Background Increasing both the frequency and quality of social interactions within treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in older adults may improve their mental health outcomes and quality ...of life. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost utility of an enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) plus social participation program in a sample of older adults with depression and/or anxiety. Methods A total of 172 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older with an anxiety and/or depressive disorder will be randomly allocated to either an enhanced CBT plus social participation program (n = 86) or standard CBT (n = 86). Both treatments will be delivered during 12 weekly individual sessions utilising structured manuals and workbooks. Participants will be assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome evaluates mean change in clinician-rated diagnostic severity of anxiety and depressive disorders from baseline to post-treatment (primary endpoint) based on a semi-structured diagnostic interview. Secondary outcomes evaluate changes in symptomatology on self-report anxiety and depression measures, as well as changes in social/community participation, social network, and perceived social support, loneliness, quality of life, and use of health services. Economic benefits will be evaluated using a cost-utility analysis to derive the incremental cost utility ratios for the enhanced CBT program. Discussion Outcomes from this study will provide support for the establishment of improved psychosocial treatment for older adults with anxiety and/or depression. Study outcomes will also provide health systems with a clear means to reduce the impact of poor emotional health in older age and its associated economic burden. In addition to the empirical validation of a novel treatment, the current study will contribute to the current understanding of the role of social participation in older adult wellbeing. Trial registration Prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ID: ACTRN12619000242123; registered 19.sup.th February 2019) and the ISRCTN registry (ID: ISRCTN78951376; registered 10.sup.th July 2019).
A Survey of Single-Scene Video Anomaly Detection Ramachandra, Bharathkumar; Jones, Michael J.; Vatsavai, Ranga Raju
IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,
05/2022, Volume:
44, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article summarizes research trends on the topic of anomaly detection in video feeds of a single scene. We discuss the various problem formulations, publicly available datasets and evaluation ...criteria. We categorize and situate past research into an intuitive taxonomy and provide a comprehensive comparison of the accuracy of many algorithms on standard test sets. Finally, we also provide best practices and suggest some possible directions for future research.
Summary
The aim of this review was to undertake a survey of researchers working with plant‐parasitic nematodes in order to determine a ‘top 10’ list of these pathogens based on scientific and ...economic importance. Any such list will not be definitive as economic importance will vary depending on the region of the world in which a researcher is based. However, care was taken to include researchers from as many parts of the world as possible when carrying out the survey. The top 10 list emerging from the survey is composed of: (1) root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.); (2) cyst nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.); (3) root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.); (4) the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis; (5) Ditylenchus dipsaci; (6) the pine wilt nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; (7) the reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis; (8) Xiphinema index (the only virus vector nematode to make the list); (9) Nacobbus aberrans; and (10) Aphelenchoides besseyi. The biology of each nematode (or nematode group) is reviewed briefly.
Originating in Mesoamerica 9,000 years ago, maize-or, as we know it, corn-now grows in 160 countries. In the New World, indigenous peoples referred to corn as "Our Mother," "Our Life," and "She Who ...Sustains Us." Today, the United States is the world's leading producer of corn, and you can find more than 3,500 items in grocery stores that contain corn in one way or another-from puddings to soups, margarine to mayonnaise. In Corn: A Global History, Michael Owen Jones explores the origins of this humble but irreplaceable crop. The book traces corn back to its Mesoamerican roots, following along as it was transported to the Old World by Christopher Columbus, and then subsequently distributed throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia. Jones takes readers into the deliciously disparate culinary uses of corn, including the Chilean savory pie pastel de choclo, Japanese corn soup, Mexican tamales, a Filipino shaved ice snack, and the South African cracked hominy dish umngqusho, favored by Nelson Mandela. Covering corn's controversies, celebrations, and iconic cultural status, Jones interweaves food, folklore, history, and popular culture to reveal the vibrant story of a world staple.
•A survey of deep learning research in classifying weeds in crop images.•A taxonomy of the techniques and classify the papers based on the taxonomy.•An analysis on weed detection and classification ...methods.•An overview of data acquisition and data preparation, and evaluation metrics.
The rapid advances in Deep Learning (DL) techniques have enabled rapid detection, localisation, and recognition of objects from images or videos. DL techniques are now being used in many applications related to agriculture and farming. Automatic detection and classification of weeds can play an important role in weed management and so contribute to higher yields. Weed detection in crops from imagery is inherently a challenging problem because both weeds and crops have similar colours (‘green-on-green’), and their shapes and texture can be very similar at the growth phase. Also, a crop in one setting can be considered a weed in another. In addition to their detection, the recognition of specific weed species is essential so that targeted controlling mechanisms (e.g. appropriate herbicides and correct doses) can be applied. In this paper, we review existing deep learning-based weed detection and classification techniques. We cover the detailed literature on four main procedures, i.e., data acquisition, dataset preparation, DL techniques employed for detection, location and classification of weeds in crops, and evaluation metrics approaches. We found that most studies applied supervised learning techniques, they achieved high classification accuracy by fine-tuning pre-trained models on any plant dataset, and past experiments have already achieved high accuracy when a large amount of labelled data is available.
Speech and gesture are two vital components of communication. Gesture itself provides an external support to speech, potentially promoting comprehension of a spoken message. The question of whether ...gesture promotes comprehension is not new, with research dating back to the 1970s. However, when gestures are most beneficial to comprehension is poorly understood. This meta-analysis explored 2 questions: whether and when gestures benefit comprehension of verbal information. We examined the effect sizes of 83 independent samples. Within each sample, a learner's comprehension was measured when gestures accompanied speech, compared with speech alone. Across all samples, gesture had a moderate, beneficial effect on comprehension when either produced or observed by a learner. Further stratified tests revealed that gestures significantly benefitted comprehension under a variety of circumstances, dependent on the type of gesture used, the information provided by gesture, the function of the gesture, the age of the learner, and the way comprehension was measured. The function of the gesture moderated the magnitude of the effect, with studies investigating the effect of producing gestures on comprehension yielding significantly larger effect sizes on average than studies investigating the effect of observing gestures on comprehension. The results from the current meta-analysis have theoretical and practical implications for gesture-related research and highlight new avenues for future studies.
Public Significance Statement
This meta-analysis reveals that gestures, when combined with speech, have a moderate effect on a learner's language comprehension. These effects are stronger when the learner produces the gestures themselves, as opposed to observing another individual's gestures.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are common, and the skin is by far the most frequently involved organ with a broad spectrum of reaction types. The diagnosis of cutaneous DHRs (CDHR) may be ...difficult because of multiple differential diagnoses. A correct classification is important for the correct diagnosis and management. With these guidelines, we aim to give precise definitions and provide the background needed for doctors to correctly classify CDHR.
Root lesion nematodes (RLNs) are one of the most economically important groups of plant nematodes. As migratory endoparasites, their presence in roots is less obvious than infestations of sedentary ...endoparasites; nevertheless, in many instances, they are the major crop pests. With increasing molecular information on nematode parasitism, available data now reflect the differences and, in particular, similarities in lifestyle between migratory and sedentary endoparasites. Far from being unsophisticated compared with sedentary endoparasites, migratory endoparasites are exquisitely suited to their parasitic lifestyle. What they lack in effectors required for induction of permanent feeding sites, they make up for with their versatile host range and their ability to move and feed from new host roots and survive adverse conditions. In this review, we summarize the current molecular data available for RLNs and highlight differences and similarities in effectors and molecular mechanisms between migratory and sedentary endoparasitic nematodes.
Vacancies have received considerable attention in energy storage materials since they are able to generate more active defects, leading to enhanced conductivity and thus higher capability. Here, we ...provide a facile strategy to rapidly achieve sufficient sulphur vacancies, lattice distortion and changed charge-states of Ni/Co on the material surface layer in NiCo2S4via low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma. Both experimental results and DFT calculations have demonstrated that enhanced performances can be obtained with different amounts of sulphur vacancies (S-vacancies), with optimal performance obtained at 30% S-vacancy. Moreover, the same trend of enhanced energy storage performance effects is found in comparison groups of varied Ni/Co atomic ratios (1 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 : 4, 4 : 1), suggesting the serviceability of this facile strategy, which only requires 30 seconds of processing. This paves a path towards high-performance supercapatteries using the simple plasma-based method.
Objective. This research examines how narrative communication structures influence the public’s perceptions of risk and policy preferences related to climate change. Methods. An Internet-based ...experiment is used to expose roughly 1,500 census-balanced U.S. respondents to climate change information. Four experimental treatments are operationalized: a baseline control fact list and three culturally nuanced narratives. Results. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis indicates that narrative structure, particularly through the hero character, plays a powerful role in shaping climate change perceptions of risk and policy preferences. Conclusion. Explanations of the public’s perceptions of risk and climate change policy preferences should more explicitly account for the role of dominant climate narratives.
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