All‐solid‐state (ASS) lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered the most promising next‐generation batteries due to their superior safety and high projected energy density. To access the ...practically desired high energy density of ASS LMBs, an ultrathin solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) film with fast ion‐transport capability presents as an irreplaceable component to reduce the proportion of inactive materials in ASS batteries. In this contribution, an ultrathin (60 µm), flexible, and free‐standing argyrodite (Li6PS5Cl) SSE film is designed through a self‐limited strategy. A chemically compatible cellulose membrane is employed as the self‐limiting skeleton that not only defined the thinness of the sulfide SSE film but also strengthened its mechanical properties. The ionic conductivity of the SSE film reaches up to 6.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature, enabling rapid lithium‐ion transportation. The self‐limited SSE thin films are evaluated in various ASS LMBs with different types of cathode (sulfur and lithium titanate) and anode materials (lithium and lithium‐indium alloy) at both mold‐cell and pouch‐cell levels, demonstrating a stable performance and high‐rate capability. This study provides a general strategy for the rational design of an SSE thin film towards high‐energy‐density ASS batteries.
An ultrathin, flexible, and free‐standing argyrodite solid‐state electrolyte film is designed through a self‐limited strategy. The ionic conductivity of the SSE film reaches up to 6.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature, enabling rapid lithium‐ion transportation in all‐solid‐state batteries.
All‐solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries (ASSLMBs) employing sulfide solid electrolytes have attracted increasing attention owing to superior safety and high energy density. However, the ...instability of sulfide electrolytes against Li metal induces the formation of two types of incompetent interphases, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and mixed conducting interphase (MCI), which significantly blocks rapid Li‐ion transport and induces uneven Li deposition and continuous interface degradation. In this contribution, a dynamically stable mixed conducting interphase (S‐MCI) is proposed by in situ stress self‐limiting reaction to achieve the compatibility of Li metal with composite sulfide electrolytes (Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS)). The rational design of composite electrolytes utilizes the expansion stress induced by the electrolyte decomposition to in turn constrain the further decomposition of LGPS. Consequently, the S‐MCI inherits the high dynamical stability of LPSCl‐derived SEI and the lithiophilic affinity of Li–Ge alloy in LGPS‐derived MCI. The Li||Li symmetric cells with the protection of S‐MCI can operate stably for 1500 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2. The Li||NCM622 full cells present stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.1 C with a high‐capacity retention of 93.7%. This work sheds fresh insight into constructing electrochemically stable interphase for high‐performance ASSLMBs.
A dynamically stable mixed conducting interphase (S‐MCI) is proposed by a stress self‐limiting mechanism to achieve the compatibility of Li metal with composite sulfide electrolytes. The S‐MCI can efficiently reduce Li nucleation overpotential, uniformize Li‐ion flux and promote Li kinetics, leading to the suppression of Li dendrite penetration in all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Osmotic power, also known as 'blue energy', is produced by mixing solutions of different salt concentrations, and represents a vast, sustainable and clean energy source. The efficiency of harvesting ...osmotic power is primarily determined by the transmembrane performance, which is in turn dependent on ion conductivity and selectivity towards positive or negative ions. Atomically or molecularly thin membranes with a uniform pore environment and high pore density are expected to possess an outstanding ion permeability and selectivity, but remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate that covalent organic framework monolayer membranes that feature a well-ordered pore arrangement can achieve an extremely low membrane resistivity and ultrahigh ion conductivity. When used as osmotic power generators, these membranes produce an unprecedented output power density over 200 W m
on mixing the artificial seawater and river water. This work opens up the application of porous monolayer membranes with an atomically precise structure in osmotic power generation.
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•SBS-modified asphalt showed better viscoelastic properties via 0.3 wt% graphene oxide addition.•Internal micro-state structures of modifier and base asphalt were enhanced.•Absorption ...of modifier to low molecular weight compounds was increased.•The experiments phenomenon and performance evaluation were better understood by molecular dynamics simulation.
The objective of this research is to clarify the mechanism of interaction between graphene oxide (GO) and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified asphalt. In this paper, the GO/SBS–modified asphalt was prepared using GO with contents of 0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, and 0.6 wt%. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test was applied to characterize the viscoelastic properties of the asphalt. Fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to observe the internal structure and interface enhancement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine whether some compounds were removed from the base asphalt based on the variations of the functional group. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations were performed to understand the subject and conduct the performance evaluation of the experiments. The results explain the interaction mechanism between GO and SBS–modified asphalt and provide multi–scale insights into the performance evaluation for the design of modified asphalt polymer materials.
Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are regarded as the most promising next‐generation energy storage devices due to their potential to achieve higher safety performance and energy density. However, the ...troubles in the preparation of ultrathin solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) as well as the resultant compromise in mechanical strength greatly limit the safety application of SSBs. Herein, a novel in situ polymerized integrated ultrathin SE/cathode design is developed. The ultrathin ceramic layer supported on the cathode serves not only as a rigid scaffold to prevent direct contact between the cathode and anode but also as active inorganic fillers to enhance the mechanical properties of in situ polymerized SE film. The unique Li‐ion coordination environments as well as the Li hopping mechanism profoundly promote fast ion transport in composite SEs. The in situ polymerized SEs simultaneously achieve the balance in ultrathin thickness (10 µm), fast ion transport (0.65 mS cm−1), superior Young's modulus (66.8 GPa), and excellent interface contact. The pouch cells with practical Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 configuration achieve an ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 1018 Wh L−1 and safety performance. The in situ polymerized integrated ultrathin SE/cathode design exhibits great promise for the practical application of SSBs with high energy density and safety performance.
An in situ polymerized integrated solid‐state electrolyte (SE)/cathode design is developed to achieve 10 µm‐thick SE with fast Li‐ion transport, superior mechanical strength, and excellent interface contact, therefore, enabling the pouch cells an ultrahigh energy density of 1018 Wh L−1.
Solid‐state batteries that employ solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) to replace routine liquid electrolytes are considered to be one of the most promising solutions for achieving high‐safety lithium ...metal batteries. SSEs with high mechanical modulus, thermal stability, and non‐flammability can not only inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites but also enhance the safety of lithium metal batteries. However, several internal materials/electrodes‐related thermal hazards demonstrated by recent works show that solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are not impenetrable. Therefore, understanding the potential thermal hazards of SSLMBs is critical for their more secure and widespread applications. In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of the thermal failure mechanism of SSLMBs from materials to devices. Also, strategies to improve the thermal safety performance of SSLMBs are included from the view of material enhancement, battery design, and external management. Consequently, the future directions are further provided. We hope that this work can shed bright insights into the path of constructing energy storage devices with high energy density and safety.
Focusing on the safety hazards of SSLMBs, an in‐depth understanding of the thermal failure mechanisms of SSLMBs is classified and summarized from materials to devices. Beyond that, future directions in improving battery safety are also involved. This work sheds bright insights into the path of constructing energy storage devices with high energy density and safety.
In modern agricultural production, the severity of diseases is an important factor that directly affects the yield and quality of plants. In order to effectively monitor and control the entire ...production process of plants, not only the type of disease, but also the severity of the disease must be clarified. In recent years, deep learning for plant disease species identification has been widely used. In particular, the application of convolutional neural network (CNN) to plant disease images has made breakthrough progress. However, there are relatively few studies on disease severity assessment. The group first traced the prevailing views of existing disease researchers to provide criteria for grading the severity of plant diseases. Then, depending on the network architecture, this study outlined 16 studies on CNN-based plant disease severity assessment in terms of classical CNN frameworks, improved CNN architectures and CNN-based segmentation networks, and provided a detailed comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each. Common methods for acquiring datasets and performance evaluation metrics for CNN models were investigated. Finally, this study discussed the major challenges faced by CNN-based plant disease severity assessment methods in practical applications, and provided feasible research ideas and possible solutions to address these challenges.
Antennas play a crucial role in designing an efficient communication system. However, reducing the maximum sidelobe level (SLL) of the beam pattern is a crucial challenge in antenna arrays. Pattern ...synthesis in smart antennas is a major area of research because of its widespread application across various radar and communication systems. This paper presents an effective technique to minimize the SLL and thus improve the radiation pattern of the linear antenna array (LAA) using the chaotic inertia-weighted Wild Horse optimization (IERWHO) algorithm. The wild horse optimizer (WHO) is a new metaheuristic algorithm based on the social behavior of wild horses. The IERWHO algorithm is an improved Wild Horse optimization (WHO) algorithm that combines the concepts of chaotic sequence factor, nonlinear factor, and inertia weights factor. In this paper, the method is applied for the first time in antenna array synthesis by optimizing parameters such as inter-element spacing and excitation to minimize the SLL while keeping other constraints within the boundary limits, while ensuring that the performance is not affected. For performance evaluation, the simulation tests include 12 benchmark test functions and 12 test functions to verify the effectiveness of the improvement strategies. According to the encouraging research results in this paper, the IERWHO algorithm proposed has a place in the field of optimization.
In this paper, we give some results on 2-strongly Gorenstein projective modules and related rings. We first investigate the relationship between strongly Gorenstein projective modules and periodic ...modules and then give the structure of modules over strongly Gorenstein semisimple rings. Furthermore, we prove that a ring $R$ is 2-strongly Gorenstein hereditary if and only if every ideal of $R$ is Gorenstein projective and the class of 2-strongly Gorenstein projective modules is closed under extensions. Finally, we study the relationship between 2-Gorenstein projective hereditary and 2-Gorenstein projective semisimple rings, and we also give an example to show the quotient ring of a 2-Gorenstein projective hereditary ring is not necessarily 2-Gorenstein projective semisimple. KCI Citation Count: 0
In robotic polishing applications, the rotating polisher will generate strong vibration disturbance, which makes it more difficult to detect and control the contact force. This paper proposes a novel ...and practical method to detect and control the contact force using the built-in sensors (motor encoders and joint torque sensors) for actual robotic polishing in harsh conditions of strong vibration disturbance. An extended state observer based on the robot dynamic model is developed to estimate the contact force in real time, and a new and efficient adaptive filter combining insights of the notch filter with the tracking differentiator is designed to relieve the strong vibration disturbance of torque signals from the eccentrically rotating polisher. On the basis of efficient force detection, a hybrid position/force control method based on the inner joint torque controller is proposed to realize accurate force control in actual robotic polishing of curved surfaces. With the proposed contact force detection and control methodology, the robot is potential to achieve satisfied polishing applications in which some usual accessories, such as the six-axis force/torque sensor or Remote Center Compliance device are absent. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed contact force detection method in conditions of strong vibration disturbance from the rotating polisher. In addition, the curved surface polishing experiments indicate that the new hybrid position/force control framework performs well on rejecting the strong disturbances while maintaining high force control accuracy of polishing, and the quality of polished surface is greatly improved.
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