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•Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed by metal ions (or metal clusters) and organic ligands through coordination bonds into 2D or 3D extended periodic network structures have ...developed rapidly in the last two decades, and showed great promising for numerous applications such as gas storage, separation, chemical sensing, catalysis, nonlinear optics, and potential biomedical applications.•Biological metal-organic frameworks (BioMOFs) are a new class of crystalline porous materials developed in last decade, which belongs to a subclass of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Biomolecules introduced as components of MOFs endow biological compatibility for this emerging type of materials, which would provide new opportunities of applications in the biology, medicine, and a variety of application fields. Since the special function group of the bio-ligands and abundant interaction sites with guest make BioMOFs become excellent host frameworks for molecular recognition, biomimetic catalysis and various fields. In this sense, it is expected that BioMOFs will become a superstar in the field of smart materials.•In this review, to focus the host-guest chemistry and the application of biology and biochemistry, we overview recent examples of BioMOFs made of multifunctional biomolecular ligands and transition metal ions. The bio-ligands include nucleobase, amino acid, polypeptide, protein, cyclodextrin, porphyrin and metalloporphyrin. Host-guest chemistry of BioMOFs is highlighted in light of supramolecular recognition. The potential applications of BioMOFs in several promising research fields are summarized. In the last section, an outlook and possible challenges in advancing these research topics are also pointed out.
Biological metal–organic frameworks (BioMOFs) are a new class of crystalline porous materials developed in the last decade that represent a subclass of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Biomolecules introduced as components of MOFs confer biological compatibility for this emerging type of material, thus providing new opportunities for applications in biology, medicine, and a variety of other fields. In this review, to focus on host–guest chemistry and applications in biology and biochemistry, we provide an overview of recent examples of BioMOFs comprising multifunctional biomolecular ligands and transition metal ions. The bio-ligands include nucleobases, amino acids, polypeptides, proteins, cyclodextrin, porphyrin/metalloporphyrin and others. The host–guest chemistry of BioMOFs is highlighted in light of supramolecular recognition by different technologies. The potential applications of BioMOFs in several promising research fields such as drug delivery, enantioseparation and biomimetic catalysis are also summarized. In the last section, the outlook and possible challenges in advancing these research topics are illustrated.
Desktop services have been widely used among educational institutions, because they enable students to learn anywhere and anytime via the Internet. Students can learn by using the paid software ...pre-installed on the virtual desktop without limitations. However, the factors behind students' continued use of desktop services have received surprisingly little attention, which may be detrimental to the promotion of such services. Previous studies have shown that students' acceptance of a given educational technology does not necessarily lead to their continued use of it. Hence, this study developed a model based on expectation-confirmation and social influence. The former serves as the internal factor behind students' continued use of desktop services, while the latter external. From the data collected from 167 sophomores using a questionnaire, the findings indicate that (1) the external factor (e.g. the teacher's opinion) of the desktop service exerted a more significant influence than the internal one (e.g. satisfaction) did on the subjects' continued use; (2) subjective norm (i.e. the teacher's opinion) was the sole source of the external influence on the subjects' continued use, and the subjective norm was affected by social identity and group norms; and (3) satisfaction wielded the strongest internal influence on the subjects' continued use, and the degree of satisfaction was determined by effort- and performance-expectancy. These findings revealed an implication for the promotion of desktop services, namely, it was not so much the merits and drawbacks of such service as the teacher's opinion that played a decisive role in the subjects' continued use.
•We examined the factors behind students' continued use of desktop services.•Subjective norm exerted the sole exogenous influence on continued use.•Satisfaction wielded the strongest endogenous influence on continued use.•Continued use was particularly subject to exogenous influence.
The forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is a crucial transcription factor in initiation and development of breast, lung and prostate cancer. Previous studies about the FOXA1 transcriptional network were mainly ...focused on protein-coding genes. Its regulatory network of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their role in FOXA1 oncogenic activity remains unknown.
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data were used to analyze FOXA1 regulated lncRNAs. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of DSCAM-AS1, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of FOXA1, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and Y box binding protein 1 (YBX1). RNA pull-down and RIP-qPCR were employed to investigate the interaction between DSCAM-AS1 and YBX1. The effect of DSCAM-AS1 on malignant phenotypes was examined through
and
assays.
In this study, we conducted a global analysis of FOXA1 regulated lncRNAs. For detailed analysis, we chose lncRNA DSCAM-AS1, which is specifically expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, breast and prostate cancer. The expression level of DSCAM-AS1 is regulated by two super-enhancers (SEs) driven by FOXA1. High expression levels of DSCAM-AS1 was associated with poor prognosis. Knockout experiments showed DSCAM-AS1 was essential for the growth of xenograft tumors. Moreover, we demonstrated DSCAM-AS1 can regulate the expression of the master transcriptional factor FOXA1. In breast cancer, DSCAM-AS1 was also found to regulate ERα. Mechanistically, DSCAM-AS1 interacts with YBX1 and influences the recruitment of YBX1 in the promoter regions of FOXA1 and ERα.
Our study demonstrated that lncRNA DSCAM-AS1 was transcriptionally activated by super-enhancers driven by FOXA1 and exhibited lineage-specific expression pattern. DSCAM-AS1 can promote cancer progression by interacting with YBX1 and regulating expression of FOXA1 and ERα.
Porous materials that can undergo pore‐structure adjustment to better accommodate specific molecules are ideal for separation and purification. Here, we report a stable microporous metal‐organic ...framework, JNU‐1, featuring one‐dimensional diamond‐shaped channels with a high density of open metal sites arranged on the surface for the cooperative binding of acetylene. Together with its framework flexibility and appropriate pore geometry, JNU‐1 exhibits an induced‐fit behavior for acetylene. The specific binding sites and continuous framework adaptation upon increased acetylene pressure are validated by molecular modeling and in situ X‐ray diffraction study. This unique induced‐fit behavior endows JNU‐1 with an unprecedented increase in the acetylene binding affinity (adsorption enthalpy: up to 47.6 kJ mol−1 at ca. 2.0 mmol g−1 loading).
Tailored pores: A flexible microporous metal‐organic framework (MOF) physisorbent, JNU‐1, exhibits an induced‐fit behavior for acetylene. This unique behavior endows JNU‐1 with an unprecedented increase in the acetylene binding affinity (adsorption enthalpy: up to 47.6 kJ mol−1 at ca. 2.0 mmol g−1 loading), which enables a remarkable selectivity towards acetylene over other gas molecules including carbon dioxide.
Abstract The complexity of emotions has thus far limited our understanding of them. To obtain a clear understanding of the nature of emotion, this paper proposes a novel emotion theory and ...establishes a universal model of the conscious world in the human brain, the substanguage and interaction model (SIM). Based on an analysis of the possibilities of the interaction process in the SIM, two basic emotions that are indecomposable factors within all emotions—hope and fear—are identified. A questionnaire survey reveals that this basic emotion exhibits high acceptability. Based on emotion theory, this paper reasonably explains the phenomena of facial attraction and infantile facial preference and discusses the psychological reasons for phonocentrism, the phenomenon of preferring the spoken word over the written word. In addition, this paper explores the possibility of artificial intelligence possessing self-emotions. Emotions are relevant to many areas of human knowledge, as well as to everyone’s daily lives, and the simple, clear way to understand emotions provided in this paper may be instructive for everyone.
Heritage holds significant historical, cultural, or natural value. GIS technology integrates spatial and attribute data of heritage sites, providing a powerful modern tool for better understanding, ...preservation, and management of heritage resources. To reveal the progress and trends in GIS applications in heritage studies (GIS-Heritage), this study collected and analyzed 1026 relevant research articles published between 1994 and 2023 from the Web of Science database. The analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer software for bibliometric and visualization analysis. The results demonstrated that Italy has made the largest contributions in the field of GIS-Heritage. There exists a close collaboration among research institutions. Journals like the
Journal of Cultural Heritage
played crucial roles. The most influential authors include Brown, Agapiou, and Nicu. The key research themes identified encompass cultural heritage, GIS, sustainable development, spatial analysis, archaeology, conservation, and photogrammetry. Based on the findings of the bibliometric analysis, this paper puts forward future research recommendations in the field of GIS-Heritage, focusing on data integration, technological innovation, as well as interdisciplinary and international collaboration.
A general protocol for the synthesis of N-alkyl indoles has been developed via a redox neutral C–H activation strategy using a traceless nitroso directing group. A broad scope of substituted N-alkyl ...indoles has been prepared in good to excellent yields using a very simple Rh catalyst system in the absence of an external oxidant or any other additive. Good to excellent regioselectivity has been achieved for asymmetrically disubstituted acetylenes.
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate antitumor immune response. Recently, NK cell dysfunction has been verified in various malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma ...(HCC). However, the molecular biological mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in human HCC are still obscure.
The expression of circular ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domain 1 RNA (circUHRF1) in HCC tissues, exosomes, and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of HCC cells and plasma of HCC patients using an ultracentrifugation method and the ExoQuick Exosome Precipitation Solution kit and then characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, NanoSight and western blotting. The role of circUHRF1 in NK cell dysfunction was assessed by ELISA. In vivo circRNA precipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of circUHRF1 in NK cells. In a retrospective study, the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of circUHRF1 were determined in HCC tissues.
Here, we report that the expression of circUHRF1 is higher in human HCC tissues than in matched adjacent nontumor tissues. Increased levels of circUHRF1 indicate poor clinical prognosis and NK cell dysfunction in patients with HCC. In HCC patient plasma, circUHRF1 is predominantly secreted by HCC cells in an exosomal manner, and circUHRF1 inhibits NK cell-derived IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion. A high level of plasma exosomal circUHRF1 is associated with a decreased NK cell proportion and decreased NK cell tumor infiltration. Moreover, circUHRF1 inhibits NK cell function by upregulating the expression of TIM-3 via degradation of miR-449c-5p. Finally, we show that circUHRF1 may drive resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy in HCC patients.
Exosomal circUHRF1 is predominantly secreted by HCC cells and contributes to immunosuppression by inducing NK cell dysfunction in HCC. CircUHRF1 may drive resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with HCC.
One important goal of the current electrocatalysis is to develop integrated electrodes from the atomic level design to multilevel structural engineering in simple ways and low prices. Here, a series ...of oxygen micro‐alloyed high‐entropy alloys (O‐HEAs) is developed via a metallurgy approach. A (CrFeCoNi)97O3 bulk O‐HEA shows exceptional electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), reaching an overpotential as low as 196 mV and a Tafel slope of 29 mV dec−1, and with stability longer than 120 h in 1 m KOH solution at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. It is shown that the enhanced OER performance can be attributed to the formation of island‐like Cr2O3 microdomains, the leaching of Cr3+ ions, and structural amorphization at the interfaces of the domains. These findings offer a technological‐orientated strategy to integrated electrodes.
A new class of bulk electrodes is designed by incorporating oxide microdomains into the so‐called high‐entropy alloys (HEAs). From these, unprecedented oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity is achieved, with an ultralow overpotential of 196 mV and a Tafel slope of 29 mV dec−1, and with stability longer than 120 h in 1 m KOH solution at current density of 10 mA cm−2.
Dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays important roles in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) has ...been considered as an lncRNA to be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Here, we reported that SNHG3 expression was significantly higher in the highly metastatic HCC (HCCLM3) cells compared with the lowly metastatic HCC cells (Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5). Furthermore, forced expression of SNHG3 promoted cell invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and sorafenib resistance in HCC. Moreover, SNHG3 overexpression induced HCC cells EMT via miR‐128/CD151 cascade activation. Clinically, our data revealed that increased SNHG3 expression is correlated with poor HCC survival outcomes and sorafenib response. These data suggest that SNHG3 may be a novel therapeutic target and a biomarker for predicting response to sorafenib treatment of HCC.
Here, our data revealed that increase in small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) expression is correlated with poor hepatocellular carcinoma survival outcomes and sorafenib response. These data suggest that SNHG3 may be a novel therapeutic target and a biomarker for predicting response to sorafenib treatment of HCC.
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