The aim of this research was to explore whether and how various components of cross-border sociocultural competence were attended to in bilingual schools serving Polish minorities in the Zaolzie ...border region. Zaolzie is on the Czech side of the Polish-Czech border region, where the Polish minority play an important role in cross-border relations. Based on a review of the extant literature on the development of sociocultural competence among students enrolled in bilingual programs, researchers developed a 19-item survey capturing three distinct components of cross-border sociocultural competence: cognitive, social, and political. The survey was sent to teachers in the 14 Zaolzie region schools, with 123 teachers (44%) participating and asked participants to indicate the extent to which different facets of cross-border sociocultural competence were part of their school's instructional program. Most participants were female-identifying and had over 10 years of teaching experience, and most were born on the Czech side of the border but identified as Polish nationals. Results from an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed two unique factors representing different components of sociocultural competence included in bilingual programs in the Zaolzie region: (1) the development of students' intrapersonal skills, motivation, and cross-linguistic understanding, and (2) the development of students' capacity to engage interpersonally with and to understand others in the region. These findings suggest that schools in the Zaolzie region attend to cross-border sociocultural competence through both an intra- and interpersonal lens, emphasizing individual students' linguistic and cultural development as well as their ability to interact in their highly politicized cross-border context. Educators in the region can thus consider assessing students' progress in these two areas over time as measures of program effectiveness. Given that the researchers found that cognitive, social, and political aspects of sociocultural competence were integrated across intra- and interpersonal dimensions, more research is needed to understand if this integration is unique to the teaching of cross-border sociocultural competence in the Zaolzie region or is taught similarly in other contexts.
Alternative synthetic methodology for the direct installation of sulfonamide functionality is a highly desirable goal within the domain of drug discovery and development. The formation of ...synthetically valuable
-sulfonyl imines from a range of aldehydes, sulfonamides, and PhI(OAc)₂ under practical and mild reaction conditions has been developed. According to mechanistic studies described within, the reaction proceeds through an initial step involving a radical initiator (generated either by visible-light or heat) to activate the reacting substrates. The reaction provides a synthetically useful and operationally simple, relatively mild alternative to the traditional formation of
-sulfonyl imines that utilizes stable, widely available reagents.
A variety of arenes and heteroarenes are brominated in good to excellent yields using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under mild and practical conditions. According to mechanistic investigations described ...within, the reaction is speculated to proceed via activation of NBS through a visible-light photoredox pathway utilizing erythrosine B as a photocatalyst. A photo-oxidative approach effectively amplifies the positive polarization on the bromine atom of the NBS reagent. This increase in the electrophilic nature of NBS results in drastically reduced reaction times and diversion from competing light-promoted reactive pathways.
Polycyclic hydrocarbons (PH) provide intriguing potential as lipophilic scaffolds within medicinal chemistry, but are currently limited by the availability of synthetic tools for predictable ...modification of the PH unit. Herein we report the development of new methods for installation of a sulfonamide unit to PH cores. In the first method, a xanthate ester serves as reagent for aminosulfonation using pre-formed imidoiodinane as N-source. An investigation of the reaction mechanism was performed to implicate a process involving a N-centered radical. An additional method for sulfonamide installation is described that involves the use of commercially available reagents and operationally convenient conditions. Using the new synthetic methods, 22 compounds were prepared and screened for biological activity against 6 mammalian cell lines along with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Results of the viability assays have identified compounds that exhibit higher potency than other known anticancer agents such as indisulam and ABT-751. Additionally, the physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of the synthesized compounds have been determined experimentally and using in silico predictive tools. The initial exploration into sulfonamide insertion into PH cores has resulted in a number of compounds that warrant further development to produce molecules with therapeutic value.
A mild and operationally convenient formation of synthetically valuable N-sulfonyl imines from a range of aryl aldehydes by reaction with iminoiodinanes (PhIdouble bond, length as m-dashNZ) and I
has ...been developed. According to mechanistic experiments described within, the reaction is speculated to proceed through an unconventional light-promoted, N-centered radical (NCR) pathway involving a N,N-diiodosulfonamide reactive species. This method not only provides a new pathway toward the production of activated imines, but also serves as an example of a non-traditional means of carbonyl activation via an NCR species.
Sulfonamides are a crucial class of bioisosteres that are prevalent in a wide range of pharmaceuticals, however, the available methods for their production directly from heteroaryl aldehyde reagents ...remains surprisingly limited. A new approach for regioselective incorporation of a sulfonamide unit to heteroarene scaffolds has been developed and is reported within. As a result, a variety of primary benzylic N-alkylsulfonamides have been prepared via a two-step (one pot) formation from the in situ reduction of an intermediate N-sulfonyl imine under mild, practical conditions. The compounds have been screened against a variety of cell lines for cytotoxicity effects using a Cell Titer Blue assay. The cell viability investigation identifies a subset of N-benzylic sulfonamides derived from the indole scaffold to be targeted for further development into novel molecules with potential therapeutic value. The most cytotoxic of the compounds prepared, AAL-030, exhibited higher potency than other well-known anticancer agents Indisulam and ABT-751.
As spaces for researchers and practitioners to engage in long-term, mutual collaborations aimed at addressing problems of practice in education, research-practice partnerships (RPPs) offer rich ...contexts for research use. Our study examines how interactions between researchers and practitioners shape opportunities for research use in a professional association engaged in RPP activities focused on fostering change in statewide K–12 science education. Drawing on a conceptualization of RPPs as joint work at boundaries, we show how both researchers and practitioners facilitated research use. Furthermore, research use was facilitated by brokers’ engagement in RPP activities and with shared pieces of research. Findings affirm the role that brokers play in connecting research and practice and identify specific activities that may be useful in facilitating research use in RPPs.
Introduction
A core challenge for the implementation of bilingual programs is ensuring that linguistically minoritized students have equitable access to instruction that honors and values their ...linguistic and cultural assets and strengths. To understand how leaders of bilingual programs might address this challenge, this study sought to identify dimensions of program implementation in bilingual schools serving Polish minorities in the Zaolzie region on the Czech Republic side of the Czech-Polish border.
Methods
Employing a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, the research team first collected surveys from 123 teachers and used factor analytical techniques to identify key dimensions of program implementation. Then, interview and observational data were collected and analyzed using deductive coding to develop descriptions of each dimension in this specific border region.
Results
The analysis revealed four dimensions of program implementation: (a) program structure and alignment; (b) culturally and linguistically responsive instruction; (c) staff quality and professional learning; and (d) family engagement and community support. They also showed how a network of community-based organizations partnered with schools and families in ways that supported each dimension and facilitated integration across dimensions.
Discussion
The findings have several implications for leaders and researchers in bilingual schools including the important role that community organizations and binational cooperation can play in positively contributing to the education of linguistically minoritized populations.
The development of new approaches toward chemo- and regioselective functionalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) scaffolds will provide opportunities for the synthesis of novel ...biologically active small molecules that exploit the high degree of lipophilicity imparted by the PAH unit. Herein, we report a new synthetic method for C-X bond substitution that is speculated to operate via a N-centered radical (NCR) mechanism according to experimental observations. A series of PAH sulfonamides have been synthesized and their biological activity has been evaluated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains (using a BacTiter-Glo assay) along with a series of mammalian cell lines (using CellTiter-Blue and CellTiter-Glo assays). The viability assays have resulted in the discovery of a number of bactericidal compounds that exhibit potency similar to other well-known antibacterials such as kanamycin and tetracycline, along with the discovery of a luciferase inhibitor. Additionally, the physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of the compounds were determined experimentally and using in silico approaches and the results are presented and discussed within.
Seven FDA-certified food dyes have been investigated as organocatalysts. As a result, Fast Green FCF and Brilliant Blue FCF have been discovered as catalysts for the chlorination of a wide range of ...arenes and heteroarenes in moderate to excellent yields and high regioselectivity. Mechanistic investigations of the separate systems indicate that different modes of activation are in operation, with Fast Green FCF being a light-promoted photoredox catalyst that is facilitating a one-electron oxidation of N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) and Brilliant Blue FCF serving as a chlorine-transfer catalyst in its sulfonphthalein form with 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) as stoichiometric chlorine source. Dearomatization of naphthol and indole substrates was observed in some examples using the Brilliant Blue/DCDMH system.
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