unknown. Here, we quantify the presence of MPs in fish collected from Zhanjiang mangrove wetland, the largest mangrove in South China, which provide baseline data on MPs accumulation in fish in mangrove environment as the first evidence in China. MPs were found in 30 out of 32 fish species at an average abundance of 2.83 ± 1.84 items individual−1, ranged from 0.6 to 8.0 items individual−1 in each species. MPs were detected in gills, stomach and intestine, and not found in muscles and livers. Positive relationship was found between MPs abundance and body length or weight of mangrove fish. The dominant polymers identified by micro-FTIR were polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and cellophane. MPs consisted primarily of fibers and with the prominent size range of 0.02–1 mm. The body sizes, living habitats and feeding habits of fish are important factors affecting MPs accumulation in different fish species. This study revealed the wide presences of MPs in fish species within a mangrove wetland.
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