Abstract Background Current evidence suggests that metabolic dysregulation is inextricably linked to both hypertension and osteoporosis, but the correlation between hypertension and osteoporosis is ...still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we explored the correlation between hypertension and osteoporosis. Methods A total of 37,807 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2010, 2013–2014, 2017–2018) were enrolled in this population-based cross-sectional study. Hypertension was considered an exposure factor and osteoporosis was considered an outcome factor. Logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to assess the association between hypertension and osteoporosis. Results A total of 2,523 participants, with a mean age of 68.65 ± 12.21 years, suffered from osteoporosis, and 86.2% were female. Participants with osteoporosis had a greater prevalence of hypertension than participants without osteoporosis ( p < 0.001). Participants with hypertension also had a greater prevalence of osteoporosis than participants without hypertension ( p < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension was associated with osteoporosis (OR: 2.693, 95% CI: 2.480–2.924, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a fully adjusted model indicated that hypertension was strongly associated with osteoporosis (OR: 1.183, 95% CI: 1.055–1.327, p = 0.004). Subgroup analysis revealed that the associations between hypertension and osteoporosis were significant in the younger than 60 years, male sex, diabetes subgroup and hypercholesterolemia subgroup ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Hypertension was independently associated with osteoporosis in the general population.
The causal association between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains inconclusive, and the mediators of the association have yet to be explored.
We aimed to assess the ...potential causal relationship between PM2.5 and AD, and to investigate the mediating role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS).
We implemented a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to examine the genetic predisposition to PM2.5 exposure and its association with AD. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical tool to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
There were 6 and 4 genetic variants associated with DHEAS and PM2.5, respectively. Based on the multivariable MR analysis, we found that after adjusting for DHEAS, each standard deviation increase in PM2.5 was associated with the risk of AD (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.33, 6.58,
= 0.00769). The MR Egger intercept test did not detect horizontal pleiotropy for PM2.5 (P-pleiotropy = 0.879) and DHEAS(P-pleiotropy = 0.941). According to the results of the mediation analysis, DHEAS accounted for 18.3% of the association between PM2.5 and AD.
Our findings affirm a significant causal association between PM2.5 exposure and AD, with DHEAS playing a mediating role in this relationship.
Accurate analysis of microRNA (miRNA) is promising for elucidation of cancer processes and therapeutic effects. In this study, we reported a new target-activated, light-actuated three-dimensional ...(3D) DNA walker on gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of miRNA using pyrene-incorporated DNAzyme analogues. In this design, the target miRNA activated the 3D DNA walker system to releases the walking arm. Then, under ultraviolet light irradiation, the pyrene DNAzyme on the walking arm would consecutively cleave the disulfide bonds of substrate strands and recover the fluorescence signal, thus achieving the amplified miRNA detection. The sophisticated design of the light-actuated 3D DNA walker was systematically investigated. Furthermore, this strategy could also be employed for miRNA analysis in serum samples with satisfactory reproducibility. Notably, the proposed light-actuated 3D DNA walker-based technique eliminated the need of enzymes, cofactors, and RNA backbones, thereby significantly improving the stability and efficiency. Overall, the light-actuated 3D DNA walker-based strategy enabled facile, sensitive, and specific detection of miRNA and provided new perspectives in diagnostics.
The relationship between changes in Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals remains unclear. This study aims to explore the ...association between changes in AIP and CMD.
This study included 3,791 individuals aged over 45 years from CHARLS. Participants were divided into four groups using the K-Means clustering method. Cumulative AIP was used as a quantitative indicator reflecting changes in AIP. Differences in baseline data and CMD incidence rates among these four groups were compared. Multifactorial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between changes in AIP and CMD, and subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to evaluate potential relationships between changes in AIP and CMD across different subgroups. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the dose-response relationship between cumulative AIP and CMD.
Changes in AIP were independently and positively associated with CMD. In males, the risk significantly increased in class4 compared to class1 (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.12-2.73). In females, changes in AIP were not significantly associated with CMD. Cumulative AIP was positively correlated with CMD (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.01-1.30), with significant gender differences in males (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.07-1.55) and females (OR 1.03, 95%CI 0.87-1.23) (p for interaction = 0.042). In addition, a linear relationship was observed between cumulative AIP and CMD in male.
Substantial changes in AIP may increase the risk of CMD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese males. Dynamic monitoring of AIP is of significant importance for the prevention and treatment of CMD.
Land use change is affected by many driving factors such as the economy, population, and government policy. This study investigated the relationship between government policy and land use change to ...develop an understanding applicable to the formulation of strategies for sustainable land use. The Lijiang River Basin in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China was selected for this study. The predicted characteristics of land use change were explored using the CLUE-S numerical model and logistic regression. Using Landsat remote sensing imagery as source data, we simulated the tendency of land use change from 1993 to 2020 under two scenarios: a Natural Growth Scenario (NS) and a Government Intervention Scenario (GS), and we analyzed the possible social driving factors. The results revealed that from 1993 to 2015, both construction and cultivated land have shown a tendency of areal increase. Water and woodland areas both decreased from 1993 to 2006 but then they increased dramatically from 2006 to 2015. Shrubland areas increased from 1993 to 2006 but decreased slightly from 2006 to 2015. The CLUE-S model was used to predict the spatial patterns of land use for 2020. It showed that under the NS, the areas of construction and cultivated land increased, while the areas of other land uses decreased. Under the GS, the areas of construction land, woodland, cultivated land, and water all increased, while the areas of the others declined. Furthermore, the area of woodland decreased for every county under the NS, but areas of woodland expansion were located in Lingchuan and Lingui counties under the GS. Hotspots of cultivated land occurred in Lingchuan County under the NS and in Xingan County under the GS. Water area decreased in every county under the NS, whereas increases in water areas occurred in Lingchuan and Guilin counties under the GS. Construction land expanded in Lingchuan County under the NS and in Guilin County under the GS. The Returning Farmland to Forest Program could be considered a successful addition to the eco-environmental policies implemented in the Lijiang River Basin.
•Discover the spatiotemporal distribution of recent land use change in the Lijiang River Basin in China.•Predict the spatial patterns of land use for 2020 under two scenarios using the CLUE-S model and logistic regression.•Investigate the influence of Returning Farmland to Forest Program on the tendency of land use change.
Phonons with chirality determine the optical helicity of inelastic light scattering processes due to their nonzero angular momentum. Here it is shown that 2D magnetic CrBr3 hosts chiral phonons at ...the Brillouin‐zone center. These chiral phonons are linear combinations of the doubly‐degenerate Eg phonons, and the phonon eigenmodes exhibit clockwise and counterclockwise rotational vibrations corresponding to angular momenta of l = ± 1. Such Eg chiral phonons completely switch the polarization of incident circularly polarized light. On the other hand, the non‐degenerate non‐chiral Ag phonons display a giant magneto‐optical effect under an external out‐of‐plane magnetic field, rotating the plane of polarization of the scattered linearly polarized light. The corresponding degree of polarization of the scattered light changes from 91% to −68% as the magnetic field strength increases from 0 to 5 T. In contrast, the chiral Eg modes display no field dependence. The results lay a foundation for the study of phonon chirality and magneto‐optical phenomena in 2D magnetic materials, as well as their related applications, such as the phonon Hall effect, topological photonics, and Raman lasing.
Phonon chirality and magneto‐optical phenomena in CrBr3 2D magnet are reported. The superposition of doubly degenerate Eg modes results in chiral phonons with PAM of l = ±1, exhibiting isotropic linearly polarized Raman scattering. The non‐degenerate Ag modes display a giant magneto‐optical effect under an external out‐of‐plane magnetic field, rotating the plane of polarization of the scattered linearly polarized light.
Abstract
All-inorganic metal halides perovskites (CsPbX
3
, X = Br or Cl) show strong excitonic and spin-orbital coupling effects, underpinning spin-selective excitonic transitions and therefore ...exhibiting great promise for spintronics and quantum-optics applications. Here we report spin-dependent optical nonlinearities in CsPbX
3
single crystals by using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. Many-body interactions between spin-polarized excitons act like a pseudo-magnetic field and thus lift the degeneracy of spin states resulting in a photoinduced circular dichroism. Such spontaneous spin splitting between “spin-up” and “spin-down” excitons can be several tens of milli-electron volts under intense excitations. The exciton spin relaxation time is ~20 picoseconds at very low pump fluence, the longest reported in the metal halides perovskites family at room temperature. The dominant spin-flip mechanism is attributed to the electron-hole exchange interactions. Our results provide essential understandings towards realizing practical spintronics applications of perovskite semiconductors.
Precise isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples offer considerable potential for cancer research and personalized treatment. Currently, available CTC isolation ...approaches remain challenging in the quest for simple strategies to achieve cell isolation with both high separation efficiency and high purity, which limits the use of captured CTCs for downstream analyses. Here, we present a filter deterministic lateral displacement concept to achieve one-step and label-free CTC isolation with high throughput. Unlike conventional deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices, the proposed method uses a hydrodynamic cell sorting design by incorporating a filtration concept into a DLD structure, and enables high-throughput and clog-free isolation by a cascaded microfluidic design. The cascaded filter-DLD (CFD) design demonstrated enhanced performance for size-based cell separation, and achieved high separation efficiency (>96%), high cell purity (WBC removal rate 99.995%), high cell viability (>98%) and high processing rate (1 mL min
−1
). Samples from lung cancer patients were analyzed using the CFD-Chip, CTCs and tumor cell-leukocyte fusion cells were efficiently collected, and changes in CTC levels were used for treatment response monitoring. The CFD-Chip platform isolated CTCs with good viability, enabling direct downstream analysis with single-cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptome analysis of enriched CTCs identified new subtypes of CTCs such as tumor cell-leukocyte fusion cells, providing insights into cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
We present a cascaded filter deterministic lateral displacement design to achieve one-step and label-free CTC isolation with enhanced performance, and combine CTC enrichment and single-cell RNA sequencing for molecular analysis.
As an interesting hydrogen carrier, formic acid is bio-renewable, non-toxic and available in the liquid state at room temperature. The development of active and low-cost catalyst is of significance ...for hydrogen generation from formic acid. In this study, both a relatively cheap metal (Ag) and a functional support (nitrogen modified reduced graphene oxide, N-rGO) were applied to prepare Pd catalyst. It was found that the Ag atoms facilitated the formation of Pd-rich surface in the preparation strategy, in which the reductive N-rGO and a two-step feeding process of metal precursors played important roles. In addition, Ag additive was found to benefit catalyst stability. Most interestingly, the obtained low Pd-loading Pd1Ag6/N-rGO catalyst showed a specific Pd loading turnover frequency of 171 mol Pd−1 h−1 and a specific metal cost turnover frequency of 64.2 $−1 h−1, which were predominant among currently available Pd-based catalysts towards formic acid decomposition without any additive under room temperature.
•A preparation strategy for low Pd-loading PdAg catalyst was developed.•Ag additive was found to benefit both Pd utilization and catalyst stability.•The catalyst showed a TOF of 171 mol Pd−1 h−1 towards formic acid decomposition.
Nanotechnology is one of the most recent approaches employed to defend plants against both biotic and abiotic stress including heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd). In this study, we evaluated the ...effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in alleviating Cd stress in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. Compared with Cd treatment, TiO2 NPs decreased leaf Cd concentration, restored Cd exposure-related reduction in the biomass to about 69% of control and decreased activities of antioxidative enzymes. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed 325 differentially expressed genes associated with TiO2 NP treatment, most of which were enriched in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Among them, the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways were significantly regulated to improve the growth of T. hemsleyanum when treated with Cd. In the KEGG Markup Language (KGML) network analysis, we found some commonly regulated pathways between Cd and Cd+TiO2 NP treatment, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, indicating their potential core network positions in controlling T. hemsleyanum response to Cd stress. Overall, our findings revealed a complex response system for tolerating Cd, encompassing the transportation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, regulation of gene expression, and metabolite accumulation in T. hemsleyanum. Our results indicate that TiO2 NP can be used to reduce Cd toxicity in T. hemsleyanum.
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•Application of 5 mg/L TiO2 nanopaticles could alleviate Cd toxicity in T. hemsleyanum under 10 μM Cd2+ treatment.•T. hemsleyanum have distinct genetic and metabolic mechanisms to reduce Cd toxicity.•The biosynthesis of flavonoid and phenylpropanoid were allocated to improve the growth of T. hemsleyanum under Cd treatment.
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