Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) show potential in addressing the safety issues of liquid batteries, but the poor interface contact between them and the electrodes hinders practical applications. ...Here, coordination chemistry of nitrile groups based on succinonitrile (SCN) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is studied on the surface of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) SSE to build the chemical bonded electrolyte/electrode interfaces. The coordination of the nitrile group and LLZTO is clarified. A deformable PAN‐modifying SCN electrolyte (PSE) interphase with stable ionic conductivity (10−4 S cm−1) and high lithium‐ion transference number (0.66) is fabricated on the surface of LLZTO electrolyte based on the coordination competition of nitrile groups. Once applied to SSBs, it endows low interface resistance and strong bonding for the electrolyte/electrode interfaces so that the initial Coulomb efficiency reaches 95.6 % and the capacity remains 99 % after 250 cycles at 25 °C.
A nitrile group‐induced coordination interphase on the surface of the LLZTO electrolyte stabilizes the electrolyte/electrode interface.
Fruit cracking occurs easily during the late period of fruit development when plants encounter an unsuitable environment, dramatically affecting fruit production and marketing. This study conducted ...the bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR) to identify the key regulatory gene of fruit cracking in tomatoes. BSR-Seq analysis illustrated that two regions associated with irregularly cracking were located on chromosomes 9 and 11, containing 127 candidate genes. Further, through differentially expression analysis and qRT-PCR in cracking-susceptible and cracking-resistant genotypes, the candidate gene SlGH9-15 (Solyc09g010210) with significantly differential expression levels was screened. Bioinformatics analysis of the GH9 gene family revealed that 20 SlGH9 genes were divided into three groups. The phylogenetic analysis showed that SlGH9-15 was closely related to cell wall construction-associated genes AtGH9B1, AtGH9B6, OsGH9B1, and OsGH9B3. The cis-acting elements analysis revealed that SlGH9-15 was activated by various hormones (ethylene and ABA) and abiotic stresses. The expression pattern indicated that 13 SlGH9 genes, especially SlGH9-15, were highly expressed in the cracking-susceptible genotype. Its expression level gradually increased during fruit development and achieved maximum value at the red ripe stage. Additionally, the cracking-susceptible tomato showed higher cellulase activity and lower cellulose content than the cracking-resistant tomato, particularly at the red ripe stage. This study identified SlGH9-15 as a key gene associated with fruit cracking in tomatoes for the first time and gives new insights for understanding the molecular mechanism and complex regulatory network of fruit cracking.
Lithium–oxygen batteries are vital devices for electrochemical energy storage. The electrolyte is a crucial factor for improving battery performance. The high reactivity of lithium metal induces side ...reactions with organic electrolytes, thus leading to an unstable interface between the anode and electrolyte and poor performance of batteries. In this work, to compensate for the above shortcomings, 1-methylimidazole (MeIm) is introduced to the tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) electrolyte to form the TEGDME/MeIm co-solvent electrolyte. Because of the high donor number value of MeIm, the solution-based pathway of discharge products can be triggered. Compared with the single TEGDME electrolyte, the discharge capacity with the TEGDME/MeIm co-solvent electrolyte is increased by more than 2 times. Moreover, the TEGDME/MeIm co-solvent electrolyte can promote the dissociation of Li salt due to the high dielectric constant of MeIm and thus make up for the shortcomings of TEGDME. In addition, due to the lower energy than the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of TEGDME, MeIm is decomposed preferentially, and a dense solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is constructed. Then, the decomposition of TEGDME is suppressed. Therefore, the cycle performance of the battery with the TEGDME/MeIm co-solvent electrolyte is 18 times compared to that with the single TEGDME electrolyte.
Lithium anode protection is an effective strategy to prohibit the continuous loss of redox mediators (RMs) resulting from the unfavorable “shuttle effect” in lithium–oxygen batteries. In this work, ...an in situ Li anode protection method is designed by utilizing an organic compound, 1-Boc-3-iodoazetidine (BIA), as both a RM and an additive, to form a lithium anode protective layer. The reaction between Li metal and BIA can form lithium iodide (LiI) and lithium-based organometallic. LiI can effectively reduce the charging overpotential. Meanwhile, the in situ-formed anode protection layer (lithium-based organometallic) can not only effectively prevent RMs from being reduced by the lithium metal, but also inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the lithium–oxygen battery with BIA shows a long cycle life of 260 cycles with a notably reduced charging potential. In particular, the battery with BIA achieves an excellent lifespan of 160 cycles at a large current density of 2000 mA g–1.
Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) show potential in addressing the safety issues of liquid batteries, but the poor interface contact between them and the electrodes hinders practical applications. ...Here, coordination chemistry of nitrile groups based on succinonitrile (SCN) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is studied on the surface of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) SSE to build the chemical bonded electrolyte/electrode interfaces. The coordination of the nitrile group and LLZTO is clarified. A deformable PAN‐modifying SCN electrolyte (PSE) interphase with stable ionic conductivity (10−4 S cm−1) and high lithium‐ion transference number (0.66) is fabricated on the surface of LLZTO electrolyte based on the coordination competition of nitrile groups. Once applied to SSBs, it endows low interface resistance and strong bonding for the electrolyte/electrode interfaces so that the initial Coulomb efficiency reaches 95.6 % and the capacity remains 99 % after 250 cycles at 25 °C.
A nitrile group‐induced coordination interphase on the surface of the LLZTO electrolyte stabilizes the electrolyte/electrode interface.
Die Koordination einer Nitrilgruppe auf der Oberfläche eines Granat‐Festkörperelektrolyten wird im Forschungsartikel von Tao Zhang und Mitarbeitern auf S. 24364 demonstriert. Basierend auf der ...bestätigten Oberflächenkoordination wurde eine feste und stabile Elektrode/Elektrolyt‐Interphase konstruiert, die einen langfristigen stabilen Betrieb einer Lithium‐Metall‐Festkörperbatterie ermöglicht.
The molecular mechanisms underlying proliferation and apoptosis induced by p-nonylphenol (NP) through regulation of mRNA and protein expression of c-myc, p53 mRNA and the protein was investigated ...using ovarian cancer PEO4 cells. PEO4 cells were grown in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to investigate cell proliferation. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of PEO4 c-myc and p53. Within the range of approximately 8-9×10
−7
mol L
−1
, NP stimulated proliferation in PEO4 cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that treatment with 32 × 10
−7
mol L
−1
NP for 72 hr resulted in increased mRNA and protein expression of PEO4 c-myc and p53. Evidence indicates that NP exerted estrogenic actions and stimulated proliferation in estrogen responsive ovarian cancer PEO4 cells by up-regulation of c-myc mRNA and protein expression.
The coordination of a nitrile group on the surface of a garnet solid electrolyte is demonstrated in the Research Article on page 24162 by Tao Zhang and co‐workers. A firm and stable ...electrode/electrolyte interphase was constructed by using the confirmed surface coordination, enabling the long‐term stable cycling of a lithium metal solid state battery.
•Aging influences seeds storage components, respiration metabolism and structure.•Respiratory rate has correlation with stored substances and structure in seeds.•The respiratory rate at specific ...period may be a promising indicator for seed aging.
The aging of seeds is a major problem in the agricultural sector. It is also a complex biological question that remains unclear for many crop seeds. In this experiment, we investigated how different ageing levels influence seeds germination, storage components, structure, respiration metabolism, and whether respiration is a promising indicator that can non-destructively evaluate seed aging. First, we obtained non-heading Chinese cabbage seeds with varying ageing levels by applying artificial aging treatments over a period of six days (0 d–6 d). Subsequently, respiration related indexes and ultrastructural observations were conducted. Our results showed that the respiratory rate remains low when seeds have a low water content. With the increased water content, the activities of respiratory-related enzymes, phosphohexose isomerase (PGI) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), reached maximum levels when seeds were aged for two days. Respiration rates peaked one day later, followed by a rapid decline with increasing age. The ageing process consumed a large amount of storage components (e.g. soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch), leading to the degradation of mitochondria, proteasomes, fat bodies and cell nuclei in the aged seeds, which resulted in the reduction of respiratory rates. This, in turn, negatively affected seed germination. When seeds germinated (1 h–6 h, 1 d–6 d) under standard germination condition, the germination rate and respiratory rate showed significant correlation. Especially for 5 h and 6 h, the correlation coefficients reached 0.954 and 0.976 respectively. Measured at those times, respiratory rate should be a promising indicator for seed aging.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of myopic foveoschisis patients using the macular buckling with L-shaped titanium plate and silicon sponge ...combined with vitrectomy. The data of the patients who underwent macular buckling combined with vitrectomy was collected. The study recorded the following parameters：best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, axial length, intraocular pressure, central macular thickness, and the position of the titanium plate. Following the surgery, the BCVA of the included patients were improved, whereas the axial lengths were reduced followed by resolution of the foveoschisis compared with that noted prior to the operations. All patients had orbital CT examination and the results indicated that the titanium plates were appropriately placed and were not in contact with the optic nerve. Therefore, it is effective to treat myopic foveaschisis by macular buckling using the L-shaped titanium plate and silicon sponge in the presence of vitrectomy.
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