This study aimed to investigate the expression and cellular function of the centromeric family of proteins (CENPs), especially centromere protein I (CENP-I), in gastric cancer (GC) and identified its ...clinical significance and cellular functions. CENP-I expression in GC was studied by cDNA microarray, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), UALCAN, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Microarray and bioinformatic analyses identified upregulated CENP-A/E/F/H/I/K/P/W and HJURP in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), but not in signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Significantly higher CENP-I mRNA expression was also confirmed in 40 pairs of GC tissues than in paired normal gastric tissues by qRT-PCR (P<.001). IHC showed that elevated CENP-I expression was associated with higher tumor stage, lymph node invasion, increased HER2-positive rate (36.7% vs 10.0%), and intestinal Lauren classification in 69 GC samples compared to paired paracancerous normal tissues. The survival of the high-CENP-I group members was poor compared with that of the low-CENP-I group (P = .0011). Cox univariate regression analysis identified tumor size (P = .008), HER2 status (P = .027), and CENP-I expression (P = .049) were independent prognostic factors of GC. The cellular function of CENP-I was studied in MKN45 and MKN28 GC cell lines in vitro. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8, transwell assay, TUNEL assay, and flow cytometry. Our results showed that CENP-I promoted GC cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, facilitated cell migration, and induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), possibly by activating the AKT pathway. CENP-I expression was correlated with genetic signatures of the proliferative subtype of GC, characterized by intestinal Lauren classification, HER2 amplification, and TP53 mutation. In conclusion, this study revealed an elevated CENP-I expression in GC, which was associated with malignant features and poor prognosis of GC patients, and identified its function in modulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.
Green-Solvent-Processed Molecular Solar Cells Chen, Xiaofen; Liu, Xiaofeng; Burgers, Mark A. ...
Angewandte Chemie (International ed.),
December 22, 2014, Volume:
53, Issue:
52
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
High‐efficiency bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of more than 5 % can be fabricated using the green solvent 2‐MeTHF. The active layers comprise a blend ...of a molecular semiconductor donor with intermediate dimensions (X2) and the soluble fullerene derivative 6,6‐phenyl‐C61‐butyricacidoctylester (PC61BC8). A switch of the processing solvent from chloroform to 2‐MeTHF leads to no negative impacts on the morphology and charge‐transport properties of optimally performing BHJ films. Examinations by absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering reveal no significant modification of morphology. These results show that green solvents can be excellent alternatives for large‐area printing of high‐performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and thus open new opportunities for sustainable mass production of organic solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
Molecular solar cells with high efficiencies can be fabricated from the green solvent 2‐MeTHF. The light‐harvesting semiconducting layer comprises a molecular donor with intermediate dimensions and a soluble fullerene derivative. No specific structural modifications are required on the semiconductors in order to use sustainable resources. PCE=power conversion efficiency.
Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been vigorously developed for shortwave light photodetection due to their strong light absorption and excellent semiconductor ...properties. However, 2D hybrid perovskites with low detection limits have not been widely studied, which hinders their application in weak shortwave light detection. Herein, sensitive weak shortwave light detection with a low detection limit was achieved in the centimeter-size single crystals of 2D hybrid perovskite (PA)
2
PbBr
4
(
1
, PA = CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
3
+
). Beneficial to centimeter-size high-quality single crystals,
1
exhibits a low defect density of 1.66 × 10
10
cm
−3
and a low dark current of 2.81 × 10
−12
A, which is favorable for photoelectric detection. Importantly, even in the vicinity of the minimum photosensitive light intensity of 2D perovskite of 20 nW cm
−2
, the photodetector based on
1
still exhibits a remarkable photoelectric response. Meanwhile, the detector shows an excellent detectivity of 6.08 × 10
12
Jones and responsivity of 91.2 mA W
−1
. This work demonstrates the promising potential of 2D hybrid perovskites for weak shortwave light detection and provides a new perspective for their future photodetection application.
Weak shortwave light photodetection with a low detection limit was achieved
via
centimeter-size single crystals of 2D perovskite (PA)
2
PbBr
4
. Under an extremely low illumination of 20 nW cm
−2
, the detector still exhibits a remarkable photoresponse.
Abstract
Background
Ilizarov method has become one of primary methods for treating bone defects. Currently, there is growing trend in the application of modified Ilizarov methods (e.g., applying ...unilateral external fixators or with flap tissue) and its combined methods (e.g., Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer or internal fixation) to manage bone defects. However, there is a lack of studies with systematical evaluation of the clinical effects of these evolving methods. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis for overall evaluating the clinical effects on long bone defects of lower extremity in Ilizarov methods and its combined methods.
Methods
Studies were identified in three electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library) from the earliest indexing year through November 01, 2022, and relevant data were extracted subsequently. The total number of participants, number of participants with bone unions, bone result or functional result, and related complications including pin infection, pin loosening, pain, refracture, limb discrepancy, malalignment, joint stiffness, recurrent infection, and amputation were extracted in this study. Then, union rate (defined as the proportion of patients who achieved bone unions) and specific complication incidence rate (defined as the proportion of patients who experienced specific complication) were pooled estimated respectively. Relative risk (RR) was used for comparing the clinical effects among various Ilizarov technique.
Results
Sixty-eight case series studies, 29 comparative studies, and 3 randomized clinical trials were finally included. The union rate of Ilizarov methods was 99.29% (95% CI: 98.67% ~ 99.86%) in tibial defects and 98.81% (95% CI: 98.81% ~ 100.00%) in femoral defects. The union rate of Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer and intramedullary nail in tibial defects was 99.58% (95% CI: 98.05% ~ 100.00%) and 95.02% (95% CI: 87.28% ~ 100.00%), respectively. Compared to the Ilizarov methods, the union rate of the Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer in tibial defects increased slightly (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 1.04). Meanwhile, compared to Ilizarov methods, we found lower excellent rate in bone result in Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer, with the moderate to high heterogeneity. Compared to the Ilizarov method, lower rate of pin infection, higher rate of recurrent infection and amputation were observed in Ilizarov method with intramedullary nail, however, the findings about the comparison of pin infection and recurrent infection between the two groups were presented with high degree of statistical heterogeneity.
Conclusion
Our study confirmed the reliable treatment of Ilizarov methods and its combined technique on long bone defects, and founded there were significant differences on some complications rate between Ilizarov methods and its combined technique. However, the findings need to be confirmed by further studies.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasing worldwide. Although there is currently no completely curative treatment, helminthic therapy ...shows certain therapeutic potential for UC. Many studies have found that Trichinella spiralis (T.s) has a protective effect on UC, but the specific mechanism is still unclear.
Balb/c mice drank dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce acute colitis and then were treated with T.s. In vitro experiments, the LPS combination with ATP was used to induce the pyroptosis model, followed by intervention with crude protein from T.s (T.s cp). Additionally, the pyroptosis agonist of NSC or the pyroptosis inhibitor vx-765 was added to intervene to explore the role of pyroptosis in DSS-induced acute colitis. The degree of pyroptosis was evaluated by western blot, qPCR and IHC, etc., in vivo and in vitro.
T.s intervention significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis by downregulating the expression of pyroptosis-related signatures in vitro (cellular inflammatory model) and in vivo (DSS-induced UC mice model). Furthermore, blockade of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis by the caspase-1 inhibitor vx-765 has a similar therapeutic effect on DSS-induced UC mice with T.s intervention, thus indicating that T.s intervention alleviated DSS-induced UC in mice by inhibiting GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.
This study showed that T.s could alleviate the pathological severity UC via GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, and it provides new insight into the mechanistic study and application of helminths in treating colitis.
To analyze and explore the risk factors for neurological symptoms in patients with purely hepatic Wilson's disease (WD) at diagnosis.
This retrospective study was conducted at the First Affiliated ...Hospital of the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University on 68 patients with purely hepatic WD aged 20.6 ± 7.2 years. The physical examinations, laboratory tests, color Doppler ultrasound of the liver and spleen, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were performed.
The elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and 24-h urinary copper level were higher in the purely hepatic WD who developed neurological symptoms (NH-WD) group than those in the purely hepatic WD (H-WD) group. Adherence to low-copper diet, and daily oral doses of penicillamine (PCA) and zinc gluconate (ZG) were lower in the NH-WD group than those in the H-WD group. Logistic regression analysis showed that insufficient doses of PCA and ZG were associated with the development of neurological symptoms in patients with purely hepatic WD at diagnosis.
The development of neurological symptoms in patients with purely hepatic WD was closely associated with insufficient doses of PCA and ZG, and the inferior efficacy of copper-chelating agents. During the course of anti-copper treatment, the patient's medical status and the efficacy of copper excretion should be closely monitored.
In the process of recycling, dismantling, and reusing household appliances, implementing extended producer responsibility (EPR) has become increasingly important. Designing a reasonable pricing ...mechanism for waste household appliance recycling is critical for the implementation of EPR. To address the problem of labor-intensive and experience-dependent traditional manual methods for assessing the value of waste household appliances, in this paper, we propose an evaluation method based on the subtractive clustering method and an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (SCM–ANFIS), which outperforms traditional neural networks such as LSTM, BP neural network, random forest and Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy neural network (T–S FNN). Moreover, in this paper, we combine the five aforementioned algorithms to design a combination evaluation model based on maximum ratio combination (CEM–MRC), which can achieve a performance improvement of 0.1% in terms of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) compared to the suboptimal BP neural network. Furthermore, an enhanced evaluation model based on classification selection (EEM–CS) is designed to automatically select the evaluation results between the optimal SCM–ANFIS and the suboptimal CEM–MRC, resulting in a 0.73% reduction in MAPE compared to the optimal SCM–ANFIS and a 1.42% reduction compared to the suboptimal CEM–MRC. In this paper, we also validate the performance of the proposed algorithms using a dataset of waste television recycling, which demonstrates the high accuracy of the proposed value assessment mechanisms achieved without human intervention and a significant improvement in evaluation accuracy as compared to conventional neural-network-based algorithms.
Chiral three‐dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (3D HOIPs) would show unique chiroptoelectronic performance due to the combination of chirality and 3D structure. However, the synthesis ...of 3D chiral HOIPs remains a significant challenge. Herein, we constructed a pair of unprecedented 3D chiral halide perovskitoids (R/S‐BPEA)EA6Pb4Cl15 (1‐R/S) (R/S‐BPEA=(R/S)‐1‐4‐Bromophenylethylammonium, EA=ethylammonium), in which the large chiral cations can be contained in the big “hollow” inorganic frameworks induced by mixing cations. Notably, 3D 1‐R/S shows natural chiroptical activity, as evidenced by its significant mirror circular dichroism spectra and the ability to distinguish circularly polarized light. Moreover, based on the unique 3D structure, 1‐S presents sensitive X‐ray detection performance with a low detection limit of 398 nGyair s−1, which is 14 times lower than the regular medical diagnosis of 5.5 μGyair s−1. In this work, 3D chiral halide perovskitoids provide a new route to develop chiral material in spintronics and optoelectronics.
A pair of unprecedented 3D chiral halide perovskitoids (R/S‐BPEA)EA6Pb4Cl15 (1‐R/S) (R‐/S‐BPEA=(R/S)‐1‐4‐Bromophenylethylamine, EA=Ethylamine) have been constructed by introducing chiral and achiral cations into the 3D “hollow” inorganic framework. The realization of 3D chiral halide perovskitoids provides a new route for developing chiral materials toward spintronics and chiroptoelectronics applications.
Fingolimod (FTY720) is used as an immunosuppressant for multiple sclerosis. Numerous studies indicated its neuroprotective effects in stroke. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. This ...study was intended to investigate the mechanisms of phosphorylated FTY720 (pFTY720), which was the principle active molecule in regulating astrocyte‐mediated inflammatory responses induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD). Results demonstrated that pFTY720 could protect astrocytes against OGD‐induced injury and inflammatory responses. It significantly decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Further, studies displayed that pFTY720 could prevent up‐regulation of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) p65 subunit caused by OGD. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) knockdown could reverse the above change. Moreover, administration of TLR2/4 blocker abolished the protective effects of pFTY720. Taken together, this study reveals that pFTY720 depends on S1PR3 to protect astrocytes against OGD‐induced neuroinflammation, due to inhibiting TLR2/4‐PI3K‐NFκB signalling pathway.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a significant global health burden, characterized by a heterogeneous molecular landscape and various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Programmed cell death (PCD) ...plays a critical role in CRC, offering potential targets for therapy by regulating cell elimination processes that can suppress tumor growth or trigger cancer cell resistance. Understanding the complex interplay between PCD mechanisms and CRC pathogenesis is crucial. This study aims to construct a PCD-related prognostic signature in CRC using machine learning integration, enhancing the precision of CRC prognosis prediction.
We retrieved expression data and clinical information from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Fifteen forms of PCD were identified, and corresponding gene sets were compiled. Machine learning algorithms, including Lasso, Ridge, Enet, StepCox, survivalSVM, CoxBoost, SuperPC, plsRcox, random survival forest (RSF), and gradient boosting machine, were integrated for model construction. The models were validated using six GEO datasets, and the programmed cell death score (PCDS) was established. Further, the model's effectiveness was compared with 109 transcriptome-based CRC prognostic models.
Our integrated model successfully identified differentially expressed PCD-related genes and stratified CRC samples into four subtypes with distinct prognostic implications. The optimal combination of machine learning models, RSF + Ridge, showed superior performance compared with traditional methods. The PCDS effectively stratified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with significant survival differences. Further analysis revealed the prognostic relevance of immune cell types and pathways associated with CRC subtypes. The model also identified hub genes and drug sensitivities relevant to CRC prognosis.
The current study highlights the potential of integrating machine learning models to enhance the prediction of CRC prognosis. The developed prognostic signature, which is related to PCD, holds promise for personalized and effective therapeutic interventions in CRC.
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