Abstract
The adsorption process is more suitable because the costs required are not too expensive and will not cause new contaminants. Currently, research is being promoted on the use of alternative ...adsorbents derived from nature. Natural adsorbents in addition to having good adsorption ability, are also more economical. Natural biosorbent from pineapple leaves (Ananas comosus L) which had previously been carried out with carbonation, biosorbent activation, and biosorbent characterization using XRD and BET instruments, respectively. The results of the XRD analysis characterization obtained the diffraction pattern of pineapple leaves carbon, there are several sharp peaks, which are very clear at a diffraction angle of 2θ between 25 to 65 degrees, with a crystallinity degree of 32% and pineapple leaves activated carbon, increased the number of degrees of crystallinity at a diffraction angle of 2θ between 20 to 65 degrees, with a degree of crystallinity of 42.26%. The results of the XRD analysis characterization showed that pineapple leaves biosorbent and pineapple leaves activated carbon had amorphous material structure. This material is composed of atoms that are arranged irregularly and randomly scattered. The results of the BET analysis characterization obtained that each graph meets the classification of type I, type II, and type V adsorption isotherms, it means that these carbons have the same type, namely micropores (< 2nm). The surface area according to BET data on pineapple leaves carbon was 70,418 m
2
/g and carbon activated had an outer surface area of 39,394 m
2
/g. Likewise with the results of BJH data, where the surface area of pineapple leaves carbon is 44,775 m
2
/g higher than carbon activated is 25,685 m
2
/g.
Rubber seeds, due to their rich vegetable oil content, emerge as a promising substrate for biofuel production. Harnessing the progressive catalytic hydrocracking methodology, this research delves ...into the activation of Sarulla‐derived natural zeolite followed by Ni and Ni–Mo metal impregnation, subsequently subjecting rubber seed oil to hydrocracking at 400, 450, and 500 °C under atmospheric pressure at 0.1 MPa. Zeolite characteristics undergo notable transformations postmetal impregnation. Importantly, at 500 °C, gasoline fraction selectivity exhibits superior efficacy, with the Ni/SNZ‐A catalyst demonstrating consistently high selectivity (>85%) across varied temperatures. Posthydrocracking reveals an amplification in n‐paraffin, aromatic, olefin, and methyl ester profiles to 19.6%, 7.3%, 25.7%, and 17.7%, respectively, contrasting the diminution of cycloparaffin, carboxylic acid, and ketones to 3.6%, 0.2%, and 2.5%, respectively. The aforementioned discoveries hold significant importance in the realm of further investigation into the generation of gasoline fractions through the utilization of natural zeolite catalysts and the incorporation of metals with lower mass, all conducted under atmospheric pressure conditions with the ultimate objective of mitigating production expenses.
Using Sarulla‐derived natural zeolite catalysts infused with Ni and Ni–Mo, we reveals transformative shifts in zeolite characteristics. At 500 °C, the Ni/SNZ‐A catalyst excels in gasoline fraction selectivity (>85%), enhancing n‐paraffin, aromatic, olefin, and methyl ester profiles. This breakthrough opens avenues for cost‐effective gasoline fraction generation under atmospheric pressure conditions.
This study aims to determine the average learning outcomes and learning motivation with the iSpring Media Assisted Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model compared to conventional learning ...models. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Sunggal with the samples in this study were 2 classes, namely the experimental class in class X IPA 2 and the control class in class X IPA 3 which were obtained using purposive sampling technique. The research instrument consisted of a test instrument in the form of validated questions and a non-test instrument in the form of a learning motivation questionnaire. The results of the study for learning motivation using the independent sample t-test at = 0.05, the tcount value was 1.81. The results of the study on learning outcomes showed that the average value with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model was 84.58 while the average value in the conventional learning model was 77.50. The gain calculation shows that the increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class is 72% with criteria while the control class is 68% with moderate criteria. From the results of the study, it was obtained that the tcount value was 4.94 Ha, which was accepted, namely the learning outcomes of students who were taught with the Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by the Ispring media were higher than the learning outcomes of students who were taught using conventional learning models on electrolyte and non electrolyte solutions. While the research results for the correlation test is 0.333. Thus, there is a significant correlation between learning motivation to increase student learning outcomes in the experimental class by 11%. This shows that the higher the motivation, the higher the learning outcomes, and vice versa.
PDF
