The classical co-precipitation technique was carried out for the preparation of cobalt ferrite (CFN), and Ag-doped cobalt ferrite (AgCFN). Composite with graphitic carbon nitride (AgCFN@gCN) was ...prepared by employing the ultrasonication method. Photocatalytic degradation activity of synthesized materials was evaluated using crystal violet (coloured compound) and benzimidazole (colourless compound) under sunlight. Various physiochemical methods such as UV–Visible, XRD, SEM, and FT-IR spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of prepared samples. XRD was used for structural characterization. The prepared nanomaterials were sized up to be < 09 nm. FT-IR spectroscopy was exploited for the functional group characterization. Surface morphology was perceived through Scanning Electron Microscope. Optical analysis was carried out using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The photodegradation efficiencies for crystal violet and benzimidazole were ascertained to be in the order of CFN < AgCFN < AgCFN@gCN, under sunlight. Among the synthesized photocatalysts, AgCFN@gCN was discovered to have the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 52.72% and 84.21% for benzimidazole and crystal violet, respectively. The higher catalytic activity of AgCFN@gCN can be associated with its high surface area and the presence of active sites of the gCN sheets. Role of electrons (
e
−
), holes (
h
+
), and hydroxyl radicals
(
O
H
∗
)
in the photocatalytic activity was also assessed.
Graphical abstract
In this work, we have obtained some exact solutions to (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized KP Equation. The improved tanϕ(ξ)2-expansion method has been introduced to construct the exact solutions of ...nonlinear evolution equations. The obtained solutions include hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions, exponential solutions, and rational solutions. Our study has added some new varieties of solutions to already available solutions. It is also worth mentioning that the computational work has been reduced significantly.
•The co-precipitation method and hydrothermal method were used for the synthesis of CuO and MoS2 respectively.•The sonication method was used for the synthesis of ternary composite CuO/MoS2 with ...gCN.•CuO/MoS2@gCN showed bandgap energy of 1.52 eV.•CuO/MoS2@gCN degraded 85.14 % of MO dye and 63.50 % of phenol.•Scavenging experiment was performed to investigate the active species in degradation reaction.
Water from the industries contains various organic effluents which are needed to be removed. Photocatalysis is an efficient method to degrade organic effluents that contaminate water and harmfully affect the environment. This study presents the structural, optical characteristics, and photocatalytic activity of the CuO/MoS2 and their composite with gCN. The hydrothermal approach was employed to fabricate MoS2 nanoflowers, and the co-precipitation method to fabricate CuO. The composite with gCN was prepared successfully using an ultrasonication approach. The physio-chemical properties of fabricated photocatalysts were investigated by various characterization techniques. SEM analysis revealed the nanoflower morphology of the prepared MoS2 sample. The photocatalytic activity was examined by the photodegradation of methyl orange dye and phenol. CuO/MoS2@gCN photocatalyst showed 85.14 % degradation of methyl orange and 63.50 % degradation of phenol. Also, the rate constant of CuO/MoS2@gCN was found to be 0.051 min−1 for MO dye and 0.02 min−1 for phenol, which is higher than other synthesized samples. The scavenging experiment was carried out to identify the most photoactive species involved in the organic pollutants photocatalytic degradation. Electrons served as the primary photoactive species in photocatalysis. Consequently, it is concluded from the results that CuO/MoS2@gCN could be employed as an efficient photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.
The modification of the expansion method, namely, the New Modified Simple Equation Method is presented and subsequently implemented on nonlinear partial differential equations. The implementation of ...the new modification is demonstrated by solving Landau-Ginburg-Higgs equation and Cahn-Allen equation, as a result many new and more general multiple wave solution consisting of Hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions and rational function solutions are obtained. Also double solitary wave solutions are found by substituting the different values for some parameters. The method appears to be straightforward and powerful by means of symbolic computational system.
Ni-Al-Cd oxide nanostructures were fabricated by facile co-precipitation method and was embedded on CNTs by the ultrasonication method. The properties and structural features of prepared materials ...were analyzed by various techniques such as X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized nanomaterials were employed for degradation of methylene blue under sunlight and for antibacterial study. The photocatalytic results indicate that the ternary oxide of Ni-Al-Cd has a greater potential for degradation of methylene blue and other harmful compounds owing to possible heterojunction development. The photocatalytic degradation of ternary Ni-Al-Cd oxides/CNTs was 67.16% within 2 h. Moreover, photocatalytic activity was increased by carbon nanotubes. The results revealed that ternary oxides and their nanocomposite with CNTs have an excellent ability for photocatalytic degradation and showed better antibacterial activity than ternary oxides.
In this paper, we investigated the non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS) to extract optical soliton solutions by implementing the extended Sinh–Gordon equation expansion method (ShGEEM). Optical ...soliton solutions included bright, dark, combined bright-dark, singular soliton combined singular soliton solutions, and singular periodic wave solutions. Our new results have been compared to these in the literature. Also, graphical analysis was presented with 3D and contour graphs to understand the physics of obtained solutions.
On exact solutions of modified KdV-ZK equation Mohyud-Din, Syed Tauseef; Irshad, Amna
Alexandria Engineering Journal /Alexandria Engineering Journal,
December 2016, 2016-12-00, 2016-12-01, Volume:
55, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In this work, we established some exact particular solutions with parameters for Modified KdV-ZK Equation. The improved tanϕ(ξ)2-expansion method is introduced to construct exact particular solutions ...of nonlinear evolution equations. The exact particular solutions contain four types: hyperbolic function solution, trigonometric function solution, exponential solution, and rational solution. The method appears to be effective mathematical tool for solving nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) in applied mathematics and engineering.
Sol–gel approach was employed for synthesis of nickel aluminate (NiAl2O4, NA), and silver doped nickel aluminate (Ag-NiAl2O4, AgNA) nanomaterials. The ultra-sonication approach was employed to ...synthesize their composite with graphitic carbon nitride (Ag-NiAl2O4@g-C3N4, AgNA@gCN) for degradation of organic effluents such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and benzoic acid (BA) photocatalytically. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by various techniques like X-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the formation of doped and un-doped NiAl2O4. The crystallite size of as-prepared nanomaterials was found out less than 13 nm. FT-IR technique was used for functional groups detection present in synthesized photocatalysts. The surface morphology of fabricated nanomaterials was investigated via SEM. The thermal stability of prepared samples was investigated via TGA. Optical analysis was carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. NA and AgNA exhibited the bandgap energy of 3.50 eV, and 2.88 eV respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency of fabricated samples was analyzed under solar light. AgNA@gCN exhibited 85.26% degradation of MB, 83.87% of CV, and 68.46% of BA under sunlight. The overall removal (%adsorption + % degradation) of MB, CV, and BA by AgNA@gCN were 99.67%, 98.54%, and 76.91% respectively. The scavenging experiment was also performed to find out the most photoactive species involve in the degradation of organic effluent photocatalytically. Hydroxyl radicals are the mainly photoactive species responsible for the photocatalytic experiment.
Simple facile route was adopted to prepare Ag-NiAl2O4@g-C3N4; a new photocatalyst, that was utilized for photodegradation of various organic effluents under solar light irradiation. Display omitted
•Simple facile route was adopted to prepare Ag.NiAl2O4@g-C3N4, a new photocatalyst.•Photodegradation of various organic effluents by Ag-NiAl2O4@g-C3N4 was studied.•Mechanistic investigation of degradation has also been discussed.
Nickel ferrites (NF), silver doped nickel ferrites (AgNF), and a composite of silver doped nickel ferrites with reduced graphene oxide (AgNF@rGO) were prepared through the co-precipitation method. ...The X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to confirm the structure of prepared materials, and the crystallite size of prepared ferrites was less than 10 nm. FT-IR spectroscopy was performed for the confirmation of functional groups present in the synthesized materials. The surface morphology of prepared samples was investigated via scanning electron microscopy. Optical analysis was carried out with the help of UV–Visible spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to check the thermal stability. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under solar light irradiation was studied. The AgNF@rGO composite showed 76% degradation of coloured compound (methylene blue) and 50% degradation of colourless compound (benzimidazole). The enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficacy of AgNF@rGO was ascribed to the reduced graphene oxide sheets, which provided a large surface area and the ability to trap electrons from the conduction band. As a result, the decreased recombination rate of electrons and holes enhanced the degradation ability of the composite based photocatalyst. A scavenging experiment was also performed to determine the most photoactive species taking part in the degradation process. In comparison among all prepared samples, AgNF@rGO showed the maximum photocatalytic activity. It was because of the large surface area of the AgNF@rGO. It was investigated that AgNF@rGO is the most effective catalyst for the degradation of coloured and colourless organic pollutants.
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