A novel bacterial strain capable of decolorizing reactive textile dye Red BLI is isolated from the soil sample collected from contaminated sites of textile industry from Solapur, India. The bacterial ...isolate was identified as
Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 on the basis of 16S rDNA analysis. The
Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 decolorized Red BLI (50
mg
l
−1) 99.28% within 1
h under static anoxic condition at pH range from 6.5 to 7.0 and 30
°C. This strain has ability to decolorize various reactive textile dyes. UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR and TLC analysis of samples before and after dye decolorization in culture medium confirmed decolorization of Red BLI. A significant increase in the activities of aminopyrine
N-demethylase and NADH-DCIP reductase in cells obtained after decolorization indicates involvement of these enzymes in the decolorization process. Phytotoxicity testing with the seeds of
Sorghum vulgare and
Phaseolus mungo, showed more sensitivity towards the dye, while the products obtained after dye decolorization does not have any inhibitory effects.
Aims: To isolate the potential micro‐organism for the degradation of textile disperse dye Brown 3 REL and to find out the reaction mechanism.
Methods and Results: 16S rDNA analysis revealed an ...isolate from textile effluent contaminated soil as Bacillus sp. VUS and was able to degrade (100%) dye Brown 3REL within 8 h at static anoxic condition. A significant increase in the activities of lignin peroxidase, laccase and NADH‐DCIP reductase was observed up to complete decolourization of Brown 3REL. The optimum temperature required for degradation was 40°C and pH 6·5–12·0. Phyto‐toxicity and chemical oxygen demand revealed nontoxic products of dye degradation. The biodegradation was monitored by UV–VIS, FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC. The final products 6,8‐dichloro‐quinazoline‐4‐ol and cyclopentanone were characterized by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. This Bacillus sp. VUS also decolourized (80%) textile dye effluent within 12 h.
Conclusions: This study suggests that Bacillus sp. VUS could be a useful tool for textile effluent treatment.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The newly isolated Bacillus sp. VUS decolourized 16 textile dyes and textile dye effluent also. It achieved complete biodegradation of Brown 3REL. Phytotoxicity study demonstrated no toxicity of the biodegraded products for plants with respect to Triticum aestivum and Sorghum bicolor.
A microbial consortium DAS consisting three bacterial sp. originally obtained from dye contaminated sites of Solapur, India was selected because it was capable of decolorizing textile effluent and ...dye faster than the individual bacteria under static conditions. Identification of the isolates by 16S rRNA techniques revealed the isolates to be
Pseudomonas species. The concerted metabolic activity of these isolates led to complete decolorization of textile effluent as well as Reactive Orange 16 (100
mg
l
−1) within 48-h at pH 7 and 30
°C. Studies involving Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye were carried with the bacterial consortium DAS to elucidate the mechanism of biodegradation. Induction of the laccase and reductase enzyme during RO16 decolorization indicated their role in biodegradation. The biodegradation of RO16 was monitored by using IR spectroscopy, HPLC and GC–MS analysis. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and phytotoxicity studies carried out before and after decolorization of the textile effluent revealed the nontoxic nature of the biotreated sample.
The consortium PMB11 consisting of three bacterial species, originally isolated from dye contaminated soil was identified as
Bacillus odysseyi SUK3,
Morganella morganii SUK5 and
Proteus sp. SUK7. The ...consortium possessed the ability to decolorize various textile dyes as well as mixtures of dyes. PMB11 could decolorize Red HE3B (50
mg
l
−1) with 99% of decolorization within 12
h in nutrient broth, while in mineral medium it could decolorize up to 97% within 24
h. Induction in the activities of various oxidative and reductive enzymes indicates the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization. Biodegradation of the dye was monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy, HPLC and FTIR analysis. The Red HE3B degradation pathway was proposed by GC–MS analysis. Various metabolites formed after the degradation were identified as 2,5-diaminobenzene 6-aminotriazine, aniline 2-sulfate, aniline 3-sulfate, 2-amino 5-chlorotriazine and naphthalene. Phytotoxicity studies revealed that metabolites formed after degradation were significantly less toxic in nature.
•BCY20 thin electrolyte was deposited by economical spray pyrolysis technique.•Solution concentration and annealing temperature affects structure and morphology.•Excellent agreement with XRD data of ...lattice parameter.•The dc conductivity in argon at 600°C was 4.25 × 10−3 S cm−1.
Yttrium doped barium cerate (BCY) a solid state ion conductor which exhibits proton conductivity under proper atmospheric conditions, is used as an electrolyte in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs). In present work, nanocrystalline BaCe0.8Y0.2O2.9 (BCY20) thin films were successfully deposited onto alumina substrates by simple and economical spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) at 250°C. The effect of solution concentration and annealing on physico-chemical properties of BCY20 thin film has been studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of spray pyrolysed BCY20 films revealed polycrystalline (crystallite size 35nm) orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a=8.77Å, b=6.234Å and c=6.223Å. The scanning electron micrographs showed dense morphology which is very useful for electrolyte. The stoichiometry was confirmed by elemental analysis and the estimated atomic ratio was in good agreement with that of the precursor solution ratio. The most intense band at 353.26cm−1 observed in room temperature Raman spectrum of BCY20 film was due to vibrational mode of barium cerate. The FTIR spectra with heat treatment shows no carbon based vibration bonds, revealing absence of carbon based surface impurities in the sample. The dc conductivities measured in air and argon atmospheres at 600°C were 1.7×10−3 and 4.25×10−3Scm−1, respectively.
Farmer profit can be increased and air quality improved
Although intentional use of fires to transform land has decreased globally (
1
,
2
), particularly among highly capitalized countries through ...regulatory and market-oriented approaches and moral suasion, regulatory strategies have been less effective in southern and eastern Asia (see table S21). Some densely populated agricultural regions in China and India buck the global trend, showing increases in agricultural fires (
2
). This is particularly true in northwestern India, where rice residue burning makes a substantial contribution to air pollution and short-lived climate pollutants (
3
,
4
). Regulations are in place to reduce agricultural fires, but burning continues because of uncertainty regarding policy implementation and regarding access and returns to alternative technologies. With the field burning season soon upon us, we synthesize emerging evidence on alternatives to burning, clarify the business case for alternative practices, identify remaining uncertainties, and discuss approaches to increase their widespread adoption. Often, there are difficult trade-offs between environmental improvement and profitable economic opportunities. The case of crop residue management in northwestern India does not appear to fit this pattern and provides lessons that may be useful elsewhere.
Spinel ferrite nanoparticles plays important role in many applications due to their excellent structural, magnetic and electrical properties. Among the spinel ferrite nickel ferrite is a prominent ...candidate for various applications and is the subject of interest to many researchers. Therefore, attempt is made to synthesize NiFe2O4 nanoparticles and investigate its structural, infrared and magnetic properties for high frequency applications. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto-ignition technique. Efforts are made to obtain nanopowder of high quality by taking extra care and some modification in synthesis procedure. In order to examine the phase purity and nanocrystalline nature, prepared nanopowder was subjected to X-ray diffraction studies. A close examination of XRD pattern revealed the presence of the reflections belonging only to cubic spinel structure. No extra peak was seen in the XRD pattern. The crystallite size was estimated using Debye-Scherrer's formula and found to be 22nm. FT-IR spectrum of NiFe2O4 shows the two prominent absorption bands near the frequency range 400 cm−1 and 600 cm−1. The important magnetic property was studied by M-H plot which was recorded using pulse field hysteresis loop tracer at room temperature. Using the M-H plots the values of saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remanence magnetization are recorded as 37.61 emu/g, 177 Oe, and 11.71 emu/g respectively. The obtained data for structural and magnetic properties will be useful for high frequency applications.
Stoichiometric compositions of ferrites with the chemical formula Li0.5−0.5xCoxFe2.4−0.5xDy0.1O4 with x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 were prepared by the standard double sintering ceramic method. X-ray ...diffraction analysis confirmed the cubic spinel structure of the prepared samples. The structural, morphological and magnetic properties were studied by X-ray diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and ac susceptibility measurements. Lattice constant, grain size and density increase whereas porosity decreases with the increase in Co2+ substitution. IR measurements show the characteristic ferrite bands. Spectral absorption bands were observed in IR spectroscopic analysis at ν1=564−601cm−1, ν2=486−519cm−1 and ν3=551−578cm−1. The cation distribution estimated by the X-ray diffraction is supported by magnetization and susceptibility studies. The saturation magnetization decreases from 44.25 to 17.14emu/g whereas coercivity remarkably increases from 240.69 to 812.14emu/g with increasing Co2+ substitution. The mechanisms involved are discussed.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowder was synthesized by a simple and quick combustion method using zinc nitrate as a precursor and glycine as a fuel material. The starting materials were mixed at room ...temperature and spontaneous ignition of which resulted into the ZnO nanopowder. The synthesized nanopowder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), Infrared (IR) spectrophotometer and spectroflurometer in order to study the structural, morphological, compositional and photoluminescence (PL) properties. The ZnO powder shows polycrystalline nature with preferential peak (101) having crystallite size 25
nm. A significant band at 532
cm
−1 in the IR spectrum corroborates the presence of characteristic band of ZnO. Room temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the synthesized nanopowder exhibits a dominant, sharp and strong ultraviolet (UV) emission with a suppressed deep-level emission indicating good crystal quality and optical properties.
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►We report here the photoluminescence of the ZnO nanopowder. ►The powder was synthesized by combustion method from the mixture of zinc nitrate and glycine. ►Also the structural, compositional and morphological properties of the powder were reported.
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