Primary lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Approximately 60% of lung cancer patients have distant metastasis at the initial diagnosis, so it is necessary to find new ...tumor markers for early diagnosis and individualized treatment. Tumor markers contribute to the early diagnosis of lung cancer and play important roles in early detection and treatment, as well as in precision medicine, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis prediction. The pathological diagnosis of lung cancer in small biopsy specimens determines whether there are tumor cells in the biopsy and tumor type. Because biopsy is traumatic and the compliance of patients with multiple biopsies is poor, liquid biopsy has become a hot research direction. Liquid biopsies are advantageous because they are nontraumatic, easy to obtain, reflect the overall state of the tumor, and allow for real-time monitoring. At present, liquid biopsies mainly include circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, microRNA, circulating RNA, tumor platelets, and tumor endothelial cells. This review introduces the research progress and clinical application prospect of liquid biopsy technology for lung cancer.
A multifunctional fluorescent sensor based on a cyclen-appended BINOL derivative (R-1) was synthesized and characterized. It can display on–off-type fluorescence change with high selectivity toward ...Cu(II) among 19 metal ions in 100% aqueous solution. Furthermore, the in situ generated R-1–Cu(II) ensemble could recover the quenched fluorescence upon the addition of sulfide anion resulting in a off–on-type sensing with a detection limit of micromolar range in the same medium. No interference was observed from other biothiols and anions, including GSH, l-Cys, DTT, and sulfates, making it a highly sensitive and selective sulfide probe.
This paper proposes an adaptive color-guided autoregressive (AR) model for high quality depth recovery from low quality measurements captured by depth cameras. We observe and verify that the AR model ...tightly fits depth maps of generic scenes. The depth recovery task is formulated into a minimization of AR prediction errors subject to measurement consistency. The AR predictor for each pixel is constructed according to both the local correlation in the initial depth map and the nonlocal similarity in the accompanied high quality color image. We analyze the stability of our method from a linear system point of view, and design a parameter adaptation scheme to achieve stable and accurate depth recovery. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation compared with ten state-of-the-art schemes show the effectiveness and superiority of our method. Being able to handle various types of depth degradations, the proposed method is versatile for mainstream depth sensors, time-of-flight camera, and Kinect, as demonstrated by experiments on real systems.
To achieve preferential effects against cancer cells but less damage to normal cells is one of the main challenges of cancer research. In this review, we explore the roles and relationships of ...oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, DNA damage, ER stress, autophagy, metabolism, and migration of ROS-modulating anticancer drugs. Understanding preferential anticancer effects in more detail will improve chemotherapeutic approaches that are based on ROS-modulating drugs in cancer treatments.
Protons play crucial roles in many physiological and pathological processes, such as receptor-mediated signal transduction, ion transport, endocytosis, homeostasis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. ...The urgent demand for pH imaging and measurement in biological systems has incited the development of fluorescent pH probes. Numerous fluorescent probes have been reported, but many lack the abilities needed for biological applications. Hence, the development of new pH probes with better biocompatibility, sensitivity, and site-specificity is still indispensable. This review highlights the recent trends in the development of fluorescent materials as essential tools for tracing pH variations in the biological processes of diverse living systems.
A summary of fluorescent probes for imaging biological pH variations is provided.
A biotin-rhodamine-TPP conjugate (BiTClO) was reported as a real-time (within 10 s) fluorescent probe for the sensing of mitochondrial hypochlorite with excellent selectivity and high sensitivity ...(0.21 μM). Moreover, it is the first tumor-specific and mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe applied in cell imaging.
Considerable controversy exists regarding the association between hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of ...prospective studies to examine the controversy. Prospective cohort studies with relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CHD according to serum uric acid levels in adults were eligible. A random-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimate. The search yielded 29 prospective cohort studies (n = 958410 participants). Hyperuricemia was associated with increased risk of CHD morbidity (adjusted RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.21) and mortality (adjusted RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.39). For each increase of 1 mg/dl in uric acid level, the pooled multivariate RR of CHD mortality was 1.13 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.20). Dose-response analysis indicated that the combined RR of CHD mortality for an increase of 1 mg uric acid level per dl was 1.02 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.24) without heterogeneity among males (P = 0.879, I(2) = 0%) and 2.44 (95% CI 1.69 to 3.54) without heterogeneity among females (P = 0.526, I(2) = 0%). The increased risk of CHD associated with hyperuricemia was consistent across most subgroups. Hyperuricemia may increase the risk of CHD events, particularly CHD mortality in females.
Photoelectric encoders are widely used in high-precision measurement fields such as industry and aerospace because of their high precision and reliability. In order to improve the subdivision ...accuracy of moiré grating signals, a particle swarm optimization compensation model for grating the subdivision error of a photoelectric encoder based on parallel iteration is proposed. In the paper, an adaptive subdivision method of a particle swarm search domain based on the honeycomb structure is proposed, and a raster signal subdivision error compensation model based on the multi-swarm particle swarm optimization algorithm based on parallel iteration is established. The optimization algorithm can effectively improve the convergence speed and system accuracy of traditional particle swarm optimization. Finally, according to the subdivision error compensation algorithm, the subdivision error of the grating system caused by the sinusoidal error in the system is quickly corrected by taking advantage of the high-speed parallel processing of the FPGA pipeline architecture. The design experiment uses a 25-bit photoelectric encoder to verify the subdivision error algorithm. The experimental results show that the actual dynamic subdivision error can be reduced to ½ before compensation, and the static subdivision error can be reduced from 1.264″ to 0.487″ before detection.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in transmitting a variety of extracellular signals into the cells and regulate diverse physiological functions. Naturally occurring mutations ...that result in dysfunctions of GPCRs have been known as the causes of numerous diseases. Significant progresses have been made in elucidating the pathophysiology of diseases caused by mutations. The multiple intracellular signaling pathways, such as G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent signaling, in conjunction with recent advances on biased agonism, have broadened the view on the molecular mechanism of disease pathogenesis. This review aims to briefly discuss biased agonism of GPCRs (biased ligands and biased receptors), summarize the naturally occurring GPCR mutations that cause biased signaling, and propose the potential pathophysiological relevance of biased mutant GPCRs associated with various endocrine diseases.
•Naturally occurring mutations in GPCRs are the causes of numerous diseases.•Biased ligands and mutations can be found in GPCRs.•Some disease-causing GPCR mutations cause biased signaling.•Characterization of biased mutant GPCRs elucidates the pathophysiology of these diseases.
Separation of video clips into foreground and background components is a useful and important technique, making recognition, classification, and scene analysis more efficient. In this paper, we ...propose a motion-assisted matrix restoration (MAMR) model for foreground-background separation in video clips. In the proposed MAMR model, the backgrounds across frames are modeled by a low-rank matrix, while the foreground objects are modeled by a sparse matrix. To facilitate efficient foreground-background separation, a dense motion field is estimated for each frame, and mapped into a weighting matrix which indicates the likelihood that each pixel belongs to the background. Anchor frames are selected in the dense motion estimation to overcome the difficulty of detecting slowly moving objects and camouflages. In addition, we extend our model to a robust MAMR model against noise for practical applications. Evaluations on challenging datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms many other state-of-the-art methods, and is versatile for a wide range of surveillance videos.
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