OBJECTIVESTo investigate the prevalence, unilateral/bilateral concurrency, and external morphology of permanent mandibular molars (PMMs) with radix entomolaris (RE) and radix paramolaris (RP) in a ...sample from Slovenia.DESIGNMedium field-of-view cone-beam computed tomography images of 1315 participants (681 males, 634 females) aged 13-90 years (mean age 45.5) were retrospectively examined. A total of 1363 first, 1824 second, and 1314 third PMMs were evaluated. The external morphology of the affected teeth was categorized according to Carlsen and Alexandersen's classifications.RESULTSThe individual-level RE frequencies in the first, second, and third PMMs were 1.6%, 1.9%, and 10.1%, respectively. The respective RP frequencies were 0%, 1.8%, and 3.2%. The first PMMs exclusively exhibited type A RE morphology, whereas in the second and third PMMs, types B and AC morphologies predominated. Bilateral concurrence rates were low (0-7.1%), with the exception of type A RE in first PMMs (62.5%). RE occurrences in the first and second PMMs were correlated (odds ratio = 70.2; 95% confidence interval 17.4 -282.7; P < 0.001). In concurrent cases, the second PMM followed its anterior neighbor in expressing type A morphology, and conversely, all affected second PMMs standing next to a two-rooted first PMM exhibited non-type A morphology.CONCLUSIONSIn this sample, the first and second PMMs exhibited low supernumerary root frequencies comparable to those of other European samples. The third PMM was most often affected. The presence of RE on the first PMM increased the possibility of its presence on the adjacent second PMM and vice versa.
Osteosclerotic lesions are a common finding on dental radiographs. They are considered developmental variants of a normal bone architecture and they usually do not need any treatment. The purpose of ...this article is to present a rare case of osteosclerotic lesion of the mandible causing trigeminal neuropathy by compression of the alveolar nerve. The pain started with dental hypersensitivity of the mandibular right first molar. Later on, signs of irreversible molar tooth pulpitis developed. Endodontic therapy and apicoectomy did not resolve the pain, which later intensified, and painful neuropathy localized to inferior alveolar nerve developed; therefore, surgical decompression was indicated. Treating a dental patient with neuralgic pain is always a challenge, especially if there is no obvious source or reason for this type of pain. A clear evaluation and treatment protocol are important to minimize the patient's morbidity and avoid unnecessary overtreatment.
In the Kamnik-Savinja Alps (Slovenia), the Lower Serla Dolomite laterally passes into a succession of thin- to medium-bedded bituminous limestones of the Velika planina member. The finely laminated ...lower part of this member contains well-preserved actinopterygian fish and sauropterygian remains. The research aimed to determine the sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental characteristics of the depositional basin on the basis of three detailed sedimentological sections logged atop the Velika planina plateau. The Velika planina member is underlain by a whitish to light grey, thick bedded to massive dolomite with oncoids, stromatolites, and lumachellas deposited under peritidal to shallow subtidal conditions. The lower part of the Velika planina member consists of thin, often platy, finely laminated beds of bituminous mudstone. The Chondrites ichnofossil is very common; however, in some beds numerous lingulid brachiopods, bivalves, and crinoids were observed. Fossil vertebrates and crustaceans are relatively rare and confined to a few levels. Ammonoids are very rare. Subordinate beds of intraclastic-peloid wackestone to packstone, intraclastic-bioclastic grainstone, and bivalve floatstone occur. Slumps are common. Upwards, bedding gradually becomes thicker and bioturbation more common. Finally, stromatolites, birdseye fenestrae, and oncoids reappear. The entire succession is confined to the early to middle Anisian by the foraminifer Citaella dinarica (KOCHANSKY-DEVIDÉ & PANTIĆ). The absence of breccias at the base of the Velika planina member, the gradual transition upwards into shallow marine carbonates, as well as the presence of sauropterygians of the order Nothosauroidea suggest deposition in a relatively shallow basin. The finely laminated facies of the lower part of the member indicates a stratified water column, with oxygenated near-surface waters and hypoxic to anoxic conditions near the sea floor.
The first known fossil specimens of pipehorses (Haliichthyinae) were unearthed from the Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) beds of the Coprolitic Horizon in the Tunjice Hills, Slovenia. These fossil ...pipehorses belong to a new genus and species Hippohaliichthys edis, which was similar to the extant species Haliichthys taeniophorus. The body morphology indicates that the described fossil pipehorses were also closely related to the pygmy pipehorse Hippotropiscis frenki and the seahorse Hippocampus sarmaticus, two taxa which were also found in the Coprolitic Horizon. The described fossil material of pipehorses indicates that seahorses evolved from a group of pipehorses that were similar in size and shape to extant and fossil pipehorses of the Haliichthyinae subfamily.
Les premiers spécimens fossiles connus de pseudo-hippocampes (Haliichthyinae) ont été récoltés dans les niveaux du Miocène moyen (Sarmatien) de l’horizon coprolithique des collines de Tunjice, en Slovénie. Ces pseudo-hippocampes fossiles appartiennent au nouveau genre et à la nouvelle espèce Hippohaliichthys edis, semblable à l’espèce actuelle Haliichthys taeniophorus. La morphologie du corps indique une relation étroite entre le pseudo-hippocampe fossile décrit ici et le pseudo-hippocampe pygmée Hippotropiscis frenki et l’hippocampe Hippocampus sarmaticus, deux taxons trouvés eux aussi dans l’horizon coprolithique. Le matériel fossile des pseudo-hippocampes décrit ici indique que les hippocampes ont évolué à partir d’un groupe de pseudo-hippocampes semblables en taille et en forme aux pseudo-hippocampes actuels et fossiles de la sous-famille Haliichthyinae.
In another Indian patient, right first and left second mandibular molars were affected. 3 Development of RE and a tendency of mandibular premolars to increase the root number may be associated. 4 ...Observations also indicate that in mandibular premolars, atypical coronal enlargements may be accompanied by increased differentiation of the root. 5 Learning points If a clinician identifies a mandibular molar with radix entomolaris, he or she should thoroughly evaluate all available radiographic images of neighbouring as well as contralateral molars and premolars.
Objective. Diagnosis of secondary caries with the DIAGNOdent device has been found to be comparable to visual and radiographic diagnostic methods, but the fluorescence of restorative materials might ...affect DIAGNOdent values and result in false-positive diagnosis. The aims of this study were: (1) to measure baseline fluorescence of restorative materials and fluorescence changes induced by aging, bleaching, staining, and polishing; (2) to assess intra-examiner reproducibility of these measurements; and (3) to compare the values obtained with the DIAGNOdent against the threshold values for enamel and dentinal caries. Material and Methods. 270 disk-shaped specimens fabricated from 15 different restorative materials were divided into 3 groups, which were aged in water, bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide, and stained with red wine. Specimen fluorescence was measured with the DIAGNOdent before and after these treatments. The red-wine-stained specimens were also polished and measured again. Results. Intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements was excellent. For all materials, baseline DIAGNOdent values, as well as the values of aged and bleached samples, were considerably lower than the dentinal caries threshold. The values of one stained filled resin fissure sealant, one stained resin composite, and one stained resin-modified glass ionomer exceeded the dentinal caries threshold. Polishing reduced these DIAGNOdent values to below the dentinal caries threshold, except for the filled resin fissure sealant specimen. Conclusions. Stained dental materials might affect DIAGNOdent readings and consequently result in false-positive diagnoses of secondary caries. Dental fillings should be polished prior to DIAGNOdent measurement.
Objectives
Radiopacity of dental materials enables clinician to radiographically diagnose secondary caries and marginal defects which are usually located on the proximal gingival margin. The aim of ...this study was to measure the radiopacity of 33 conventional resin composites, 16 flowable resin composites, and 7 glass ionomer cements and to compare the results with the radiopacity values declared by the manufacturers.
Materials and methods
From each restorative material, six 2-mm-thick disk-shaped specimens were fabricated and eight 2-mm-thick sections of teeth were made and used as reference. The material samples and tooth sections were digitally radiographed together with the aluminum stepwedge. Gray values were obtained from the radiographic images and radiopacity values were calculated and statistically analyzed. Post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test was used to calculate significant differences in radiopacity values between materials and reference dentin and enamel values.
Results
The radiopacity values of all 56 restorative materials were above the dentin reference radiopacity value; however, 4 out of 33 conventional composites and 3 out of 16 flowable resin composites had significantly lower radiopacity than enamel (
p
< 0.05). There were up to 1.53 mm eq Al differences between the measured and the manufacturers’ declared radiopacity values of some materials.
Conclusions
Majority of the materials exceed enamel radiopacity and would not hamper radiographic diagnosis of secondary caries. However, manufacturers’ data are not always reliable.
Clinical relevance
Materials with radiopacity lower than enamel might be misinterpreted as secondary enamel caries on radiographic images, especially when applied as initial increment on the proximal gingival margin.
The first known fossil record of pygmy pipehorses is described. The fossils were collected in the Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) beds of the Coprolitic Horizon in the Tunjice Hills, Slovenia. They belong ...to a new genus and species Hippotropiscis frenki, which was similar to the extant representatives of Acentronura, Amphelikturus, Idiotropiscis, and Kyonemichthys genera. Hippotropiscis frenki lived among seagrasses and macroalgae and probably also on a mud and silt bottom in the temperate shallow coastal waters of the western part of the Central Paratethys Sea. The high coronet on the head, the ridge system and the high angle at which the head is angled ventrad indicate that Hippotropiscis is most related to Idiotropiscis and Hippocampus (seahorses) and probably separated from the main seahorse lineage later than Idiotropiscis.
L’article décrit la première découverte connue de fossiles d’hippocampes « pygmy pipehorses ». Les fossiles ont été trouvés dans les plages du Miocène moyen (Sarmatien) de l’horizon coprolithique dans les collines de Tunjice, en Slovénie. Le fossile appartient au nouveau genre et à la nouvelle espèce Hippotropiscis frenki, semblable aux représentants existants des genres Acentronura, Amphelikturus, Idiotropiscis et Kyonemichthys. Hippotropiscis frenki vivait dans les herbiers marins, les macro-algues et probablement aussi dans la boue et le limon des eaux côtières peu profondes et tempérées de la partie occidentale de la Parathétys centrale. La haute couronne sur la tête, le système des crêtes et l’angle élevé sous lequel la tête est orientée vers le ventre indiquent que Hippotropiscis est étroitement apparenté àIdiotropiscis et Hippocampus et probablement séparé plus tard qu’Idiotropiscis de la lignée principale des hippocampes.
In the last 15 years, the discovery of several new actinopterygian fish faunas from the Early and Middle Triassic of the Tethys, cast new light on the timing, speed and range of their recovery after ...the end‐Permian crisis. In addition to several new taxa having been described, the stratigraphical and geographical record of many others have been greatly extended. In fact, most of the new fossiliferous sites are in southern China, thus at the Eastern end of the Tethys, and furthermore a few are somewhat older (Chaohu, Panxian, Luoping) than the major classical Western Tethys sites (Monte San Giorgio). Following these new finds, it is possible to have a better definition of the Triassic recovery stages. Indeed, after a quite short phase till the end of the Smithian (Olenekian, Early Triassic) in which a rather consistent fauna was present all around the Pangea coasts, a major radiation occurred in the Early–Middle Anisian after the new Middle Triassic fish fauna already appeared in the late Early Triassic, thus occuring well before what was previously supposed from the Alps localities. Furthermore, the new assemblages from southern China point to an early broader differentiation among the basal neopterygians rather than in the ‘subholosteans', the group that was then dominant in the Western Tethys since the Late Anisian. It stands that during the Norian a new basal neopterygian radiation gave rise to several new branches that dominated the remaining part of the Mesozoic.
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