•Ultimate and serviceability limit state design of CLT were evaluated.•Effect of lamina combination on moment and deflection properties of CLT were analyzed.•Bending properties were characterized by ...gamma, shear analogy, and isotropic models.•Span limit by deflection of CLT made from different lamina combination was analyzed.•Failure and bending properties of CLT associated with different spans were found.
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of wood species, thickness and lamina combinations, and span-to-depth ratio (Rsd) on bending strength and stiffness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor element. CLTs with three different thickness (90 mm, 120 mm, and 150 mm) were manufactured using two species, larch and pine. Rsd was 12:1 for shear specimens and 24:1 for bending specimens. Four-point bending test was carried out in accordance with prEN 16351. The higher density species (larch) CLT showed higher load resistance with larger span length. The load resistances of larch CLT was 1.2 times higher than pine CLT. The maximum span length of larch CLT was 1.1 times longer than pine CLT. As the thickness of CLT was increased, load resistance and span length were also increased. When the thickness of CLT was increased from 90 mm to 150 mm, load resistances was increased by approximately 308% for larch and 310% for pine, and span length was increased by approximately 90% for larch and 89% for pine.
Deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) can be cost-effective for carbon mitigation, but they also have environmental co-benefits and economic impacts that cannot be ignored. Despite many empirical ...studies on the co-benefits of NDCs at the national or sectoral level, there is lack of integrated assessment on DDPs for their energy, economic, and environmental impact. This is due to the limitations of bottom-up and top-down models when used alone. This paper aims to fill this gap and link the bottom-up MAPLE model with a top-down CGE model to evaluate China's DDPs' comprehensive impacts. First, results show that carbon dioxide emissions can be observed to peak in or before 2030, and non-fossil energy consumption in 2030 is around 27%, which is well above the NDC target of 20%. Second, significant environmental co-benefits can be expected: 7.1 million tons of SO2, 3.96 million tons of NOx, and 1.02 million tons of PM2.5 will be reduced in the DDP scenario compared to the reference scenario. The health co-benefits demonstrated with the model-linking approach is around 678 billion RMB, and we observe that the linked model results are more in accordance with the conclusions of existing studies. Third, after linking, we find the real GDP loss from deep decarbonization is reduced from 0.92% to 0.54% in 2030. If the environmental co-benefits are considered, the GDP loss is further offset by 0.39%. The primary innovation of this study is to give a full picture of DDPs' impact, considering both environmental co-benefits and economic losses. We aim to provide positive evidence that developing countries can achieve targets higher than stated in the NDCs through DDP efforts, which will have clear environmental co-benefits to offset the economic losses.
•We perform an integrated analysis of energy systems, the economy, and environmental impacts of China's DDP efforts.•Soft-linking of a bottom-up and a top-down model is a methodological improvement on co-benefit analyses.•China's DDPs have positive environmental co-benefits of around 678 billion RMB in 2030.•Taking environmental co-benefits into account reduces estimated GDP loss from DDP from 0.45% to 0.15%.
Most B2C websites provide consumers with two types of electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) information, namely aggregated rating and individual review. The present research investigates the effects of a ...conflicting aggregated rating on the perceived credibility and diagnosticity of individual reviews. The results of our laboratory experiment demonstrate that the presence of a conflicting aggregated rating will decrease review credibility and diagnosticity via its negative effect on consumers' product-related attributions of the review. In addition, these effects are more salient for positive reviews than for negative ones. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between different types of eWOM information and provide practitioners with actionable suggestions on how to improve the design of their eWOM systems.
► There are two types of eWOM information: aggregated rating and individual reviews. ► A conflicting aggregated rating negatively affects product-related attributions of a review. ► The effect of conflicting aggregated rating is more salient for positive reviews than for negative ones. ► Attribution mediates the effects of conflicting aggregated rating on review diagnosticity and credibility.
The synthesis of highly uniform mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) with dendritic pore channels, particularly ones with particle sizes below 200 nm, is extremely difficult and remains a grand ...challenge. By a combined synthetic strategy using imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with different alkyl lengths as cosurfactants and Pluronic F127 nonionic surfactants as inhibitors of particle growth, the preparation of dendritic MSNs with controlled diameter between 40 and 300 nm was successfully realized. An investigation of dendritic MSNs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen physisorption revealed that the synthesis of dendritic MSNs at larger size (100–300 nm) strongly depends on the alkyl lengths of cationic imidazolium ILs; while the average size of dendritic MSNs can be controlled within the range of 40–100 nm by varying the amount of Pluronic F127. The Au@MSNs can be used as a catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH4 into 4-aminophenol and exhibit excellent catalytic performance. The present discovery of the extended synthesis conditions offers reproducible, facile, and large-scale synthesis of the monodisperse spherical MSNs with precise size control and, thus, has vast prospects for future applications of ultrafine mesostructured nanoparticle materials in catalysis and biomedicine.
Pneumoconiosis refers to a spectrum of pulmonary diseases caused by inhalation of mineral dust, usually as the result of certain occupations. The main pathological features include chronic pulmonary ...inflammation and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, which can eventually lead to death caused by respiratory and/or heart failure. Pneumoconiosis is widespread globally, seriously threatening global public health. Its high incidence and mortality lie in improper occupational protection, and in the lack of early diagnostic methods and effective treatments. This article reviews the epidemiology, safeguard procedures, diagnosis, and treatment of pneumoconiosis, and summarizes recent research advances and future research prospects.
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content affects the tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of pork. An increasing number of studies are focusing on the functions of microRNAs (miRs) during porcine intramuscular ...preadipocyte development. Previous studies have proved that miR-425-5p was enriched in porcine skeletal muscles and played important roles in multiple physiological processes; however, its functions during intramuscular adipogenesis remain unclear. To explore the role of miR-425-5p in porcine intramuscular adipogenesis, miR-425-5p agomir and inhibitor were used to perform miR-425-5p overexpression and knockdown in intramuscular preadipocytes, respectively. Our results showed that the agomir of miR-425-5p dramatically inhibited intramuscular adipogenic differentiation and downregulated the expression levels of adipogenic marker genes PPARγ, FABP4, and FASN, whereas its inhibitor promoted adipogenesis. Interestingly, the agomir repressed proliferation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes by downregulation of cyclin B and cyclin E. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-425-5p inhibited adipogenesis via targeting and repressing the translation of KLF13. Taken together, our findings identified that miR-425-5p is a novel inhibitor of porcine intramuscular adipogenesis possibly through targeting
and subsequently downregulating
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A separable glued-laminated timber (GLT, Larix kaempferi Carr.)-steel beam system is presented in this work for easy recycling at the time of disposal. The minimum thickness of steel required to ...induce compressive GLT failure was assembled with GLT by inclined screws. In a total of 8 GLTs, 3 GLTs were not reinforced (control group), and 5 GLTs were reinforced with steel plates (comparison group). In the GLT in the comparison group, a steel plate (SPHC, yield strength: 227 MPa, modulus of elasticity 166.33 GPa) was installed with screws (∅9x160mm, 45°). The deflection and load of specimens were measured by a third-point bending test to derive their bending stiffness and load-carrying capacities. All specimens in the control group showed brittle tensile failure, but all specimens in the comparison group showed ductile behavior and maintained a load-carrying capacity of about 30 kN. After the compression failure of the GLT, there was no damage to the screw connection, while the steel plate was extended. Based on the behavior of the steel, a GLT-steel beam prediction model was developed, similar to the structural design method for reinforced concrete.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) play a critical role in various pathological and physiological processes. Although recent research has identified AhRs as a key contributor to bone metabolism ...following studies in systemic AhR knockout (KO) or transgenic mice, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) in this process remain unclear. In this study, we explored the function of AhR in bone metabolism using AhR(RANKΔOc/ΔOc) (RANK(Cre/+);AhR(flox/flox)) mice. We observed enhanced bone mass together with decreased resorption in both male and female 12 and 24-week-old AhR(RANKΔOc/ΔOc) mice. Control mice treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), an AhR agonist, exhibited decreased bone mass and increased bone resorption, whereas AhR(CtskΔOc/ΔOc) (Ctsk(Cre/+);AhR(flox/flox)) mice injected with 3MC appeared to have a normal bone phenotype. In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from AhR(RANKΔOc/ΔOc) mice exhibited impaired osteoclastogenesis and repressed differentiation with downregulated expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1), and cytochrome P450 genes Cyp1b1 and Cyp1a2. Collectively, our results not only demonstrated that AhR in osteoclast lineage cells is a physiologically relevant regulator of bone resorption, but also highlighted the need for further studies on the skeletal actions of AhR inhibitors in osteoclast lineage cells commonly associated with bone diseases, especially diseases linked to environmental pollutants known to induce bone loss.
This paper proposes a framework for a layout evaluation of urban public sports facilities. First, the buffer analysis method is used to measure the service level of public sports facilities. The ...study findings indicate that the overall service level of public sports facilities presents the spatial characteristics of a central agglomeration, and the value of the service level diffuses outward from high to low. There is evident spatial heterogeneity in the layout of public sports facilities in Hangzhou. Second, the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and location entropy are employed to measure the equity of the distribution among spatial units and the intradistrict disparity. The results show a mismatch between the spatial distribution of the facilities and the distribution of the permanent population. The patterns of distribution of the location entropy classes of Hangzhou can be divided into three types: balanced, alternating, and divergent districts. The method in this paper is effective in measuring spatial equity and visualizing it. it has a certain degree of systemicity, universality and operability. At the same time, this method can compare the diachronic characteristics of the same city and the synchronic characteristics of different cities, which has universal application value.
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