Artemisinin is a type of sesquiterpene lactone well known as an antimalarial drug, and is specifically produced in glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua. However, the regulatory network for the ...artemisinin biosynthetic pathway remains poorly understood. Exploration of trichome-specific transcription factors would facilitate the elucidation of regulatory mechanism of artemisinin biosynthesis.
The WRKY transcription factor GLANDULAR TRICHOME-SPECIFIC WRKY 1 (AaGSW1) was cloned and analysed in A. annua. AaGSW1 exhibited similar expression patterns to the trichome-specific genes of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway and AP2/ERF transcription factor AaORA. A β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining assay further demonstrated that AaGSW1 is a glandular trichome-specific transcription factor.
AaGSW1 positively regulates CYP71AV1 and AaORA expression by directly binding to the W-box motifs in their promoters. Overexpression of AaGSW1 in A. annua significantly improves artemisinin and dihydroartemisinic acid contents; moreover, AaGSW1 can be directly regulated by AaMYC2 and AabZIP1, which are positive regulators of jasmonate (JA)-and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated artemisinin biosynthetic pathways, respectively.
These results demonstrate that AaGSW1 is a glandular trichome-specific WRKY transcription factor and a positive regulator in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, we propose that two trifurcate feed-forward pathways involving AaGSW1, CYP71AV1 and AaMYC2/AabZIP1 function in the JA/ABA response in A. annua.
Abstract This paper aims to investigate the application of artificial intelligence in robotic arm automation control for the accurate identification of different types of garbage using deep learning ...algorithms. The goal is to enable the robotic arm to autonomously classify and handle garbage. The appropriate garbage classification dataset was selected and subjected to data preprocessing in this study. After comparing various well-established convolutional neural network models, including VGG16, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, and InceptionResNetV3, in terms of performance and suitability on the target dataset, the Xception model, which exhibited the best performance metrics, was selected for this research. Subsequently, the paper optimized the model by incorporating self-attention mechanisms, self-optimization strategies for learning rate, learning weight adjustments, and unfreezing of pre-trained layers, resulting in a predictive accuracy of 96.9% on the test set and an AUC area of 0.9989. Additionally, the paper simulated the robotic arm in a simulated environment and successfully achieved the objective of automatic garbage identification and classification using the developed model.
Summary
Glandular trichomes and cuticles are both specialized structures that cover the epidermis of aerial plant organs. The former are commonly regarded as ‘biofactories’ for producing valuable ...natural products. The latter are generally considered as natural barriers for defending plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the regulatory network for their formation and relationship remains largely elusive.
Here we identify a homeodomain‐leucine zipper (HD‐ZIP) IV transcription factor, AaHD8, directly promoting the expression of AaHD1 for glandular trichome initiation in Artemisia annua.
We found that AaHD8 positively regulated leaf cuticle development in A. annua via controlling the expression of cuticle‐related enzyme genes. Furthermore, AaHD8 interacted with a MIXTA‐like protein AaMIXTA1, a positive regulator of trichome initiation and cuticle development, forming a regulatory complex and leading to enhanced transcriptional activity in regulating the expression of AaHD1 and cuticle development genes.
Our results reveal a molecular mechanism by which a novel HD‐ZIP IV/MIXTA complex plays a significant role in regulating epidermal development, including glandular trichome initiation and cuticle formation.
Aiming at the problem that the traditional fixed-step LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm can not satisfy both faster convergence speed and smaller steady-state error, an improved variable-step LMS ...algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this paper, an improved variable step size LMS algorithm based on Sigimoid function is proposed.In this paper, the error signal of the previous time is introduced as a reference to control the shape and scope of the step factor curve. Compared with the error value of the current time, the feedback mechanism can make the system more stable. The simulation results show that, compared with other adaptive filtering algorithms proposed in recent years, the algorithm achieves steady state after 200 iterations on average, converges faster and runs faster by 7.2%. When the system mutates, it can quickly restore steady state again.
Glandular trichomes and cuticles are both specialized structures that cover the epidermis of aerial plant organs. The former are commonly regarded as ‘biofactories’ for producing valuable natural ...products. The latter are generally considered as natural barriers for defending plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the regulatory network for their formation and relationship remains largely elusive.
Here we identify a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) IV transcription factor, AaHD8, directly promoting the expression of AaHD1 for glandular trichome initiation in Artemisia annua.
We found that AaHD8 positively regulated leaf cuticle development in A. annua via controlling the expression of cuticle-related enzyme genes. Furthermore, AaHD8 interacted with a MIXTA-like protein AaMIXTA1, a positive regulator of trichome initiation and cuticle development, forming a regulatory complex and leading to enhanced transcriptional activity in regulating the expression of AaHD1 and cuticle development genes.
Our results reveal a molecular mechanism by which a novel HD-ZIP IV/MIXTA complex plays a significant role in regulating epidermal development, including glandular trichome initiation and cuticle formation.
Pt nanoparticle-anchored zirconium-based metal organic framework nanocomposites (Pt@UiO66-NH2) with large surface areas and highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles were synthesized and applied to prepare ...acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) detection. Because of integrative impact of excellent electron conduction channels and the increasing of adsorption sites of Pt@UiO66-NH2 as well as the ultrahigh surface area to increase AChE immobilization, the prepared biosensors exhibited high sensitivity towards malathion (as a model for OPs), malathion was detected ranging from 1 × 10−14 M to 1 × 10−9 M and 4.9 × 10−15 M was regarded as limit of detection. The biosensors also displayed accurately. Moreover, the Pt@UiO66-NH2/GCE was used to detect OPs in cabbage and apple samples. This study manifests the profound potential of metal nanoparticle/MOF composites for biosensors with improved electrochemical performance.
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Excessive inflammation and the pyroptosis of vascular endothelial cells caused by estrogen deficiency is one cause of atherosclerosis in post-menopausal women. The autophagy is highly ...regulated by estrogen, however whether estrogen can reduce vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis through estrogen receptor-mediated activation of autophagy to improve atherosclerosis in post-menopausal stage is still unknown.
To explore whether estrogen can prevent atherosclerosis by regulating estrogen receptor and subsequently activating autophagy to reduce inflammation and pyroptosis.
Aortic samples from pro-menopausal and post-menopausal women with ascending aortic arteriosclerosis were analyzed, and bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) female ApoE-/- mice and homocysteine (Hcy)-treated HUVECs were used to analyze the effect of estrogen supplementation therapy.
The aortic endothelium showed a decrease in ERα expression and autophagy, but presented an increase in inflammation and pyroptosis in female post-menopausal patients. Estrogen treatment accelerated autophagy and ameliorated cell pyroptosis in the cardiac aortas of OVX ApoE-/- mice and Hcy-treated HUVECs. Estrogen had therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis and improved the symptoms associated with lipid metabolism disorders in OVX ApoE-/- mice. Inhibition and silencing of ERα led to a reduction in the autophagy promoting ability of estrogen and aggravated pyroptosis. Moreover, the inhibition of autophagy promoted pyroptosis and abolished the protective effect of estrogen, but had no influence on ERα expression.
The results of the present study demonstrated that post-menopausal women present decreased autophagy and ERα expression and excessive damage to the ascending aorta. In addition, in vitro and in vivo assay results demonstrated that estrogen prevents atherosclerosis by upregulating ERα expression and subsequently induces autophagy to reduce inflammation and pyroptosis.
IntroductionThis protocol designed a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and prognostic outcomes of modified tissue selecting technique (M-TST) combined with ...complete anal canal epithelial preservation (CACP) among patients with circumferential mixed haemorrhoids.Methods and analysisThis study will be single-blinded, and recruit 348 patients who are admitted to the Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and fulfil the inclusion criteria from January 2022 to December 2022. Patients will be randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The statistician will be blinded for the allocation. The treatment group will receive M-TST combined with CACP (M-TST–CACP), while the control group will receive the procedure for prolapse and haemorrhoids. The two groups will receive the same preoperative and postoperative care. The primary outcome will be recurrence rate. The secondary outcomes will be operation time, intraoperative bleeding, incontinence, pain, postoperative complications (severe bleeding, perianal oedema, urinary retention, faecal urgency, skin tags and anal stenosis), prolapse, recovery time, quality of life, Haemorrhoid Severity Score, and Symptom Severity Score.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of the Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (approval no. 202102001).Trial registration numberChiCTR2100042750.
Abstract
While there are several genome editing techniques available, few are suitable for dynamic and simultaneous mutagenesis of arbitrary targeted sequences in prokaryotes. Here, to address these ...limitations, we present a versatile and multiplex retron-mediated genome editing system (REGES). First, through systematic optimization of REGES, we achieve efficiency of ∼100%, 85 ± 3%, 69 ± 14% and 25 ± 14% for single-, double-, triple- and quadruple-locus genome editing, respectively. In addition, we employ REGES to generate pooled and barcoded variant libraries with degenerate RBS sequences to fine-tune the expression level of endogenous and exogenous genes, such as transcriptional factors to improve ethanol tolerance and biotin biosynthesis. Finally, we demonstrate REGES-mediated continuous in vivo protein evolution, by combining retron, polymerase-mediated base editing and error-prone transcription. By these case studies, we demonstrate REGES as a powerful multiplex genome editing and continuous evolution tool with broad applications in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
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