•It is a continuation work of Cissus quadrangularis fiber charecterization.•Novel natural Cissus quadrangularis stem fiber was characterized in this work.•Anatomical study, chemical, thermal and ...mechanical analysis were done.•Characterized fiber has the potentiality to replace the harmful artificial fiber.•Available in plenty and has the potential for textile and green composite.
Polymer composite has contributed tremendously for energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries. Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite needs a retrofit. Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. Anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis were done to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270°C, which is within the polymerization process temperature.
Grewia damine is a flowering plant found in India and Sri Lanka. The fiber taken out from the stem bark of G. damine is found to be novel and selected for characterization study. The G. damine stem ...bark fiber (GDSF) has rich in cellulose contents (57.78 ± 3.56%). Its lower density (1.378 ± 0.036 g/cm3) makes it fit for use in lightweight applications. The weight percentage values of the chemical constituents confirm the use of GDSF for structural applications. Crystallinity index of GDSF was noted as 30.35%. The mechanical properties of GDSF were predicted as 375.6 ± 16.58 MPa tensile strength and 126.2 ± 11.93 GPa modulus of elasticity. The morphological and atomic force microscopy study results revealed that the fiber has rough surface even in its raw form. Hence it can be used to prepare composite specimens with better bonding strength between fiber and polymer. The thermal stability of GDSF was noted as 326 °C. Weibull distribution plots were drawn for validating the physical and tensile property values of GDSF.
Physical, chemical, thermal and crystalline properties of new natural fiber extracted from the root of Ficus Religiosa tree(FRRF) are reported in this study. The chemical analysis and X-ray ...diffraction (XRD) analysis results ensured the presence of higher quantity of cellulose content (55.58 wt%) in the FRRF. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis is transported away to support the chemical groups present in the considered fibre. Thermal stability (325 °C), maximum degradation temperature (400 °C) and kinetic activation energy (68.02 kJ/mol.) of the FRRF areestablished by the thermo gravimetric analysis. The diameter (25.62 μm) and density (1246 kg/m3) of the FRRF have been found by the physical analysis. Scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) and Atomic force microscope analysis (AFM) outcomes revealed that FRRF has the relatively smoothest surface. Altogether the above outcomes proved that novel FRRF is the desirable reinforcement to fabricate the fiber reinforced composite materials.
Fiber reinforced polymer composites are replacing many metallic structures due to its high specific strength and modulus. However commonly used man-made E-glass fibers are hazardous for health and ...carcinogenic by nature. Comprehensive characterization of Cissus quadrangularis root fiber such as anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis are done. The results are very encouraging for its application in fiber industries, composite manufacturing, etc. Due to its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (77.17%) with very little wax (0.14%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties. The flaky honeycomb outer surface and low microfibril angle revealed through electron microscopy contributes for its high modulus. The thermo gravimetric analysis indicates better thermal stability of the fiber up to 230°C, which is well within the polymerization process temperature.
The foremost intention of this work is to test the suitability of the Ficus religiosa Root Fiber (FRRF) as the better reinforcement for the natural fiber-reinforced composite structures. In the ...current work, the attempts have been made with the view of improving the physical, thermal, chemical, surface, and crystalline properties of FRRF employing 5 wt% of NaOH solution. Five samples of FRRF have been prepared by soaking the raw fiber in the alkali solution under different soaking times. The thermogravimetric analysis results reveal that the alkali-treated FRRF soaked for 60 min holds a maximum range of thermal stability (improved by 9.54%); in turn, the remaining analyses have been carried out with that fiber samples. The increased quantity of cellulose contents was witnessed over the surface of treated FRRF. The improvement in the CI from 42.92–48.64% was noted as the result of X-Ray Diffraction test. The morphology study results ensured that the surface of the treated FRRF became so rough comparably, which confirms the removal of unwanted wax and impurities on the fiber surface. All the above observations validated that the proposed fiber is suitable to prepare the composite structures after the optimal alkali treatment.
This research work focuses on the wear characteristics of hybrid composites prepared using Sisal fiber (SF) /Pineapple fiber (PF) and Pineapple fly ash (PA) in various wt.%. Linear reciprocating ...tribometer was used for determining the Specific Wear Rate (SWR) and Coefficient of Friction (CoF) of the hybrid composites. The XRF results of PA filler showed the existence of silica (64.43%) and aluminum oxide (10.03%) in a major percentage. The hybrid fiber combination of 30-50 wt.% showed improvement in Tensile Strength (TS), Flexural Strength (FS) and Impact Strength (IS) with the filler mixing up to 5 wt.%. The Taguchi optimization (SN graph) observed the combination with PA addition of 5 wt.%, hybrid fiber addition of 30 wt.%, sliding distance and load of 1500 m, 10 N having lower SWR. Similarly for lower CoF, fly ash of 1 wt.%, fiber of 30 wt.%, sliding distance and load of 500 m and 5 N, respectively, with high SN ratio is the best combination. SEM results showed a decrease in filler content, higher load conditions, higher reinforcement causing more surface deformations in the composites.
The interest in developing bio-based composite materials had grown up with the context of maintaining ecological integrity by introducing new eco-friendly materials. The present study investigated ...the suitability of a novel Furcraea selloa K. Koch leaf fiber (FSLF) for composite reinforcement instead of existing synthetic harmful fiber materials. The identification for exploration of novel natural fibers with significant properties is a great challenge for researchers, due to their accessibility in polymer composites eco-friendliness and sustainability. Indeed, physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological features were established through this study, low density (810 kg/m
3
), high crystallinity (56.7%), high thermal stability (350°C), good tensile strength (650 ± 23 MPa) were the notable features of FSLF that facilitate its further use for composite reinforcement. Moreover, good surface roughness with fewer impurities and low microfibril angle also prove its sustainability in composite reinforcement. This study suggests that the potential properties of FSLF would be a suitable alternative to commercially important synthetic fiber, in the highest seeking-fibers as reinforcement.
A novel epoxy-based composites were fabricated by reinforcing pineapple/flax (PF) fibers and peanut oil cake (PCF) filler using the hand layup cum compression moulding technique and investigated its ...mechanical, water absorption and wear properties as a function of wt.% of PF fibers (20–40 wt.%) and PCF (1–3 wt.%). The XRD and FTIR results proved the presence of lignocellulosic nature in PCF. Mechanical test results showed significant enhancement in the properties after the addition of PCF. The maximum tensile, flexural and impact properties of 37. 89 MPa, 70.28 MPa and 96.99 J/m were observed in the composites having 20 wt.% of PF and 2 wt.% of PCF. Taguchi based optimization observed a lower specific wear rate (SWR) with 2 wt.% PCF/20 wt.% PF/5 N load and 1500 m sliding distance (SD) combination. The ANOVA results proved the significance of PCF, PF fiber, sliding distance, and load for SWR in this experimentation. The Taguchi optimized results observed a lower coefficient of friction (COF) in 2 wt.% PCF/20 wt.% PF/5N load/500 m SD combination. SEM results displayed surface deformations in the wear-tested composites.
This investigation is aimed to analyze the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the physical, chemical, structural, thermal and surface topography of Phaseolus vulgaris fibers (PVFs). The ...surface of raw PVFs was modified by soaking with 5% NaOH solution for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The various functional groups of the alkali-treated PVFs (APVFs) were studied Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The outcomes of thermogravimetric analysis evident that the optimum treatment time for 5% NaOH was 45 min. It was noticed that optimally treated PVFs have higher cellulose (69.48 wt.%), crystallinity index (52.27%) and lower hemicellulose (4.30 wt.%), lignin (7.02 wt.%) contents. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of PVFs also revealing moderate thermal stability was observed; atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation inveterates that the surface of the fiber is rough and it will be a potential reinforcement for polymer composites.
Every year, the food industry generates a large amount of waste, which prompts researchers to come up with a solution to efficiently manage the issue to support zero-waste concepts. After oil ...extraction, many oilseed cakes remain in the oil-processing industry as a waste. Converting this oilseed cake into value-added products would reduce environmental pollution and production costs. Oilseed cakes are high in fiber and contain a lot of non-starch polysaccharides.
Azadirachta indica
A.
Juss
neem oil cake (NOC) is a low-cost agricultural waste material produced during the oil extraction process of neem seeds. It is a dark brown powder that contains cellulose as well as other components such as hemicelluloses, proteins, and lipids. In this investigation, cellulose was extracted from the NOC, and comprehensive characterization was carried out. The polymer composite industry is in search of biofillers to incorporate with various matrices. As neem cake cellulose (NCC) is an entirely biodegradable material, it was considered for this study. To ensure its suitability in polymer composite industries, physicochemical, morphological, thermal, and spectroscopy analyses were carried out on NCC. Higher cellulose content (73.53%), better crystallinity (66.23%), lower density (1.59 g/cm
3
), considerable thermal stability (335.71 °C), kinetic activation energy (83.06 kJ/mol), particle size (17.93 µm), and good surface roughness (47.004 nm) make NCC suitable to be incorporated as a biofiller material in polymer matrices to manufacture eco-friendly composites.
