The authors of our journal repeatedly expressed concern about the large number of accidents (electrical breakdowns) occurring at electrical, diagnostic, and cryogenic inputs into forcibly cooled ...superconducting magnets of fusion installations. However, the need for efficient measures for improving the reliability of the electrical insulation of these inputs, at least until last year, was ignored. In 2021, during the launch tests of Japanese-European tokamak JT-60SA, another accident occurred with an electrical breakdown at the electrical and diagnostic input into the tokamak, which, according to the project managers, would delay the launch of the tokamak by about 15 months.
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as mental trauma. The concept of baseline beliefs helps to explain the extent to which mental trauma affects individuals.
Objectives
The study aimed to ...investigate baseline beliefs in humanities students in Russian universities and analyse the relationship between baseline beliefs and emotional reactions.
Methods
Data collection was carried out between May and July 2020 using a Google form that we developed. A total of 92 humanities students participated in the study. The WAS-37 was used to examine baseline beliefs, and the DASS-21 was used to determine depression, anxiety, and stress levels.
Results
We found that the mean values of the scales “Benevolence in the World” (M = 34.8±6.5), “Self-image” (M = 27.2±4.4), “Luck” (M = 32.7±5.7) and “Controlling beliefs” (M = 27.9±4.0) were above the normative mean values for the Russian population and only the values of the scale “Justice” (M = 20.8±3.8) were below these. All components of baseline beliefs had negative associations with depression, anxiety, and stress; only “Benevolence in the World” was associated exclusively with anxiety (r
s
= -0.223, p < 0.05), and “Justice” with depression (r
s
= -0.223, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
In a pandemic, the world around them is perceived by humanities students as less fair. Trust in the world, beliefs about the fairness of the world and a positive self-image are correlated with a more favourable emotional state. By this, we support the view that individuals’ implicit beliefs (baseline beliefs) are related to the severity of the traumatic event.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic provoked emotional reactions in Russian student populations. Hardiness is seen as a personality predisposition that increases individuals’ resilience to stress.
...Objectives
The study aimed to determine the severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and various components of hardiness in Russian students. In addition, the correlations between emotional reactions and hardiness components were also analysed.
Methods
Data collection was carried out between 29 May and 06 July 2020. A total of 129 medical and non-medical students participated in the study. The DASS-21 was used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress levels, while the Personal Views Survey-III examined hardiness. Both questionnaires were adapted for use in Russia.
Results
We found that medical students were less likely to be depressed than non-medical students (M = 4.03 and M = 6.01 respectively, p < 0.05). Medical students had higher levels of the component of hardiness such as commitment (M = 20.95 and M = 18.43 respectively, p < 0.05). In both groups, all hardiness components have negative relationships with depression, anxiety, and stress, but in the medical group control is associated only with depression (r
x
= -0.446, p < 0.01), whereas the other group also has associations with anxiety (r
x
= -0.356, p < 0.01) and stress (r
x
= -0.407, p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Hardiness was negatively related to depression, anxiety, and stress in a pandemic setting. Medical students were more adaptable to the pandemic than non-medical students.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
Pregnancy and childcare are naturally stressful for women, often accompanied by the asthenic syndrome. In a pandemic situation, this type of stress may be potentiated by external ...conditions.
Objectives
The study aimed to investigate the life-state orientations and asthenia levels of pregnant women and young mothers in the context of a pandemic. We also analyzed the correlations between the life-state orientations and the different types of asthenias.
Methods
Data collection was carried out in June 2020 using a Google form that we developed. Pregnant women and young mothers with children under seven years of age participated in the study with 47 respondents. We used the Purpose-in-Life Test to investigate the meaningful orientations and the MFI-20 to determine the level of asthenia. Both questionnaires were adapted for use in Russia.
Results
We found that the mean overall MFI-20 score (M = 58.0±5.9) exceeded the mean values in our sample, indicating the presence of the asthenic syndrome. Physical asthenia (M = 12.9±1.4) and decreased activity (M = 12.0±1.7) were the strongest, with the lowest score on the general asthenia scale (M = 10.6±1.8). Correlation analysis showed that all components of meaningful orientations had multiple positive correlations with different types of asthenias, and the overall asthenia score was 100 % related to life meaningfulness (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Pregnant women and young mothers are at risk for asthenia in the COVID-19 pandemic. This is obviously due to many responsibilities of mothers raising children.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
During the pandemic of new coronavirus infection, some medical students were actively recruited to work with infected patients, which could provoke depression, anxiety, and stress. The ...concept of baseline beliefs predicts characteristics of individuals’ experience of trauma.
Objectives
The study aimed to determine depression, anxiety, and stress levels in medical students and examine their baseline beliefs, as well as the relationship between baseline beliefs and emotional reactions.
Methods
Data were collected in the spring and summer of 2020 using a Google form that we developed. Thirty-seven medical students participated in the study. The WAS-37 questionnaire was used to examine baseline beliefs and the DASS-21 to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. Both questionnaires were adapted for use in Russia.
Results
We found that 78 % of the respondents had no depression, 86 % had no manifestations of anxiety, and 83 % felt stress-free. The mean values on the “Benevolence in the World” scale (M = 32.3±8.0) were within the average normative values, those on the “Justice” scale (M = 19.8±5.0) were below them, and those on the “Self-Image” scale (M = 29.6±5.9), “Luck” (M = 32.5±6.9) and “Controlling Beliefs” (M = 27.3±4.1) were above the average normative values. We found only one statistically significant relationship between emotional reactions and baseline beliefs, a negative correlation between depression and luck (r
x
= -0.360, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
In pandemic medical students, beliefs about one’s luck were associated with lower levels of depression.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection can be considered as a long-term traumatic event. It is known that chronic stress is characterized by dynamics of emotional state caused by ...processes of adaptation and maladaptation.
Objectives
Our study aimed to investigate the dynamics of depression, anxiety, and stress levels among Russian students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Data were collected from May to July 2020 (the first pandemic wave) and from October 2020 to April 2021 (the second wave). A total of 170 non-medical university students participated in the study. We used the DASS-21 to determine levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Results
We found that during the first wave of the pandemic, 57 % of students showed no symptoms of depression, 77 % had no symptoms of anxiety, and 76 % showed no signs of stress. In the second wave, 50 % of students showed no depression, 65 % no anxiety and 67 % no stress. Analysis of mean values showed that the second pandemic wave provoked higher levels of anxiety (M = 3.32±4.25 vs M = 4.71±4.71, p < 0.05) and stress (M = 6.50±4.50 vs M = 7.99±4.97, p < 0.05) .
Conclusions
The second wave of the new coronavirus pandemic provoked more severe emotional reactions among Russian students than the first. By these results we suggest that the duration of the pandemic harms the emotional state of the general population. Therefore, it is essential to develop and implement psychotherapeutic programs to restore the mental health of Russian citizens.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing a joint methodology for estimating the national and global work-related burden of disease and injury ...(WHO/ILO joint methodology), with contributions from a large network of experts. In this paper, we present the protocol for two systematic reviews of parameters for estimating the number of disability-adjusted life years from osteoarthritis of hip or knee, and selected other musculoskeletal diseases respectively, attributable to exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors to inform the development of the WHO/ILO joint methodology.
We aim to systematically review studies on exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors (Systematic Review 1) and systematically review and meta-analyze estimates of the effect of exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors on osteoarthritis of the hip or knee, and selected other musculoskeletal diseases respectively (Systematic Review 2), applying the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology as an organizing framework, conducting both systematic reviews in tandem and in a harmonized way.
Separately for Systematic Reviews 1 and 2, we will search electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and CISDOC. We will also search electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-search reference lists of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consult additional experts.
We will include working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State, but exclude children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. The included occupational ergonomic risk factors will be any exposure to one or more of: force exertion; demanding posture; repetitiveness; hand-arm vibration; lifting; kneeling and/or squatting; and climbing. Included outcomes will be (i) osteoarthritis and (ii) other musculoskeletal diseases (i.e., one or more of: rotator cuff syndrome; bicipital tendinitis; calcific tendinitis; shoulder impingement; bursitis shoulder; epicondylitis medialis; epicondylitis lateralis; bursitis elbow; bursitis hip; chondromalacia patellae; meniscus disorders; and/or bursitis knee). For Systematic Review 1, we will include quantitative prevalence studies of any exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors stratified by country, gender, age and industrial sector or occupation. For Systematic Review 2, we will include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control-studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the relative effect of any exposure with occupational ergonomic risk factors on the prevalence or incidence of osteoarthritis and/or selected musculoskeletal diseases, compared with the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (i.e., no exposure).
At least two review authors will independently screen titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. At least two review authors will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence, using the most suited tools currently available. For Systematic Review 2, if feasible, we will combine relative risks using meta-analysis. We will report results using the guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting (GATHER) for Systematic Review 1 and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA) for Systematic Review 2.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018102631.
•WHO and ILO are developing a joint methodology for estimating the national and global work-related burden of disease and injury.•This article presents a protocol for two systematic reviews for the development of this WHO/ILO joint methodology.•Prevalence studies on exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors will be systematically reviewed.•Studies on effects of occupational ergonomic risk factor exposure on selected musculoskeletal diseases will be systematically reviewed and meta-analysed.
Synergistic compositions of detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles with polytetrafluoroethylene and molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate were used in ring-on-ring, four-ball, and block-on-ring tests as ...an additive to polyalphaolefins and engine oils. Modest to significant reductions in the friction coefficients, wear, or both were observed. In the wear scars produced in the block-on-ring tests, the friction surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and profilometry. Significant polishing effects of the friction surfaces in lubricants containing DND were revealed in SEM observations and roughness measurements. The roughness of the scar surfaces produced in the presence of DND additives was about 35% lower than the roughness of the scars observed in pure oil experiments.
The assessment of caesium-137 accumulation in parts of fungi fruiting bodies of Leccinum aurantiacum (Bull.) Gray in a mixed spruce-aspen forest on sod-podzolic soil was carried out. Average specific ...activity of cesium-137 for caps is 1814±112 Bq/kg and for stems 873±73 Bq/kg. It was found that the specific activity of cesium-137 does not exceed the permissible values, but significantly differs between the cap and stem of fruit bodies. The coefficients of cesium-137 accumulation from soil vary for caps from 4.6 to 6.1 and for stems from 1.7 to 2.8. High specific activity of cesium-137 in aspen leaf fall 289±27 Bq/kg and litter 339±23 Bq/kg compared to the underlying soil horizons was noted.
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