Multiple sclerosis (MS) and glioblastoma (GBM) are CNS diseases in whose development and progression immune privilege is intimately important, but in a relatively opposite manner. Maintenance and ...strengthening of immune privilege have been shown to be an important mechanism in glioblastoma immune evasion, while the breakdown of immune privilege leads to MS initiation and exacerbation. We hypothesize that molecular signaling pathways can be oppositely regulated in peripheral blood CD8+ T cells of MS and glioblastoma patients at a transcriptional level. We analyzed publicly available data of the peripheral blood CD8+ T cell MS vs. control (MSvsCTRL) and GBM vs. control (GBMvsCTRL) differentially expressed gene (DEG) contrasts with Qiagen's Ingenuity pathway analysis software (IPA). We have identified sphingolipid signaling pathway which was significantly downregulated in the GBMvsCTRL and upregulated in the MSvsCTRL. As the pathway is important for the CD8+ T lymphocytes CNS infiltration, this result is in line with our previously stated hypothesis. Comparing publicly available lists of differentially expressed serum exosomal miRNAs from MSvsCTRL and GBMvsCTRL contrasts, we have identified that hsa-miR-182-5p has the greatest potential effect on sphingolipid signaling regarding the number of regulated DEGs in the GBMvsCTRL contrast, while not being able to find any relevant potential sphingolipid signaling target transcripts in the MSvsCTRL contrast. We conclude that the sphingolipid signaling pathway is a top oppositely regulated pathway in peripheral blood CD8+ T cells from GBM and MS, and might be crucial for the differences in CNS immune privilege maintenance of investigated diseases, but further experimental research is necessary.
Purpose
Acute hydrocephalus is a common complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). It can be self-limiting or require cerebrospinal fluid diversion. We aimed to determine the ...transient acute hydrocephalus (TAH) rate in patients with aSAH treated endovascularly and evaluate its predictive factors.
Methods
A retrospective review of 357 patients with aSAH who underwent endovascular treatment from March 2013 to December 2019 was performed. Clinical and radiographic data were analyzed and risk factors with potential significance for acute hydrocephalus were identified. We constructed a new risk score, the Drainage Or Transiency of Acute Hydrocephalus after Aneurysmal SAH (DOTAHAS) score, that may differentiate patients who would experience TAH from those needing surgical interventions.
Results
Acute hydrocephalus occurred in 129 patients (36%), out of whom in 66 patients (51%) it was self-limiting while 63 patients (49%) required external ventricular drainage placement. As independent risk factors for acute hydrocephalus, we identified older age, poor initial clinical condition, aSAH from posterior circulation, and the extent of cisternal and intraventricular hemorrhage. The following three factors were shown to predict acute hydrocephalus transiency and therefore included in the DOTAHAS score, ranging from 0 to 7 points: Hunt and Hess grade ≥ 3 (1 point), modified Fisher grade 4 (2 points), and Ventricular Hijdra Sum Score (vHSS) ≥ 6 (4 points). Patients scoring ≥ 3 points had significantly higher risk for EVD (
P
< 0.0001) than other patients.
Conclusion
The newly developed DOTAHAS score can be useful in identifying patients with transient acute hydrocephalus. Further score evaluation is needed.
Background and purpose
Alemtuzumab, a monoclonal anti‐CD52 antibody, and cladribine, a purine nucleoside analogue, are used for the treatment of highly active relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis ...(MS). Both are administered as two short yearly courses but possess the ability to induce long‐term remission, labeling them as immune reconstitution therapies. Although disease activity after alemtuzumab administration is rare, there are a small number of people with MS who will experience disease activity despite repeated alemtuzumab treatment.
Methods
We report on six patients with MS who experienced disease activity after alemtuzumab and were subsequently treated with cladribine and followed up for up to 2 years.
Results
None of the patients experienced relapses during the follow‐up period and in all patients Expanded Disability Status Scale values remained unchanged. All patients had lymphopenia at one time point. In patients 1 and 2, at the nadir, the lymphopenia was grade 1, in patient 3 it was grade 2 and in patients 5 and 6 it was grade 3. No infections or malignancies were recorded during the follow‐up.
Conclusion
This report provides a framework for treating people with MS with sequential immune reconstitution therapies.
Although disease activity after alemtuzumab administration is rare, there are a small number of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who will experience disease activity despite repeated alemtuzumab treatment. We report on six patients with MS who experienced disease activity after alemtuzumab and were subsequently treated with cladribine, with favorable clinical and magnetic resonance imaging‐based effectiveness and a good safety profile after 2‐year follow‐up.
Purpose
Posterior circulation perforator aneurysms (PCPAs) are a rare type of intracranial aneurysms whose natural history and optimal clinical management are still largely unexplored. This study ...aims to report our experience with treating ruptured PCPAs and to provide a systematic review of the literature to compare the two most established treatment options, endovascular stenting, and conservative management including administration of antifibrinolytic drugs and watchful waiting.
Methods
We performed a systematic review of the literature following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Major databases were searched for case reports and case report series written in the English language between 1995 and 2020. Additionally, we retrospectively reviewed our stroke center database for cases of ruptured PCPAs between January 2014 and July 2020. Endovascular stenting and conservative treatment were compared using endpoints, including favorable outcome rate (mRS 0-2), occlusion rate, mortality rate, periinterventional complication rate, and re-hemorrhage rate.
Results
We identified 31 patients treated endovascularly using stents and 33 patients treated conservatively, with the administration of antifibrinolytic drugs in 3 of them. Our analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the groups, except for the occlusion rate.
Conclusions
The optimal management strategy of PCPAs is still unknown, but stenting can be considered as an effective occlusion method with an acceptable complication rate. Preventive ventricular drainage may be necessary due to the high hydrocephalus rate encountered in ruptured PCPAs.
On the basis of data obtained by the exploratory drilling, the researched copper ore deposit belongs to a group of deposits related to intermediate volcanic - intrusive magmatic complexes. It is a ...compact ore body with the shape of an inclined cylinder and is composed of copper minerals together with the chloritized and kaolinized andesite. There is also an impact of technological parameters on the environment due to the exploitation of the ore deposit. The aim of this paper is to emphasize that it is important to manage the environment in surface exploitation of ore deposits.
The paper uses a cognitive linguistic approach to analyse slang lexemes derogatively denoting and qualifying women in two languages neither genealogically close nor in direct contact. Starting from ...the conceptual metaphor theory and the linguocultural approach, our aim is to determine the similarities and differences related to the cultural knowledge about the concept of women in French and Serbian culture. Our research corpus encompasses examples excerpted from French and Serbian slang and standard dictionaries. The analysis shows that most of the slang expressions that derisively qualify women emphasise physical appearance, intellectual characteristics, and forms of behaviour that the sociolinguistic community assesses as unacceptable and undesirable. The results confirm the deeply rooted and widespread prevalence of collective prejudice, generalisations, stereotypes, and the tendency to marginalise women.
This work is focused on examining the relationship between two sciences-namely sociology and history. Although the latter can be treated in various ways, it is perceived through the lenses of the ...sociological work of Mirko M. Kosić. This view is outlined with the analogy of the work of the above named sociologist with his contemporaries, with the work of present day sociologists, namely, with the pen of the authorities from the field of sociology, history and historical sociology. His view of the relationship between two sciences is beyond dispute, intrinsically understandable, although there were authors that were adherents of diametrically different viewpoint short period after his agency. The main finding of this rethinking is that our first learned sociologist is one of the founders of historical sociology in Serbia, but nonetheless he is neither the only nor the most important. Nevertheless, what is valid for the opus of our sociologist in general, and that is a reasonable degree of neglect, deflection, applies to this question as well. This is, however, marked in bold and accentuated as the result of the conclusion. Finally, this piece of writing in itself is doing away with certain conjectures that exist in our sociological avant-garde.
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess effects of selenium (Se)-yeast supplementation on glutathione peroxidase activity, Se levels in tissues, growth performance, carcass, and meat ...composition in broilers. A total of 275 one-d-old Cobb 500 broilers of both sexes were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments during a 42-d period. The 5 treatments differed only in Se content: group 1 had no additional Se (background only); groups 2, 3, and 4 received 0.3 mg/kg of added Se from the beginning of the trial until d 21, whereas in the second half of the study (from d 22 to 42), these groups received 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg of added Se, respectively; and group 5 received 0.9 mg/kg of Se for the entire experimental period. At the end of the study, the control group showed significantly lower (P < 0.01) glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma compared to Se-supplemented groups. Regarding Se concentration in various tissues, the groups receiving Se yeast showed higher plasma, feces, and meat Se contents than the control group (P < 0.01). Supplementation of Se improved broilers' body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01). Dressing percentage was lower in the control group and the group with 0.3 mg/kg of added Se compared to other experimental groups (0.6 and 0.9 mg/kg of dietary Se). The proportion of less valuable carcass parts (wings and legs) was higher (P < 0.01) in the group fed the basal diet compared to groups supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg of Se. Initial and ultimate pH values differed among experimental groups (P < 0.05). Supplementation of Se improved the broiler's antioxidative resistance, growth performance, carcass quality, and chemical composition of meat.
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