Abstract
Alloys of Mn
55
Al
45
C
2
with additions of VC nano-particles have been synthesized and their properties evaluated. The Mn
55
Al
45
C
2
(VC)
x
(
x
= 0.25, 0.5 and 1) alloys have been ...prepared by induction melting resulting in a high content of the ferromagnetic τ-phase (> 94 wt.%). Powder X-ray diffraction indicates that nano-VC can be dissolved in the alloy matrix up to 1 at.%. On the other side, metallography investigations by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscope show inclusions of the nanosized additives in the microstructure. The effect of nano-VC on the grain and twin boundaries has been studied by electron backscattering diffraction. The magnetization has been measured by magnetometry up to 9 T while the domain structure has been studied using both magnetic force microscopy as well as Kerr-microscopy. For nano-VC contents above 0.25 at.%, a clear increase of the coercive force is observed, from 57 to 71 kA/m. The optimum appears to be for 0.5 at.% nano-VC which shows a 25% increase in coercive force without losing any saturation magnetization. This independent increase in coercivity is believed to originate from the nano-VC reducing the overall magnetic domain size. Overall, we observe that addition of nano-VC could be an interesting route to increase the coercive force of MnAl, without sacrificing saturation magnetization.
Spatial media has received impetus in recent studies, arguing that its function as a mediator of meaning and enabler of intimacy are critical in late modernity. We suggest that spatial media not only ...liquefies key institutions of modernity but also replaces them. We conducted interviews with men who use spatial media to realize intimacy. In our analysis, we reference the fictional Star Trek universe to illustrate how spatial media may function as an institution. In the figure of the Borg, human-tech borders are eliminated, control is exerted through collective decisions, and bodies are assimilated into an expanding beehive-like community. Similarly, spatial media enables the liquefaction of human-tech borders, the creation of new sets of rules and hierarchies, and the assimilation of intimacy practices. We thereby conclude that digital media not only drive a process of liquefaction but also the forging of new institutional structures that condition the realization of intimacy.
Os processos de urbanização, na grande maioria, deram-se de forma acelerada, desordenada e desorganizada. Tal fenômeno impactou diretamente às cidades, com o aumento da população e a falta de ...planejamento, gerando espaços sem infraestruturas essenciais trazendo consigo desigualdades e diversos problemas urbanos. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, o presente ensaio teórico tem como objetivo refletir e aprofundar o entendimento sobre a importância da gestão urbana aliada ao planejamento de ações públicas municipais, ao percebê-lo como ferramenta norteadora das otimizações dos recursos públicos municipais, visando, assim, o desenvolvimento humano, social e econômico das cidades. Uma gestão urbana eficiente, ao considerar a qualidade de vida das pessoas, deve estar vinculada a procedimentos eficazes para confrontar e estabelecer resoluções para os mais diversos problemas da cidade considerando os aspectos urbanos, sociais, ambientais, econômicos, etc. Os instrumentos de gestão devem contribuir com as ações de planejamento visando o ordenamento e o desenvolvimento local estabelecendo diagnósticos e prognósticos com planos, programas e políticas públicas assertivas possibilitando melhoria da qualidade de vida às pessoas e propiciando a efetivação do direito à cidade para todos.
This study explores the asylum claims of unaccompanied children concerning sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and examines how case officers at the Swedish Migration Agency (SMA) responded ...to the credibility of their claims. The SMA provided one calendar year of asylum decisions concerning unaccompanied children, and 16 SOGI cases were identified. A thematic analysis of the cases was conducted. The results showed that case officers directed their focus to the quality of the children’s sexual relationships. This indicates that the case officers expect children to engage in long-term relationships similar to adults, despite their age. Furthermore, case officers tended to only render narratives credible if the society as whole was narrated as perpetrators. This indicates that case officers expect origin societies to be monolithic. The main conclusion, therefore, is that case officers are guided both by homonormative as well as homonationalist views in their decision-making process.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the key credibility principles used by Migration Agency case-officers in Sweden. More specifically it analyses how they construct arguments about ...asylum-seeking unaccompanied minors’ credibility in first-decisions.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is inspired by a social constructionist approach to discourse and explores how case-officers construct legally legitimate arguments about credibility. The qualitative text analysis is focused on discursive practice. The data selected for analysis consists of 827 excerpts containing case-officers’ credibility reasoning deducted from a sample of 916 decisions.
Findings
The main finding is that case-officers question unaccompanied minors by using argumentative techniques in which children appear to be expected to deliver detailed and coherent accounts. In addition, unaccompanied minors’ knowledge-claims can be questioned regardless of decision outcome (rejection or approval). As unaccompanied minors’ claims for asylum appear to be questioned in such an extensive manner, their humanitarian claims also seem to be reduced. The findings of this study suggest that there is a risk that the possibility to be understood as a legitimate asylum seeker, worthy of residency, can be restricted for unaccompanied minors.
Practical implications
The findings indicate that when case-officers base their understanding of credibility on unaccompanied children’s individual life experiences they make use of a limited repertoire of arguments.
Originality/value
This study contributes to insights about how case-officers fulfil legal expectations when assessing unaccompanied minors’ credibility. The findings can be of interest to both legal and social science as well policy planners and immigration practitioners.
We do not know enough about how legislators from different political parties make sense of their ambitions and experiences in relation to the development of asylum policy. In this study we wanted to ...find out how political discussions can create conditions for legislative change. The current study therefore explored how the Swedish 2005 Aliens Act and the new system for appeals and procedures (NSAP) were negotiated and perceived by 15 legislators of the parliamentary Committee on Social Insurance (COSI) that considered this legal framework that has been effective since 2006. The participants were openly interviewed about their experiences of negotiating migration policy via their committee work. The study is inspired by interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as it can reach an understanding of how research participants' attempt to make sense of their lived experience. First, the interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim and then independently coded by the first two authors. Thereafter, they collaboratively refined the themes and sub-themes and discussed them with the third author. The overall finding is that the preceding political negotiations can be one of the reasons for unclear aims when politicians' propose new legislation. This is because directives can consist of many divergent perspectives and considerations. The specific findings are that the period under consideration was described as dramatic and stressful with the presence of uncommon political collaboration between political parties as well as the pushing of legislation via budget negotiations. In addition, the participants said that the suggested changes in asylum policy and implementation were mainly based on other policy aspects, such as fiscal considerations and state-municipality relations. Participants also viewed that identified problems with asylum decision-making have not been sufficiently resolved by the new framework. Even though this study was conducted in Sweden, its findings can be relevant to other political systems in more developed countries as these states can also struggle with contradictory aims with asylum policy.
A series of compounds with compositions Fe5Si1-xGexB2 were synthesised and their structural and magnetic properties were investigated. The Mo5SiB2-type structure with tetragonal I4/mcm space group is ...maintained for all compounds with x<0.15, which is estimated as the compositional limit of the system. The unit cell parameters expand with Ge content before reaching a plateau of a = 5.5581(1) and c = 10.3545(1) Å at x=0.15. The saturation magnetisation (MS) decreased slightly with increasing Ge content whilst the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) remains almost unaffected. The Curie temperature for all compounds studied is at 790 K whilst the spin-reorientation temperature shows suppression from 172 K to 101 K where x=0.15. Ab Initio calculations reveal an increase in MAE for compositions up to x= 0.25 and a decreased magnitude of MAE of −0.14 MJ/m3 for the hypothetical compound Fe5GeB2 relative to the parent compound Fe5SiB2.
(a)Crystal structure of Fe5Si1-xGexB2 (b) Unit cell parameters of Fe5Si1-xGexB2 (c)Magnetisation as a function of applied field at 300 K. Display omitted
•Compounds within the Fe5si1-xGexB2 system have been investigated.•The compositional limit of the system is estimated as x∼ 0.15•The compounds maintain the high MS and TC of the parent compound Fe5SiB2.•MAE is almost unaffected by Ge substitution.•Ab initio calculations reveal an increase in MAE up to x= 0.25
In order to find a highly efficient, environment-friendly magnetic refrigerant, direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change Δ T adb is required. Here, in this work a simple setup for the ...Δ T adb measurement is presented. Using a permanent magnet Halbach array with a maximum magnetic field of 1.8 T and a rate of magnetic field change of 5 T/s, accurate determination of Δ T adb is possible in this system. The operating temperature range of the system is from 100 K to 400 K, designed for the characterization of materials with potential for room temperature magnetic refrigeration applications. Using the setup, the Δ T adb of a first-order and two second-order compounds have been studied. Results from the direct measurement for the first-order compound have been compared with Δ T adb calculated from the temperature and magnetic field dependent specific heat data. By comparing results from direct and indirect measurements, it is concluded that for a reliable characterization of the magnetocaloric effect, direct measurement of Δ T adb should be adopted.
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