The aetiology of oral cancer is multifactorial, as various risk factors (genetics, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors) contribute to its development. Data in the literature suggest that people with ...periodontal disease have an increased risk of developing oral cancer, and the severity of periodontitis correlates with the appearance of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to revise the non-genetic risk factors that may influence the development of OC, while focusing on the dental and periodontal status and OH.
Two hundred patients (hundred diagnosed with oral cancer and hundred without oral cancer) were enrolled in our case-control study, to evaluate the association between oral cancer and the presence and severity of periodontitis, while examining several risk factors that might be responsible for oral cancer formation. A questionnaire customised for oral cancer patients was used to obtain the socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors that may influence the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The dental and periodontal status along with the level of oral hygiene was recorded quantitatively. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis.
By considering both the case and the control groups, a significant correlation was found between the incidence of oral cancer and some socioeconomic factors and lifestyle habits, such as the sex, age, education and alcohol consumption of an individual. The mean value of the Silness-Löe plaque index was significantly higher in the case population. The number of completely edentulous patients was higher among the oral cancer population. The incidence of oral cancer was 57.1% in patients with periodontal disease. In comparison, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma was only 28.6% among the patients without periodontitis. Most of the oral cancer patients (72.1%) had stage 4 periodontitis. On the other hand, the vast majority of the control group (51.6%) had stage 2 periodontitis.
Periodontitis can be an individual risk factor for oral cancer development. Periodontally compromised individuals should be strictly monitored, especially those with severe periodontitis and coexisting lifestyle risk factors. Maintaining their periodontal health in at-risk patients can minimize cancer risks.
Lake-floor morphologies may be significantly different from seafloor topographies of other basins, typically observed in passive or active continental margins. The bathymetry of large paleo-lakes is ...often overwritten by subsequent tectonic evolution, burial beneath thick overburden and inherent compaction effects. We study the evolution of such an initial underfilled, balance fill and finally overfilled large paleo-lake basin by the interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data set corroborated with calibrating wells in the example of the Neogene Pannonian Basin of Central Europe. Lake Pannon persisted for about 7–8Myr and was progressively filled by clastic material sourced by the surrounding mountain chains and transported by large rivers, such as the paleo-Danube and paleo-Tisza. We combined sedimentological observations with a backstripping methodology facilitated by well lithology and porosity data to gradually remove the sediment overburden. This approach has resulted in a morphological reconstruction of the former depositional surfaces with special focus on the prograding shelf-margin slopes. Our calculations show that the water depth of the lake was more than 1000m in the deepest sub-basins of the Great Hungarian Plain of the Pannonian Basin. The significant compaction associated with lateral variations of Neogene sediment thicknesses has created non-tectonic normal fault offsets and folds. These features have important effects on fluid migration and hydrocarbon trapping. We furthermore compare the geometries and effects of such non-tectonic features with the activity of larger offset sinistral strike-slip zones using 3D seismic attributes.
Display omitted
•Lake Pannon shows the transition from an underfilled to an overfilled paleo-lake.•Calculations indicate the variation of water depth values from ~75m up to ~1km.•Sedimentary transport routes were determined by inherited and active tectonics.•Differential compaction induced folds and faults are analysed.
Fault localization using function call frequencies Vancsics, Béla; Horváth, Ferenc; Szatmári, Attila ...
Journal of systems and software/The Journal of systems and software,
11/2022, Volume:
193
Journal Article
Non-destructive testing (NDT) for eggshell faults is highly important for the egg industry, as cracked eggs account for around 3% of total production. The most commonly used method at present, ...candling, is labor intensive, while computer vision systems are expensive and complicated. In this paper, we present a simple, yet efficient, novel method for eggshell crack detection by acoustic spectroscopy. Altogether, 693 sound recordings were evaluated by different classification methods. The results show a cross-validated 2.1% total classification error, with only 0.87% false positive rate, which is the crucial metric for fresh eggs. Adapting the developed method to an industrial setting may lead to a reliable, fast and cost-effective detection method.
Introduced pathogen microorganisms are important drivers of ecosystem change. This paper highlights the impact of the non-native pathogen mildew multi-species complex on the natural regeneration ...dynamics of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). Pedunculate oak is a European keystone tree species, hosting a great amount of biodiversity, but its future role in (near-)natural forests is uncertain due to the lack of natural regeneration. We reviewed historical and recent ecological, pathological and forestry literature on topics related to the impact of mildew on the success of advanced natural regeneration of pedunculate oak in (near-)natural forests. We propose a novel hypothesis, the ‘pathogen mildew hypothesis’, to explain the failure of natural regeneration of pedunculate oak. Mildew reduces shade tolerance and vertical growth in seedlings and saplings, so sapling vitality and competitiveness have diminished considerably since it was unintentionally introduced to Europe in the early 20th century. Due to mildew infection, pedunculate oak in many cases no longer regenerates well naturally under its own canopy. We found that forest ecologists and conservationists often overlook the impacts of this ‘recent’ driver, while the ‘closed-forest’ and ‘wood-pasture’ hypotheses do not adequately help the management of pedunculate oak regeneration. Nature conservation and forest management plans should thus also consider the impact of mildew in order to improve natural regeneration, promote close-to-nature management of pedunculate oak forests, and support associated diversity. More generally, nature conservation, forest ecology and close-to-nature forestry should pay greater attention to the impact of introduced non-native microorganisms on the dynamics of natural ecosystems.
Display omitted
•Ecologists and conservationists often overlook the impacts of alien microorganisms.•An alien microfungus impedes natural regeneration dynamics of a keystone species•Oak powdery mildew reduces shade tolerance and growth in seedlings and saplings.•Proposed hypothesis explains the failure of natural regeneration of pedunculate oak.•The alien microfungus threatens the rich biodiversity associated with oaks in Europe.
Pre-treatment with 10
−4
M salicylic acid (SA) in hydroponic culture medium provided protection against salinity stress in tomato plants (
Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Rio Fuego). The effect of 10
−7 ...or 10
−4
M SA on the water status of plants was examined in relation to the biosynthesis and accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in order to reveal the role of SA in the subsequent response to salt stress. Both pre-treatments inhibited the K
+(
86Rb
+) uptake of plants, reduced the K
+ content of leaves, and caused a decrease in leaf water potential (
ψ
w). Due to the changes in the cellular water status, SA triggered the accumulation of ABA. Since the decrease in
ψ
w proved to be transient, the effect of SA on ABA synthesis may also develop via other mechanisms. In spite of osmotic adaptation, the application of 10
−4
M, but not 10
−7
M SA, led to prolonged ABA accumulation and to enhanced activity of aldehyde oxidase (AO1, EC.1.2.3.1.), an enzyme responsible for the conversion of ABA-aldehyde to ABA, both in root and leaf tissues. AO2–AO4 isoforms from the root extracts also exhibited increased activities. The fact that the activities of AO are significantly enhanced both in the leaves and roots of plants exposed to 10
−4
M SA, may indicate a positive feedback regulation of ABA synthesis by ABA in this system. Moreover, during a 100
mM NaCl treatment, higher levels of free putrescine or spermine were found in these leaves or roots, respectively, than in the salt-stressed controls, suggesting that polyamines may be implicated in the protection response of the cells. As a result, Na
+ could be transported to the leaf mesophyll cells without known symptoms of salt toxicity.
Lake Balaton (Hungary), the largest lake in Central Europe, formed by the interplay of tectonic and external forces. Its shallow water and young soft sediments together allow to carry out ultra-high ...resolution reflection seismic surveys to investigate shallow tectonic structures and near surface stratigraphy at depth of ca. 0–30 m. To document neotectonics of the eastern lake basin and its onshore surroundings to the East, we have integrated new ultra-high-resolution seismic-reflection data with deeper penetrating multichannel lake and land seismic profiles, regional geological, geophysical and seismicity data, and geomorphological observations. Combined use of these different data sets provided an opportunity to understand better, how these different types and scales of structural features are linked.
In our study area, late middle to late Miocene formations compose a deepening than shallowing sedimentary cycle from terrestrial clastic through offshore marl and deltaic sequence filling up the basin between ca. 8.6 to 7.5 Ma. The deltaic sequence is unconformably overlain by erosional remnants of late Pleistocene fluvial deposits and a mantle of latest Pleistocene to Holocene lake mud. Post-early Miocene deformation history involved two phases; a latest middle to early late Miocene transtension and a dominantly strike-slip regime with locally transpressional or transtensional character. The latter neotectonic phase reactivated the earlier faults and resulted in the propagation of 4 major fault zones across the complete late Miocene sequence. The resulting young faults show segmented geometry, stepovers, and connecting splays. The deformation also induced the modest but penetrative folding of the highest preserved Miocene deltaic sequence. The change in deformation style could happen during the late-stage of delta formation, at ca. 8 Ma although a slightly younger timing is not excluded. Faults imaged offshore apparently do not offset the Holocene lacustrine mud by discrete fractures, but the improved distribution map of recent seismicity and morphotectonic indices along their onshore continuations suggests that several segments of the fault pattern are still active, and might be capable of generating earthquakes. Integration of these different data provided an opportunity to understand better, how these different types and scales of structural features are linked and evolved one after another.
•4 fault zones and 4 types of folds were mapped below Lake Balaton.•Post-8-Ma neotectonic faults are the reactivation of earlier Miocene structures.•The mapped fault pattern serves as an example for the complexity of segmented fault zone.•Faults below the lake continue onland form a coherent structural pattern.•Recent fault activity is suggested by the new seismicity map.
Various surface treatment options have been adopted with the aim to improve osseointegration, reducing the overall treatment time. Implant stability of early loaded implants with different modified ...surfaces was compared in the present study.
Patients were selected from the Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology at Semmelweis University. Patients randomly received SA (alumina sandblasted and acid-etched), NH (bioabsorbable apatite nanocoating) or SLA (large-grit sandblasted and acid-etched) surface implants. Outcome measures were: implant success, implant stability, and periodontal parameters. The implant stability was measured at the time of implant placement (primary stability) and six weeks after (prothesis delivery, secondary stability). Osstell and Periotest were applied to take all the measurements. The primary and secondary stability were compared in the three study groups Finally the periimplant probing depth appearing after three months of loading was checked on 6 points around to the implant-supported prostheses. Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the comparison between the study groups.
A total of 75 implants with different length and diameter were inserted into various positions. One implant failed spontaneously at the fourth week after implant placement. The survival rate was 98,7%. Comparing the primary and secondary stability values, the data were significantly improved in every groups. The difference was the highest in the NH group, however, this difference was not significant compared to the two other groups. Good periodontal parameters were experienced in all the tested implants, independently by the groups.
With the limitation of the present study, all the implants showed improved stability six weeks after implant placement. A trend of higher result was found for the NH group. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm this preliminary results.
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13181677; the date of registration: 04/03/2021. Retrospectively registered.
Hungary is one of the most suitable countries in Europe for geothermal development, as a result of large amounts of Miocene extension and associated thermal attenuation of the lithosphere. For ...geothermal exploration, it is crucial to have an insight into the subsurface temperature distribution.
A new thermal model of Hungary is presented extending from the surface down to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) based on a new stochastic thermal modeling workflow. The model solves the heat equation in steady-state, assuming conduction as the main heat transfer mechanism. At the top and the base, we adopt a constant surface temperature and basal heat flow condition. For the calibration of the model, temperature measurements were collected from the Geothermal Database of Hungary. The model is built up in a layered structure, where each layer has its own thermal properties. The prior thermal properties and basal condition of the model are updated through the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation technique.
The prior model shows a misfit with the observed temperatures, which is explained fundamentally by transient thermal effects and non-conductive heat transfer. Other misfits can be attributed to a-priori assumptions on thermal properties, boundary conditions, and uncertainty in the model geometry. The updated models considerably improve the prior model, showing a better fit with measured records. The updated models are capable to reproduce the thermal effect of lithospheric extension and the sedimentary infill of the Pannonian Basin. Results indicate that the hottest areas below 3km are linked to the basement highs surrounded by deep sub-basins of the Great Hungarian Plain. Our models provide an indication on the potential sites for future EGS in Hungary and can serve as an input for geothermal resource assessment.
•First 3-D lithospheric-scale high-resolution thermal model of Hungary•Updated thermal properties using the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation technique•Mimic fluid convection and transient effects of lithospheric extension•Revealing potential areas for deep geothermal development in Hungary
Tool support for automated fault localization in program debugging is limited because state-of-the-art algorithms often fail to provide efficient help to the user. They usually offer a ranked list of ...suspicious code elements, but the fault is not guaranteed to be found among the highest ranks. In Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL) – which uses code coverage information of test cases and their execution outcomes to calculate the ranks –, the developer has to investigate several locations before finding the faulty code element. Yet, all the knowledge she a priori has or acquires during this process is not reused by the SBFL tool. There are existing approaches in which the developer interacts with the SBFL algorithm by giving feedback on the elements of the prioritized list. We propose a new approach called
iFL
which extends interactive approaches by exploiting contextual knowledge of the user about the next item in the ranked list (e. g., a statement), with which larger code entities (e. g., a whole function) can be repositioned in their suspiciousness. We implemented a closely related algorithm proposed by Gong
et al.
, called
Talk
. First, we evaluated
iFL
using simulated users, and compared the results to SBFL and
Talk
. Next, we introduced two types of imperfections in the simulation: user’s knowledge and confidence levels. On SIR and Defects4J, results showed notable improvements in fault localization efficiency, even with strong user imperfections. We then empirically evaluated the effectiveness of the approach with real users in two sets of experiments: a quantitative evaluation of the successfulness of using
iFL
, and a qualitative evaluation of practical uses of the approach with experienced developers in think-aloud sessions.
PDF
