In the past two decades, oxidative stress (OS) has drawn a lot of interest due to the revelation that individuals with many persistent disorders including diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome ...(PCOS), cardiovascular, and other disorders often have aberrant oxidation statuses. OS has a close interplay with PCOS features such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and chronic inflammation; there is a belief that OS might contribute to the development of PCOS. PCOS is currently recognized as not only one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders but also a significant contributor to female infertility, affecting a considerable proportion of women globally. Therefore, the understanding of the relationship between OS and PCOS is crucial to the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for PCOS. Moreover, the mechanistic study of intracellular reactive oxygen species/ reactive nitrogen species formation and its possible interaction with women’s reproductive health is required, which includes complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Apart from that, our current review includes possible regulation of the pathogenesis of OS. A change in lifestyle, including physical activity, various supplements that boost antioxidant levels, particularly vitamins, and the usage of medicinal herbs, is thought to be the best way to combat this occurrence of OS and improve the pathophysiologic conditions associated with PCOS.
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is rising faster in Asia-Pacific region of the world. Although self-protection is the ...best preventive measurement for AIDS. Inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes, and risky practices are identified as the key factor for the AIDS. College students constitute a vulnerable group of AIDS due to their curiosity, lack of knowledge, and risk-prone behavior. Purpose: The study aims to examine the knowledge, attitude, and awareness about HIV infection/AIDS among a group of the college students’ in Bankura district, West Bengal. Method: This study was quantitative and cross-sectional, with a descriptive design. Students have performed self-completed questionnaire, designed to measure their knowledge, attitudes, and awareness to HIV/AIDS. Results: Of the college students, 82% were aware about HIV infection/AIDS. Of which, 4.60% were found outstanding and high level of knowledge and 11.50% of students with excellent knowledge. The major sources of information on HIV infection/AIDS to 80% of respondents were electronic media and print media. Conclusion: From the survey report, we can conclude that AIDS awareness among college students of the Bankura is not satisfactorily.
Background and Aim: Health problems posed by the pollutants at the working environment of an individual are linked to the nature and level of exposure to these hazardous chemicals. Petrol pump ...workers are exposed to high level of different types of air pollution along with petrol and diesel vapors exhibit a number of effects on the respiratory functions. The main objective of the study was to assess the pulmonary functions in petrol pump workers (filling attendants) who are continuously exposed to petrol/diesel vapors during duty hours and compare with the normal healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted at seven different petrol pumps of Bankura and 65 petrol pump workers (filling attendants) were included. Each subject’s age, smoking habits, the duration of exposure, health conditions, BMI and BP were recorded. Their PFT were assessed using spirometer and was compared with 65 normal healthy individuals. Results: A significant decrease in the values of Tidal Volume, Vital Capacity, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Maximum Voluntary Ventilation, Respiratory Rate and Oxygen saturation in petrol pump workers when compared to control group. Significant increase in BP was observed in case of petrol pump workers and reduction in muscle strength. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate the adverse effects of petrol and diesel vapors and fumes, hydrocarbons markedly decreased the pulmonary functions.
During past few decades cancer has remained as the largest cause of mortality worldwide and number of patients suffering from cancer has been increasing at a fast rate. Hence medical research during ...the last few decades has been concentrating on identification and characterization of new synthetic pharmacological compounds to overcome this enormous problem. Leaf extracts of coniferous plant Cryptomeria japonica being known for their strong antibacterial and antifungal functions were selected to determine their antitumor/anticancer potentialities.Methanolic extract of leaves were tested to determine its antitumor action in standard murine model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). Graded doses of the extract were given intraperitoneally to batches of mice, who received EAC challenge after 3hr. Treatment with same amounts of extract was continued for 9 consecutive days. Protective capacity of the leaf extract was evaluated in animals.Statistically significant protection was observed with respect to different parameters including tumor volume , tumor cell count , viable tumor cell count, non- viable tumor cell count , mean survival time and increase in life span. Simultaneously hematological parameters were restored in treated mice vis-à-vis untreated control animals. Furthermore, the extract revealed distinct cytotoxic property, which may be the relevant reason of its anticancer/antitumor function.This study shows efficacy of methanolic extract of leaves of Cryptomeria japonica as a probable antitumor/anticancer agent. Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed presence of flavonoids, which are known to possess significant anticancer activity. Thus there is a definite possibility of developing novel anticancer drugs from such plant products
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by immune system dysregulation, impacting both central and peripheral immune responses. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the neurotoxic ...effects of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the rat brain including the study of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alterations in peripheral immune responses (PIR). The neuroinflammation brought on by Aβ
and is unknown to influence PIR. Animal models were prepared, after 28 days, control, sham, and treated rats were anaesthetized and inflammatory markers of hippocampus and serum levels (reactive oxygen species, nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β), and some markers of PIR (splenic mononuclear cells or MNC, cytotoxicity and phagocytic index of the white blood cells leukocyte adhesion inhibition index or LAI), as well as polymorphonuclear cells of the spleen, were assessed. In addition to changes in peripheral immune responses, the present study found that AD rats had higher blood levels of inflammatory markers. Based on the study, the immune system irregularities observed in AD rats in the peripheral regions might be connected to neuroinflammation, which is facilitated by a compromised blood-brain barrier. Hence, it is viable to propose that the neuroinflammatory condition in rats with Aβ-induced AD could modify immune responses in the peripheral areas with significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines markers in the hippocampal tissue in Aβ-injected AD rats.
The antipsychotic drug prochlorperazine was screened
in vitro for possible antimicrobial property against 157 strains of bacteria, belonging to Gram positive and Gram negative genera. The minimum ...inhibitory concentration (MIC) of prochlorperazine was determined by agar dilution method, which ranged from 25 to 200
μg/ml with respect to most of the strains. Based on such findings, a further study was undertaken to determine whether the efficacy of this drug could be enhanced in the presence of an antihistaminic agent methdilazine, reported to have remarkable antimicrobial action. Four bacterial strains, sensitive to prochlorperazine as well as to three antibacterial chemotherapeutics, viz., methdilazine, fluphenazine and thioridazine were chosen. Disc diffusion tests with prochlorperazine and methdilazine revealed marked synergism between the combination, compared to their individual effects. The synergism was found to be statistically significant (
p<0.01). To assess the degree of synergism, the checkerboard analysis was performed. The FIC index of this combination turned out to be 0.37, which confirmed synergism. Therefore, this synergistic drug combination might open a new therapeutic approach to combat drug-resistance in bacterial infections.
In the past two decades, oxidative stress (OS) has drawn a lot of interest due to the revelation that individuals with many persistent disorders including diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome ...(PCOS), cardiovascular, and other disorders often have aberrant oxidation statuses. OS has a close interplay with PCOS features such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and chronic inflammation; there is a belief that OS might contribute to the development of PCOS. PCOS is currently recognized as not only one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders but also a significant contributor to female infertility, affecting a considerable proportion of women globally. Therefore, the understanding of the relationship between OS and PCOS is crucial to the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for PCOS. Moreover, the mechanistic study of intracellular reactive oxygen species/ reactive nitrogen species formation and its possible interaction with women's reproductive health is required, which includes complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Apart from that, our current review includes possible regulation of the pathogenesis of OS. A change in lifestyle, including physical activity, various supplements that boost antioxidant levels, particularly vitamins, and the usage of medicinal herbs, is thought to be the best way to combat this occurrence of OS and improve the pathophysiologic conditions associated with PCOS.
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