Root resorption is the loss of dental hard tissue because of odontoclastic action. In permanent teeth, it is undesirable and pathological in nature. Root resorption may occur on the inner aspect of ...the root canal (internal root resorption) or on the outer aspect of the root (external root resorption). Regardless of its location, root resorption is irreversible, and may result in discomfort for the patient, requires management and/or, in some cases, results in the premature loss of the affected tooth. Root resorption is often challenging to accurately diagnose and manage. The aim of this narrative review is to present the relevant literature on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management, as well as discuss the future directions of diagnosis and management of root resorption.
Flavonoids are stored in various plants and widely presented in different kinds of food in variable amounts. Plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits are known to have high amounts of ...flavonoids. However, flavonoid aglycones are found less frequently in natural products, as it requires bioconversion through bacteria, which provide β-glucosidase to convert them. Recently, flavonoids and its metabolites were applied in the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as cancers, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and osteoporosis in numerous studies. This review focused on absorption, activity, metabolism, and bioavailability of flavonoids. Also authors organized and collected newly-found reports of flavonoids and their absorption barriers of flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract, providing the latest findings and evidence from the past decade. Particularly, nanoparticles delivery systems are emphasized regarding fabrication methods and their potential benefits on flavonoids. Moreover, the potential challenges of nanoparticles as delivery system for flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract are also discussed.
The annual risk among patients with diabetes of reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is largely unknown worldwide. This study aimed to compare the incidence of diabetes-related ESRD by creating a ...global atlas during 2000-2015.
The annual incidence of ESRD among patients with diabetes was calculated as the quotient of the number of incident ESRD patients with diabetes divided by the total number of patients with diabetes after subtraction of the number with existing ESRD. The estimated ESRD prevalence and annual incidence were validated with use of the data provided by Fresenius Medical Care, Germany, and previously reported data, respectively.
Data were obtained from 142 countries, covering 97.3% of the world population. The global percentage of the prevalent ESRD patients with diabetes increased from 19.0% in 2000 to 29.7% in 2015 worldwide, while the percentage of incident ESRD patients due to diabetes increased from 22.1% to 31.3%. The global annual incidence of ESRD among patients with diabetes increased from 375.8 to 1,016.0/million with diabetes during 2000-2015. The highest average rates were observed in the Western Pacific Region. Comparatively, the rates of incident ESRD among European patients with diabetes ranged from one-half (309.2 vs. 544.6) to one-third (419.4 vs. 1,245.2) of the rates of the Western Pacific population during 2000-2015.
Great and nonrandom geographic variation in the annual rates among patients with diabetes of reaching ESRD suggests that distinct health care, environmental, and/or genetic factors contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Measures to prevent and treat diabetes-related ESRD require better patient susceptibility stratification.
The dominant aroma compounds in the breast skin and breast muscle of Beijing roasted duck were investigated by gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), odor-activity values, and ...aroma recombination. The results demonstrated that a total of 42 aroma compounds were identified in Beijing roasted duck, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, phenols, sulfur-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Among the 42 aroma compounds, 18 were identified as important odorants with odor-activity values (OAVs) greater than 1. Aroma-recombination–omission experiments and sensory evaluation demonstrated that nine aroma compounds significantly contributed to the characteristic aroma of Beijing roasted duck. These nine key aroma compounds were 2-furfurylthiol, dimethyl trisulfide, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, methional, 1-octen-3-ol, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal. Among these, 2-furfurylthiol (3620 ≤ OAV ≤ 31 606) and dimethyl trisulfide (2515 ≤ OAV ≤ 23 470) significantly contributed to the aroma of roasted duck (p < 0.01). Sensory evaluation of the recombination model with the nine aroma compounds scored 4.5 out of 5 points. The major aroma profile of Beijing roasted duck included strong fatty, roasty, and meaty aromas. The key aroma compounds of Beijing roasted duck were concluded to be 2-furfurylthiol, dimethyl trisulfide, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, methional, 1-octen-3-ol, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal.
Transition metal sulfides gain much attention as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their rich redox chemistry and high electrical conductivity. Designing hierarchical nanostructures is ...an efficient approach to fully utilize merits of each component. In this work, amorphous MoS2 is firstly demonstrated to show specific capacitance 1.6 times as that of the crystalline counterpart. Then, crystalline core@amorphous shell (Ni3S4@MoS2) is prepared by a facile one‐pot process. The diameter of the core and the thickness of the shell can be independently tuned. Taking advantages of flexible protection of amorphous shell and high capacitance of the conductive core, Ni3S4@amorphous MoS2 nanospheres are tested as supercapacitor electrodes, which exhibit high specific capacitance of 1440.9 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and a good capacitance retention of 90.7% after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1. This design of crystalline core@amorphous shell architecture may open up new strategies for synthesizing promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.
The nanoarchitecture of crystalline core/amorphous shell particles is proposed for enhanced capacitance and cyclability for supercapacitor electrodes. Driven by the concept, uniform transition metal sulfides core/amorphous shell nanospheres with tunable sizes are produced by a facile one‐pot solution‐based method. The resulting hybrids show great potential for supercapacitor applications.
Recent growth in research on feedback has focussed on the importance of developing student feedback literacy. That is, the capabilities students need to make good use of feedback processes. To date ...there have been few investigations of how ideas about student feedback literacy can be translated into course design. This paper therefore examines student feedback capabilities in the context of an undergraduate course intervention based on an empirically based feedback literacy framework. 237 student journals written in response to self and peer feedback information were coded for student feedback literacy features and the effectiveness of pedagogical approaches for building the needed capabilities. Findings highlight the presence, extent and trajectories of feedback capabilities over time within the course. Based on these, pedagogical approaches which incorporate feedback affordances are identified.
Teachers' feedback literacy is a focus of increasing attention in higher education. It may be framed through intentional design decisions, inter-relational aspects of engagement and pragmatic ...considerations of enacted curricula. Thus, teachers' feedback literacy is connected to both the enacted curriculum and students' relationship to feedback. How these connections take shape in particular approaches to the curriculum, affecting students' roles in feedback and evaluation is not as well-understood. This paper presents findings from an intervention aimed at developing students' peer feedback and self-evaluation skills in an undergraduate business course. Peer feedback and self-evaluation are increasingly common modes of engaging students as active participants in feedback and evaluation processes. It is therefore worthwhile to understand the ways in which these processes affect and link teacher and student feedback literacy. Data was analysed from a 14-week course aimed at developing students' competencies in self-evaluation, peer feedback and teamwork. Results are presented and discussed according to three major areas: how teacher's feedback on student engagement with feedback served as affective 'meta' scaffolding, the trajectory of students' growth in feedback literate self-evaluation, and the relationship of feedback literacy to trajectory of growth in teamwork competencies. The paper concludes with suggestions for further, crossdisciplinarity research.
ESE position statement on root resorption Patel, Shanon; Krastl, Gabriel; Weiger, Roland ...
International endodontic journal,
July 2023, 2023-Jul, 2023-07-00, 20230701, Volume:
56, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This Position Statement on root resorption represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). The statement is based on current clinical and ...scientific evidence as well as the expertise of the committee. The aim is to provide clinicians with authoritative information on the aetiology, histopathology, clinical presentation and recommendations for the management of root resorption. It is the intention of the committee to update this position statement at appropriate intervals as further evidence emerges.
Over the past two decades, extensive studies have revealed that inflammation represents a major risk factor for various human diseases. Chronic inflammatory responses predispose to pathological ...progression of chronic illnesses featured with penetration of inflammatory cells, dysregulation of cellular signaling, excessive generation of cytokines, and loss of barrier function. Hence, the suppression of inflammation has the potential to delay, prevent, and to treat chronic diseases. Flavonoids, which are widely distributed in humans daily diet, such as vegetables, fruits, tea and cocoa, among others, are considered as bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. Modification of flavonoids including hydroxylation, o-methylation, and glycosylation, can alter their metabolic features and affect mechanisms of inflammation. Structure-activity relationships among naturally occurred flavonoids hence provide us with a preliminary insight into their anti-inflammatory potential, not only attributing to the antioxidant capacity, but also to modulate inflammatory mediators. The present review summarizes current knowledge and underlies mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activities of dietary flavonoids and their influences involved in the development of various inflammatory-related chronic diseases. In addition, the established structure-activity relationships of phenolic compounds in this review may give an insight for the screening of new anti-inflammatory agents from dietary materials.
Lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are hybrid energy storage devices that have the potential to bridge the gap between conventional high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries and high‐power capacitors by combining ...their complementary features. The challenge for LICs has been to improve the energy storage at high charge−discharge rates by circumventing the discrepancy in kinetics between the intercalation anode and capacitive cathode. In this article, the rational design of new nanostructured LIC electrodes that both exhibit a dominating capacitive mechanism (both double layer and pseudocapacitive) with a diminished intercalation process, is reported. Specifically, the electrodes are a 3D interconnected TiC nanoparticle chain anode, synthesized by carbothermal conversion of graphene/TiO2 hybrid aerogels, and a pyridine‐derived hierarchical porous nitrogen‐doped carbon (PHPNC) cathode. Electrochemical properties of both electrodes are thoroughly characterized which demonstrate their outstanding high‐rate capabilities. The fully assembled PHPNC//TiC LIC device delivers an energy density of 101.5 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 67.5 kW kg−1 (achieved at 23.4 Wh kg−1), and a reasonably good cycle stability (≈82% retention after 5000 cycles) within the voltage range of 0.0−4.5 V.
A hybrid Li‐ion capacitor is developed using a pyridine‐derived porous nitrogen‐doped carbon cathode, 3D interconnected titanium carbide nanoparticle chains as the anode, and LiPF6 as electrolyte. The demonstrated high energy and power densities of such a hybrid device can bridge the gap between Li‐ion batteries and EDLCs.
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